В статьях на сайте использованы следующие сокращения:

• АмВ — амфотерицин В
• АД — артериальное давление
• APT — антиретровирусная терапия
• АТ — антитоксин
• БЛРС — бета-лактамаза расширенного спектра
• В/в — внутривенно, внутривенный
• В/м — внутримышечно, внутримышечный
• ВВО — вирус ветряной оспы
• ВГЛ — вирусная геморрагическая лихорадка
• ВГЧ — вирус герпеса человека
• ВИЧ — вирус иммунодефицита человека
• ВИЧ-1 — вирус иммунодефицита человека 1-го типа
• ВИЧ-2 — вирус иммунодефицита человека 2-го типа
• ВЛГ — венерическая лимфогранулема
• ВОЗ — Всемирная организация здравоохранения
• ВПГ — вирус простого герпеса
• ВПЧ — вирус папилломы человека
• ВЧД — внутричерепное давление
• ВЭБ — вирус Эпстайна—Барр
• ДВС — диссеминированное внутрисосудистое свертывание крови
• ДНК — дезоксирибонуклеиновая кислота
• ДЭК — диэтилкарбамазин
• ИВЛ — искусственная вентиляция легких
• ИЛ — интерлейкин
• ИП — ингибитор протеазы
• ИППП — инфекции, передающиеся половым путем
• ИФА — иммуноферментный анализ
• ИФН — интерферон
• КТ — компьютерная томография
• КФК — креатинфосфокиназа
• ЛА — легочная артерия
• ЛНГ — лихорадка неясного генеза
• ЛС — лекарственное средство
• МАНК — метод амплификации нуклеиновых кислот
• МИК — минимальная ингибирующая концентрация
• МЛУ — множественная лекарственная устойчивость
• МСМ — мужчины, практикующие секс с мужчинами
• НИОТ — нуклеозидный ингибитор обратной транскриптазы
• ННИОТ — ненуклеозидный ингибитор обратной транскриптазы
• НПВС — нестероидные противовоспалительные средства
• ОРДС — острый респираторный дистресс-синдром
• ПВ —поливалентный
• РНК — рибонуклеиновая кислота
• СК — саркома Капоши
• СКВ — системная красная волчанка
• СМЖ — спинномозговая жидкость
• СОЭ — скорость оседания эритроцитов
• СПИД — синдром приобретенного иммунодефицита
• СРБ — С-реактивный белок
• ТБ — туберкулез
• ТГВ — тромбоз глубоких вен
• ТЭЛА — тромбоэмболия легочной артерии
• УЗИ — ультразвуковое исследование
• ФНО — фактор некроза опухоли
• ФОС — фосфорорганические соединения
• ХОБЛ —хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких
• ЦМВ — цитомегаловирус
• ЦНС — центральная нервная система
• ШКГ — шкала комы Глазго
• ЭКГ — электрокардиограмма
• CDC (centers for disease control) — Центры по контролю и профилактике заболеваний США
• CL (cutaneous leishmaniasis) — кожный лейшманиоз
• ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) — им-муносорбентный анализ с ферментной меткой
• HBV (hepatitis В virus) — вирус гепатита В
• HCV (hepatitis С virus) — вирус гепатита С
• HLA (human leucocyte antigen) — человеческий лейкоцитарный антиген
• Ig (immunoglobulin) — иммуноглобулин
• MAC (mycobacterium avium complex) — комплекс Mycobacterium avium
• MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) — метициллинорезистентный штамм Staphylococcus aureus
• NK (natural killers) — естественные клетки-киллеры
• VL (visceral leishmaniasis) — висцеральный лейшманиоз

В ходе подготовки статей по разделам инфекционные болезни, клинической иммунологии и неотложные состояния в рамках внутренних болезней для пользователей сайта МедУнивер использованы труды следующих авторов:

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2. World Health Organisation, Regional Office for Africa. Guidelines for the prevention and clinical management of snakebite in Africa, 2010.
3. World Health Organisation, Regional Office for South-East Asia. Guidelines for the management of snake-bites, 2010.
4. Bateman D.N., Jefferson R., Thomas S.H.L. et al. (eds). Oxford desk reference: toxicology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
5. Benson B.E., Норри K., Troutman W.G. et al. Position paper update: gastric lavage for gastrointestinal decontamination // Clin. Toxicol. 2013. Vol. 51. P. 140-146.
6. Chyka P.A., Seger D., Krenzelok E.P. et al. Position paper: single-dose activated charcoal // Clin. Toxicol. 2005. Vol. 43. P. 61-87.
7. Thompson J.P., Watson I.D., Thanacoody H.K. et al. Guidelines for laboratory analyses for poisoned patients in the United Kingdom //Ann. Clin. Biochem. 2014. Vol. 51. P. 312-325.
8. Pattman R., Sankar N., Elawad В. et al. (eds). Oxford handbook of genitourinary medicine, HIV, and sexual health. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
9. Rogstad K.E. (ed.). ABC of sexually transmitted infections, 6th edn. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.
10. GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990—2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 // Lancet. 2016. Vol. 388. P. 1545-1602.
11. GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, and causespecific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980—2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 // Lancet. 2016. Vol. 388. P. 1459-1544.
12. GBD 2015 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990—2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 // Lancet. 2016. Vol. 388. P. 1659-1724.
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14. Brian J Angus BSc(Hons), DTM&H, FRCP, MD, FFTM(Glas), Associate Professor, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
15. Quentin M Anstee BSc(Hons), PhD, FRCP, Professor of Experimental Hepatology, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne; Honorary Consultant Hepatologist, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
16. Leslie Burnett MBBS, PhD, FRCPA, FHGSA, Chief Medical Officer, Genome.One, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney; Conjoint Professor, St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW; Honorary Professor in Pathology and Genetic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
17. Mark Byers OBE, FRCGP, FFSEM, FIMC, MRCEM, Consultant in Pre-Hospital Emergency Medicine, Institute of Pre-Hospital Care, London, UK
18. Harry Campbell MD, FRCPE, FFPH, FRSE, Professor of Genetic Epidemiology and Public Health, Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK
19. Gavin PR Clunie BSc, MD, FRCP, Consultant Rheumatologist and Metabolic Bone Physician, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
20. Lesley A Colvin BSc, FRCA, PhD, FRCPE, FFPMRCA, Consultant, Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Honorary Professor in Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
21. Bryan Conway MB, MRCP, PhD, Senior Lecturer, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh; Honorary Consultant Nephrologist, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK
22. Nicola Cooper FAcadMEd, FRCPE, FRACP, Consultant Physician, Derby Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Derby; Honorary Clinical Associate Professor, Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
23. Alison L Cracknell FRCP, Consultant, Medicine for Older People, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds; Honorary Clinical Associate Professor, University of Leeds, UK
24. Dominic J Culligan BSc, MD, FRCP, FRCPath, Consultant Haematologist, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary; Honorary Senior Lecturer, University of Aberdeen, UK
25. Graham G Dark FRCP, FHEA, Senior Lecturer in Medical Oncology and Cancer Education, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
26. Richard J Davenport DM, FRCPE, BMedSci, Consultant Neurologist, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Honorary Senior Lecturer, University of Edinburgh, UK
27. David Н Dockrell MD, FRCPI, FRCPG, FACP Professor of Infection Medicine, Medical Research Council/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, UK
28. Emad El-Omar BSc(Hons), MD(Hons), FRCPE, FRSE, FRACP, Professor of Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
29. Marie Fallon MD, FRCP, St Columba’s Hospice Chair of Palliative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
30. David R FitzPatrick MD, FMedSci, Professor, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
31. Neil R Grubb MD, FRCP, Consultant in Cardiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh; Honorary Senior Lecturer in Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
32. Sally H Ibbotson BSc(Hons), MD, FRCPE, Professor of Photodermatology, University of Dundee; Honorary Consultant Dermatologist and Head of Photobiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
33. J Alastair Innes BSc, PhD, FRCPE, Consultant, Respiratory Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Honorary Reader in Respiratory Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
34. Sara J Jenks BSc(Hons), MRCP, FRCPath, Consultant in Metabolic Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK
35. Sarah L Johnston FCRP, FRCPath, Consultant Immunologist, Department of Immunology and Immunogenetics, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
36. David EJ Jones MA, BM, PhD, FRCP, Professor of Liver Immunology, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne; Consultant Hepatologist, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
37. Peter Langhorne PhD, FRCPG, FRCPI, Professor of Stroke Care, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
38. Stephen M Lawrie MD(Hons), FRCPsych, FRCPE(Hon), Professor of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, UK
39. John Paul Leach MD, FRCPG, FRCPE, Consultant Neurologist, Institute of Neuroscience, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow; Head of Undergraduate Medicine and Honorary Associate Clinical Professor, University of Glasgow, UK
40. Gary Maartens MBChB, FCP(SA), MMed, Professor of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
41. Lucy Mackillop MA(Oxon), FRCP, Consultant Obstetric Physician, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford; Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, UK
42. Michael J MacMahon FRCA, FICM, EDIC, Consultant in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy, UK
43. Rebecca Mann BMedSci, MRCP, FRCPCh, Consultant Paediatrician, Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust, Taunton, UK
44. Lynn M Manson MD, FRCPE, FRCPath, Consultant Haematologist, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK
45. Sara E Marshall FRCP, FRCPath, PhD, Professor of Clinical Immunology, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, UK
46. Amanda Mather MBBS, FRACP, PhD, Consultant Nephrologist, Department of Renal Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney; Conjoint Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia
47. Simon RJ Maxwell BSc, MD, PhD, FRCP, FRCPE, FBPhS, FHEA, Professor of Student Learning — Clinical Pharmacology and Prescribing, and Medical Director, UK Prescribing Safety Assessment, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Edinburgh, UK
48. David A McAllister MSc, MD, MRCP, MFPH, Wellcome Trust Intermediate Clinical Fellow and Beit Fellow, Senior Clinical Lecturer in Epidemiology, and Honorary Consultant in Public Health Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
49. Rory J McCrimmon MD, FRCPE, Professor of Experimental Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Dundee, UK
50. Mairi H McLean BSc(Hons), MRCP, PhD, Senior Clinical Lecturer in Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen; Honorary Consultant Gastroenterologist, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, UK
51. Francesca EM Neuberger MRCP(UK), Consultant Physician in Acute Medicine and Obstetric Medicine, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
52. David E Newby BA, BSc(Hons), PhD, BM DM DSc, FMedSci, FRSE, FESC, FACC, British Heart Foundation John Wheatley Professor of Cardiology, British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science,University of Edinburgh, UK
53. John DC Newell-Price MA, PhD, FRCP, Professor of Endocrinology and Consultant Endocrinologist, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, UK
54. John Olson MD, FRPCE, FRCOphth, Consultant Ophthalmic Physician, Aberdeen
55. Royal Infirmary; Honorary Reader, University of Aberdeen, UK
56. Ewan R Pearson MA, PhD, FRCPE, Professor of Diabetic Medicine, University of Dundee, UK
57. Paul J Phelan MD, FRCPE, Consultant Nephrologist and Renal Transplant Physician, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh; Honorary, Senior Lecturer, University of Edinburgh, UK
58. Stuart H Ralston MD, FRCP, FMedSci, FRSE, FFPM(Hon), Arthritis Research UK Professor of Rheumatology, University of Edinburgh; Honorary Consultant Rheumatologist, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
59. Peter T Reid MD, FRCPE, Consultant Physician, Respiratory Medicine, Lothian University Hospitals, Edinburgh, UK
60. Jonathan AT Sandoe PhD, FRCPath, Associate Clinical Professor, University of Leeds; Consultant Microbiologist, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
61. Gordon R Scott BSc, FRCP, Consultant in Genitourinary Medicine, Chalmers Sexual Health Centre, Edinburgh, UK
62. Alan G Shand MD, FRCPE, Consultant Gastroenterologist, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
63. Robby M Steel MA, MD, FRCPsych, Consultant Liaison Psychiatrist, Department of Psychological Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh; Honorary (Clinical) Senior Lecturer, Department of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, UK
64. Grant D Stewart BSc(Hons), FRCSEd(Urol), PhD University Lecturer in Urological Surgery, Academic Urology Group, University of Cambridge; Honorary Consultant Urological Surgeon, Department of Urology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge; Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer, University of Edinburgh, UK
65. Peter Stewart MBBS, FRACP, FRCPA, MBA, Associate Professor in Chemical Pathology, University of Sydney; Area Director of Clinical Biochemistry and Head of the Biochemistry Department, Royal Prince Alfred and Liverpool Hospitals, Sydney, Australia
66. Mark WJ Strachan BSc(Hons), MD, FRCPE, Consultant Endocrinologist, Metabolic Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Honorary Professor, University of Edinburgh, UK
67. David R Sullivan MBBS, FRACP, FRCPA, FCSANZ Clinical Associate Professor, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney; Physician and Chemical Pathologist, Department of Chemical Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
68. Shyam Sundar MD, FRCP(London), FAMS, FNASc, FASc, FNA, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
69. Victoria R Tailentire BSc(Hons), MD, FRCPE, Consultant Physician, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer, University of Edinburgh, UK
70. Katrina Tatton-Brown BA, MD, FRCP, Consultant in Clinical Genetics, South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, St George’s Universities NHS Foundation Trust, London; Reader in Clinical Genetics and Genomic Education, St George’s University, London, UK
71. Simon HL Thomas MD, FRCP, FRCPE, Professor of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Medical Toxicology Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
72. Henry G Watson MD, FRCPE, FRCPath, Consultant Haematologist, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary; Honorary Professor of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, UK
73. Julian White MB, BS, MD, FACTM, Head of Toxinology, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide; Professor, University of Adelaide, Australia
74. John PH Wilding DM, FRCP, Professor of Medicine, Obesity and Endocrinology, University of Liverpool, UK
75. Miles D Witham PhD, FRCPE, Clinical Reader in Ageing and Health, University of Dundee, UK

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Редактор: Искандер Милевски. Дата обновления публикации: 29.10.2023