ÌåäÓíèâåð - MedUniver.com Âñå ðàçäåëû ñàéòà Âèäåî ïî ìåäèöèíå Êíèãè ïî ìåäèöèíå Ôîðóì êîíñóëüòàöèé âðà÷åé  
Ðåêîìåíäóåì:
Ïåäèàòðèÿ:
Ïåäèàòðèÿ
Ãåíåòèêà â ïåäèàòðèè
Äåòñêàÿ àëëåðãîëîãèÿ è èììóíîëîãèÿ
Äåòñêàÿ ãàñòðîýíòåðîëîãèÿ
Äåòñêàÿ ãåìàòîëîãèÿ
Äåòñêàÿ ãèíåêîëîãèÿ
Äåòñêàÿ äåðìàòîëîãèÿ
Äåòñêàÿ è ïîäðîñòêîâàÿ ñòîìàòîëîãèÿ
Äåòñêàÿ êàðäèîëîãèÿ
Äåòñêàÿ íåâðîëîãèÿ
Äåòñêàÿ íåôðîëîãèÿ
Äåòñêàÿ îíêîëîãèÿ
Äåòñêàÿ îðòîïåäèÿ
Äåòñêàÿ îòîðèíîëàðèíãîëîãèÿ
Äåòñêàÿ îôòàëüìîëîãèÿ
Äåòñêàÿ ïóëüìîíîëîãèÿ
Äåòñêàÿ ðåàáèëèòàöèÿ
Äåòñêàÿ ðåâìàòîëîãèÿ
Äåòñêàÿ óðîëîãèÿ
Äåòñêàÿ ôàðìàêîëîãèÿ
Äåòñêàÿ ýíäîêðèíîëîãèÿ
Èíôåêöèîííûå áîëåçíè ó äåòåé
Íåîíàòîëîãèÿ
Íåîòëîæíûå ñîñòîÿíèÿ äåòåé
Ïîäðîñòêîâàÿ ìåäèöèíà
Ðîñò è ðàçâèòèå ðåáåíêà
Îðãàíèçàöèÿ ïåäèàòðè÷åñêîé ïîìîùè
Ôîðóì
 

Àâòîðû òðóäîâ (ñòàòåé) èñïîëüçîâàííûå ïðè ïîäãîòîâêå ìàòåðèàëîâ ïî äåòñêîé êàðäèîëîãèè â ïåäèàòðèè

 ñòàòüÿõ íà ñàéòå èñïîëüçîâàíû ñëåäóþùèå ñîêðàùåíèÿ:

  • °F — òåìïåðàòóðà ïî Ôàðåíãåéòó
  • °C — òåìïåðàòóðà ïî Öåëüñèþ
  • 5-ÍÒ — 5-ãèäðîêñèèíäîëóêñóñíàÿ êèñëîòà ìî÷è
  • ÀÁ — àíòèáèîòèê(è)
  • ÀÁËÀ — àëëåðãè÷åñêèé áðîíõîëåãî÷íûé àñïåðãèëëåç
  • ÀÁÒ — àíòèáàêòåðèàëüíàÿ òåðàïèÿ
  • ÀÂ — àòðèîâåíòðèêóëÿðíûé
  • ÀÃ — àðòåðèàëüíàÿ ãèïåðòåíçèÿ
  • ÀÃí — àíòèãåí
  • ÀÄ — àðòåðèàëüíîå äàâëåíèå
  • ÀÄà — àíòèäèóðåòè÷åñêèé ãîðìîí
  • ÀÄÑ — àíàòîêñèí äèôòåðèéíî-ñòîëáíÿ÷íûé
  • ÀÄÑ-Ì — àíàòîêñèí äèôòåðèéíî-ñòîëáíÿ÷íûé (ìàëûå äîçû)
  • ÀÄÔ — àäåíîçèíäèôîñôîðíàÿ êèñëîòà, àäåíîçèíäèôîñôàò
  • ÀÊÄÑ — àíàòîêñèí êîêëþøíî-äèôòåðèéíî-ñòîëáíÿ÷íûé
  • ÀÊÒÃ — àäðåíîêîðòèêîòðîïíûé ãîðìîí
  • ÀÊØ — àîðòîêîðîíàðíîå øóíòèðîâàíèå
  • ÀËÒ — àëàíèíàìèíîòðàíñôåðàçà
  • àìåð. — àìåðèêàíñêèé
  • ÀÌÊ — àçîò ìî÷åâèíû êðîâè
  • ÀÌÔ — àäåíîçèíìîíîôîñôîðíàÿ êèñëîòà, àäåíîçèíìîíîôîñôàò
  • ÀÍÀ — àíòèíóêëåàðíûå àíòèòåëà
  • àíàò. — àíàòîìè÷åñêèé
  • àíãë. — àíãëèéñêèé
  • ÀÏÔ — àíãèîòåíçèí-ïðåâðàùàþùèé ôåðìåíò
  • ÀÐÂÒ — àíòèðåòðîâèðóñíàÿ òåðàïèÿ
  • ÀÐÏ — àêòèâíîñòü ðåíèíà â ïëàçìå êðîâè
  • ACT — àñïàðòàòàìèíîòðàíñôåðàçà
  • ÀÒë — àíòèòåëî
  • ÀÒÔ — àäåíîçèíòðèôîñôîðíàÿ êèñëîòà, àäåíîçèíòðèôîñôàò
  • ÀóÄ — àóòîñîìíî-äîìèíàíòíûé
  • ÀóÐ — àóòîñîìíî-ðåöåññèâíûé
  • ÀÔÏ — α-ôåòîïðîòåèí
  • ÀÔÑ — àíòèôîñôîëèïèäíûé ñèíäðîì
  • ÀÕÝ — àöåòèëõîëèíýñòåðàçà
  • ÀÖÕ — àöåòèëõîëèí
  • À×Ò — àêòèâèðîâàííîå ÷àñòè÷íîå òðîìáîïëàñòèíîâîå âðåìÿ
  • ÁÀ — áðîíõèàëüíàÿ àñòìà
  • ÁÀÄ — áèîëîãè÷åñêè àêòèâíàÿ äîáàâêà
  • ÁÀË — áðîíõîàëüâåîëÿðíûé ëàâàæ
  • ÁÀÐ — áèïîëÿðíîå àôôåêòèâíîå ðàññòðîéñòâî (I èëè II òèïà)
  • ÁÊÊ — áîëüøîé êðóã êðîâîîáðàùåíèÿ
  • ÁËÄ — áðîíõîëåãî÷íàÿ äèñïëàçèÿ
  • ÁËÍÏà — áëîêàäà ëåâîé íîæêè ïó÷êà Ãèñà
  • ÁÌÑÝ — áþðî ìåäèêî-ñîöèàëüíîé ýêñïåðòèçû
  • ÁÏ — áðþøíàÿ ïîëîñòü
  • ÁÏÍÏà — áëîêàäà ïðàâîé íîæêè ïó÷êà Ãèñà
  • ÁÐÌ — áàçîâûå ðåàíèìàöèîííûå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ
  • ÁÐÍÑ — áûñòðî ðàçðåøèâøååñÿ íåîáúÿñíèìîå ñîáûòèå
  • ÁÖÆ — áàöèëëà Êàëüìåòòà-Ãåðåíà â ò.÷. — â òîì ÷èñëå
  • ÁÔÏ - áèîôèçè÷åñêèé ïðîôèëü ïëîäà
  • â. — âåê
  • â/ — âíóòðè... â ñëîæíîñîñòàâíûõ ñëîâàõ (íàïð. â/ñîñóäèñòûé, â/÷åðåïíîé è ò.ï.)
  • â/à — âíóòðèàðòåðèàëüíî
  • â/â — âíóòðèâåííî
  • â/ê — âíóòðèêîæíî
  • â/ì — âíóòðèìûøå÷íî
  • ââ. — âåêà
  • â-âî — âåùåñòâî
  • ÂÂÝ — âîåííî-âðà÷åáíàÿ ýêñïåðòèçà
  • ÂÃÄ — âíóòðèãëàçíîå äàâëåíèå
  • ÂÃ× — âèðóñ ãåðïåñà ÷åëîâåêà
  • ÂÄÏ — âåðõíèå äûõàòåëüíûå ïóòè
  • ÂÆÊ — âíóòðèæåëóäî÷êîâîå êðîâîèçëèÿíèå
  • ÂÇÊ — âîñïàëèòåëüíûå çàáîëåâàíèÿ êèøå÷íèêà
  • ÂÇÎÌÒ—âîñïàëèòåëüíûå çàáîëåâàíèÿ îðãàíîâ ìàëîãî òàçà
  • ÂÈÏ — âàçîàêòèâíûé èíòåñòèíàëüíûé ïåïòèä
  • ÂÈ× — âèðóñ èììóíîäåôèöèòà ÷åëîâåêà
  • ÂÌÏ — âûñîêîòåõíîëîãè÷íàÿ ìåäèöèíñêàÿ ïîìîùü
  • ÂÌÑ — âíóòðèìàòî÷íîå ñðåäñòâî (ñïèðàëü)
  • ÂÍ — âèðóñíàÿ íàãðóçêà
  • ÂÍÑ — âåãåòàòèâíàÿ íåðâíàÿ ñèñòåìà
  • ÂΠ— Âåëèêàÿ Îòå÷åñòâåííàÿ âîéíà
  • ÂÎÃÌ — âûñîêîãîðíûé îòåê ãîëîâíîãî ìîçãà
  • ÂÎÇ — Âñåìèðíàÿ îðãàíèçàöèÿ çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ
  • ÂÎË — âûñîêîãîðíûé îòåê ëåãêèõ
  • ÂÎÌÊ — âðà÷, îñóùåñòâëÿþùèé ìåäèöèíñêèé êîíòðîëü
  • ÂÎÏ — âðà÷ îáùåé ïðàêòèêè
  • ÂÏÂ — âåðõíÿÿ ïîëàÿ âåíà
  • ÂÏÃ — âèðóñ ïðîñòîãî ãåðïåñà
  • ÂÏÐ — âðîæäåííûå ïîðîêè ðàçâèòèÿ
  • ÂÏÑ — âðîæäåííûé ïîðîê ñåðäöà
  • ÂÏ× — âèðóñ ïàïèëëîìû ÷åëîâåêà
  • ÂÐÒ — âñïîìîãàòåëüíûå ðåïðîäóêòèâíûå òåõíîëîãèè
  • ÂÑÎ — âîäíî-ñîëåâîé îáìåí
  • Â×Ä — âíóòðè÷åðåïíîå äàâëåíèå
  • Â×ÈÂË — âûñîêî÷àñòîòíàÿ èñêóññòâåííàÿ âåíòèëÿöèÿ ëåãêèõ (HFV)
  • ÂÝÁ — âèðóñ Ýïøòåéíà-Áàðð
  • ã — ãðàìì
  • ã. — ãîä
  • Ã-6-ÔÄ — ãëþêîçî-6-ôîñôàòäåãèäðîãåíàçà
  • ÃÀÌÊ — ãàììà-àìèíîìàñëÿíàÿ êèñëîòà
  • ÃÁ — ãèïåðòîíè÷åñêàÿ áîëåçíü
  • ÃÁÍ — ãåìîëèòè÷åñêàÿ áîëåçíü íîâîðîæäåííîãî
  • ÃÁÎ — ãèïåðáàðè÷åñêàÿ îêñèãåíàöèÿ
  • ÃÇÒ — ãèïåð÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòü çàìåäëåííîãî òèïà
  • ãèñò. — ãèñòîëîãè÷åñêèé
  • ÃÊ — ãðóäíàÿ êëåòêà
  • ÃÊÌÏ — ãèïåðòðîôè÷åñêàÿ êàðäèîìèîïàòèÿ
  • ÃÊÑ — ãëþêîêîðòèêîñòåðîèä(û)
  • ÃËÃ — ãåìîôàãîöèòàðíûé ëèìôîãèñòèîöèòîç
  • ÃËÏÑ — ãåìîððàãè÷åñêàÿ ëèõîðàäêà ñ ïî÷å÷íûì ñèíäðîìîì
  • ÃÌ — ãîëîâíîé ìîçã
  • ÃÌ-ÊÑÔ — ãðàíóëîöèòàðíî-ìàêðîôàãàëüíûé êîëîíèåñòèìóëèðóþùèé ôàêòîð
  • ÃÌÔ — ãóàíîçèíìîíîôîñôàò
  • ÃíÐà — ãîíàäîòðîïèí-ðèëèçèíã-ãîðìîí
  • ÃÍÒ — ãèïåð÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòü íåìåäëåííîãî òèïà
  • ÃÏÎÄ — ãðûæà ïèùåâîäíîãî îòâåðñòèÿ äèàôðàãìû
  • ÃÐÄÑ — ãèïîêñè÷åñêàÿ ðåàêöèÿ äûõàòåëüíîé ñèñòåìû ãðå÷. — ãðå÷åñêèé
  • ÃÒÔ — ãóàíîçèíòðèôîñôàò
  • ÃÓÑ — ãåìîëèòèêî-óðåìè÷åñêèé ñèíäðîì
  • Ãö — ãåðö
  • ÃÝÁ — ãåìàòîýíöåôàëè÷åñêèé áàðüåð
  • ÃÝÐ — ãàñòðîýçîôàãåàëüíûé ðåôëþêñ
  • ÃÝÐÁ — ãàñòðîýçîôàãåàëüíàÿ ðåôëþêñíàÿ áîëåçíü
  • äÁ — äåöèáåë
  • ÄÂÑ — äèññåìèíèðîâàííîå âíóòðèñîñóäèñòîå ñâåðòûâàíèå
  • ÄÃÒ — äèãèäðîòåñòîñòåðîí
  • ÄÄ — äèôôåðåíöèàëüíàÿ äèàãíîñòèêà, äèôôåðåíöèàëüíî-äèàãíîñòè÷åñêèé
  • ÄÄÁÀ — äëèòåëüíîäåéñòâóþùèå β2-àãîíèñòû
  • ÄÄÊ — äèôôåðåíöèàëüíî-äèàãíîñòè÷åñêèé êðèòåðèé (êðèòåðèè)
  • ÄÄÐÌ - äîïóñòèìûé äèàïàçîí ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ìàêðîíóòðèåíòîâ
  • ÄÈ — äîâåðèòåëüíûé èíòåðâàë
  • ÄÊ — äèàãíîñòè÷åñêèé êðèòåðèé
  • ÄÊÀ — äèàáåòè÷åñêèé êåòîàöèäîç
  • ÄÊÌÏ — äèëàòàöèîííàÿ êàðäèîìèîïàòèÿ
  • ÄÌÆÏ — äåôåêò ìåææåëóäî÷êîâîé ïåðåãîðîäêè
  • ÄÌÏÏ — äåôåêò ìåæïðåäñåðäíîé ïåðåãîðîäêè
  • ÄÌÑ — äîáðîâîëüíîå ìåäèöèíñêîå ñòðàõîâàíèå
  • ÄÍ — äûõàòåëüíàÿ íåäîñòàòî÷íîñòü
  • ÄÍÊ — äåçîêñèðèáîíóêëåèíîâàÿ êèñëîòà
  • ÄÍÒ — äåôåêòû íåðâíîé òðóáêè
  • ÄÎ - äûõàòåëüíûé îáúåì
  • ÄÎÔÀ — äèãèäðîêñèôåíèëàëàíèí
  • ÄÏ — äûõàòåëüíûå ïóòè
  • ÄÏÊ — äâåíàäöàòèïåðñòíàÿ êèøêà
  • ÄÏÌ — äàòà ïîñëåäíåé ìåíñòðóàöèè
  • ÄÏÏ - äîïóñòèìûé ïðåäåë ïîòðåáëåíèÿ
  • äð. — äðóãèå
  • ÄÒÏ — äîðîæíî-òðàíñïîðòíîå ïðîèñøåñòâèå
  • ÄÖÏ — äåòñêèé öåðåáðàëüíûé ïàðàëè÷
  • ÅÄ — åäèíèöà äåéñòâèÿ, åäèíèöà
  • ÆÂÏ — æåë÷åâûâîäÿùèå ïóòè
  • ÆÄÀ — æåëåçîäåôèöèòíàÿ àíåìèÿ
  • ÆÅË — æèçíåííàÿ åìêîñòü ëåãêèõ
  • ÆÊÁ — æåë÷åêàìåííàÿ áîëåçíü
  • ÆÊÊ — æåëóäî÷íî-êèøå÷íîå êðîâîòå÷åíèå
  • ÆÊÒ — æåëóäî÷íî-êèøå÷íûé òðàêò
  • ÆÍÂËÏ — æèçíåííî íåîáõîäèìûå è âàæíûå ëåêàðñòâåííûå ïðåïàðàòû (ñïèñîê, ïåðå÷åíü)
  • ÇÂÓÐ — çàäåðæêà âíóòðèóòðîáíîãî ðàçâèòèÿ
  • ÇË — çäîðîâûå ëþäè (ëèöà)
  • ÇÍÎ — çëîêà÷åñòâåííîå íîâîîáðàçîâàíèå
  • ÇÎ — çäðàâîîõðàíåíèå
  • ÇÎÆ — çäîðîâûé îáðàç æèçíè
  • ÇÑÍ — çàñòîéíàÿ ñåðäå÷íàÿ íåäîñòàòî÷íîñòü
  • èÀÏÔ — èíãèáèòîðû àíãèîòåíçèí-ïðåâðàùàþùåãî ôåðìåíòà
  • ÈÁÑ — èøåìè÷åñêàÿ áîëåçíü ñåðäöà
  • ÈÂË — èñêóññòâåííàÿ âåíòèëÿöèÿ ëåãêèõ
  • ÈÃÊÑ — èíãàëÿöèîííûå ãëþêîêîðòèêîñòåðîèäû
  • ÈÇË — èíòåðñòèöèàëüíûå çàáîëåâàíèÿ ëåãêèõ
  • ÈÊÏ — èììóíîêîìïðîìåòèðîâàííûå ïàöèåíòû
  • ÈË — èíòåðëåéêèí
  • ÈËÄÁ — èíòåãðèðîâàííîå ëå÷åíèå äåòñêèõ áîëåçíåé
  • ÈÌ — èíôàðêò ìèîêàðäà
  • ÈÌÀÎ — èíãèáèòîð(û) ìîíîàìèíîêñèäàçû
  • ÈÌáïÁÒ — èíôàðêò ìèîêàðäà áåç ïîäúåìà ñåãìåíòà ST
  • ÈÌÏ — èíôåêöèÿ ìî÷åâûõ (ìî÷åâûâîäÿùèõ) ïóòåé
  • ÈÌïÇÒ — èíôàðêò ìèîêàðäà ñ ïîäúåìîì ñåãìåíòà
  • ST ÈÌÒ — èíäåêñ ìàññû òåëà
  • ÈÎË — èíòðàîêóëÿðíàÿ ëèíçà
  • ÈÏÏ — èíãèáèòîðû ïðîòîííîé ïîìïû (ïðîòîííîãî íàñîñà)
  • ÈÏÏÏ — èíôåêöèè, ïåðåäàâàåìûå ïîëîâûì ïóòåì
  • ÈÑÑ — èíäèâèäóàëüíûå ñïàñàòåëüíûå ñðåäñòâà èñòîð. — èñòîðè÷åñêîå èòàë. — èòàëüÿíñêèé
  • ÈÒÏ — èäèîïàòè÷åñêàÿ òðîìáîöèòîïåíè÷åñêàÿ ïóðïóðà
  • ÈÒØ — èíôåêöèîííî-òîêñè÷åñêèé øîê ÈÔÀ — èììóíîôåðìåíòíûé àíàëèç
  • ÊÀ — êîðîíàðíàÿ(ûå) àðòåðèÿ(è)
  • ê — êèëîâîëüò
  • êã — êèëîãðàìì
  • ÊÄÁÀ — êîðîòêîäåéñòâóþùèå β2-àãîíèñòû
  • ÊÄÄ — êîíå÷íî-äèàñòîëè÷åñêîå äàâëåíèå
  • ÊÄÎ — êîíå÷íî-äèàñòîëè÷åñêèé îáúåì
  • ÊÄÐ — êîíå÷íî-äèàñòîëè÷åñêèé ðàçìåð
  • êèò. — êèòàéñêèé
  • êêàë — êèëîêàëîðèÿ
  • êë. — êëåòêè, êëåòîê
  • ÊÌÏ — êà÷åñòâî ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè
  • ÊîÀ — êîýíçèì À, êîôåðìåíò À
  • ÊÎÅ — êîëîíèåîáðàçóþùàÿ åäèíèöà
  • ÊÎÊ — êîìáèíèðîâàííûå îðàëüíûå êîíòðàöåïòèâû
  • ÊÏÒ — êîãíèòèâíî-ïîâåäåí÷åñêàÿ òåðàïèÿ
  • ÊÐ — êëèíè÷åñêèå ðåêîìåíäàöèè
  • ÊÑÄ — êîíå÷íî-ñèñòîëè÷åñêîå äàâëåíèå
  • ÊÑÎ — êîíå÷íî-ñèñòîëè÷åñêèé îáúåì
  • ÊÑÐ — êîíå÷íî-ñèñòîëè÷åñêèé ðàçìåð
  • ÊÒ — êîìïüþòåðíàÿ òîìîãðàôèÿ
  • ÊÒÂÐ — êîìïüþòåðíàÿ òîìîãðàôèÿ âûñîêîãî ðàçðåøåíèÿ
  • ÊÒÃ — êàðäèîòîêîãðàôèÿ
  • ÊÔÊ — êðåàòèíôîñôîêèíàçà
  • ÊÙÑ — êèñëîòíî-ùåëî÷íîå ñîñòîÿíèå
  • ë — ëèòð
  • ë/î — ëîæíîîòðèöàòåëüíûé
  • ë/ï — ëîæíîïîëîæèòåëüíûé
  • ËÀ — ëåãî÷íàÿ àðòåðèÿ
  • ëàò. — ëàòèíñêèé
  • ËÃ — ëþòåèíèçèðóþùèé ãîðìîí
  • ËÄÃ — ëàêòàòäåãèäðîãåíàçà
  • ËÆ — ëåâûé æåëóäî÷åê
  • ËÎÐ — èìåþùèé îòíîøåíèå ê îòîðèíîëàðèíãîëîãèè (ËÎÐ-âðà÷, ËÎÐ-îðãàíû)
  • ËÏ — ëåêàðñòâåííûé ïðåïàðàò
  • ËÏÂÏ — ëèïîïðîòåèíû âûñîêîé ïëîòíîñòè
  • ËÏÍÏ — ëèïîïðîòåèíû íèçêîé ïëîòíîñòè
  • ËÏÎÍÏ — ëèïîïðîòåèíû î÷åíü íèçêîé ïëîòíîñòè
  • ËÏÓ — ëå÷åáíî-ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêîå ó÷ðåæäåíèå
  • ËÑ — ëåêàðñòâåííîå ñðåäñòâî
  • ËÓ — ëèìôàòè÷åñêèé óçåë, ëèìôîóçëû
  • ËÔÊ — ëå÷åáíàÿ ôèçêóëüòóðà
  • ì.á. — ìîæåò (ìîã, ìîãóò, ìîãëè) áûòü
  • Ì/Æ — ñîîòíîøåíèå ìóæ÷èí è æåíùèí
  • ìàêñÄ — ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ äîçà
  • ìàêñÍÄ — ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ íà÷àëüíàÿ äîçà
  • ìàêñÐÄ — ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ ðàçîâàÿ äîçà
  • ìàêñÑÄ — ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ ñóòî÷íàÿ äîçà
  • ÌÀÍÊ — ìåòîä àìïëèôèêàöèè íóêëåèíîâûõ êèñëîò
  • ÌÀÎ — ìîíîàìèíîêñèäàçà
  • ÌÂÏ — ìî÷åâûâîäÿùèå ïóòè ìã — ìèëëèãðàìì
  • ÌÄÁ — ìûøå÷íàÿ äèñòðîôèÿ Áåêêåðà
  • ÌÄÄ — ìûøå÷íàÿ äèñòðîôèÿ Äþøåííà
  • ÌÄÌÀ — ìåòèëåíäèîêñèìåòàìôåòàìèí
  • ME — ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿ åäèíèöà
  • ìåä. — ìåäèöèíñêèé
  • ìåñ — ìåñÿö
  • ÌÆ — ìîëî÷íàÿ æåëåçà
  • ÌÆÏ — ìåææåëóäî÷êîâàÿ ïåðåãîðîäêà
  • ÌÇ — ìèíèñòåðñòâî çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ
  • ìèí — ìèíóò(à)
  • ìèíÄ — ìèíèìàëüíàÿ äîçà
  • ìèíÑÄ — ìèíèìàëüíàÿ ñóòî÷íàÿ äîçà
  • ÌÊÁ — ìî÷åêàìåííàÿ áîëåçíü
  • ÌÊÁ-10 — Ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿ êëàññèôèêàöèÿ áîëåçíåé 10-ãî ïåðåñìîòðà
  • ÌÊÁ-11 — Ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿ êëàññèôèêàöèÿ áîëåçíåé 11-ãî ïåðåñìîòðà
  • ìê — ìèêðîâîëüò
  • ìêã — ìèêðîãðàìì
  • ÌÊÊ — ìàëûé êðóã êðîâîîáðàùåíèÿ
  • ìêë — ìèêðîëèòð
  • ìë — ìèëëèëèòð
  • ìëí — ìèëëèîí
  • ìëðä — ìèëëèàðä
  • ìì — ìèëëèìåòð
  • ìì ðò.ñò. — ìèëëèìåòð ðòóòíîãî ñòîëáà ììîëü — ìèëëèìîëü
  • ÌÍÍ — ìåæäóíàðîäíîå íåïàòåíòîâàííîå íàèìåíîâàíèå
  • ÌÍÎ — ìåæäóíàðîäíîå íîðìàëèçîâàííîå îòíîøåíèå
  • ÌÎ — ìåäèöèíñêàÿ îðãàíèçàöèÿ
  • ÌÏ — ìåäèöèíñêàÿ ïîìîùü
  • ÌÏÑ — ìî÷åïîëîâàÿ ñèñòåìà
  • ÌÐ — ìàãíèòíî-ðåçîíàíñíûé
  • ÌÐ-âåíîãðàôèÿ — ÌÐÒ âåí è ñèíóñîâ ãîëîâíîãî ìîçãà
  • ÌÐÒ — ìàãíèòíî-ðåçîíàíñíàÿ òîìîãðàôèÿ
  • ìñ — ìèëëèñåêóíäà
  • ÌÑÊÒ — ìóëüòèñïèðàëüíàÿ êîìïüþòåðíàÿ òîìîãðàôèÿ
  • ÌÑÝ — ìåäèêî-ñîöèàëüíàÿ ýêñïåðòèçà
  • ÌÒ — ìàññà òåëà
  • ìòÄÍÊ — ìèòîõîíäðèàëüíàÿ äåçîêñèðèáîíóêëåèíîâàÿ êèñëîòà
  • ÌÒÐ — ìàññà òåëà ïðè ðîæäåíèè
  • ÌÝ - ìèàëãè÷åñêèé ýíöåôàëîìèåëèò
  • í.ý. — íàøåé ýðû
  • ÍÀ — íåðâíàÿ àíîðåêñèÿ
  • ÍÀÄ — íèêîòèíàìèäàäåíèíäèíóêëåîòèä
  • ÍÀÄÍ — íèêîòèíàìèäàäåíèíäèíóêëåîòèä (âîññòàíîâëåííûé)
  • ÍÀÄÔ — íèêîòèíàìèäàäåíèíäèíóêëåîòèäôîñôàò
  • ÍÀÆÁÏ — íåàëêîãîëüíàÿ æèðîâàÿ áîëåçíü ïå÷åíè íàïð. — íàïðèìåð
  • ÍÁ — íåðâíàÿ áóëèìèÿ
  • ÍÄÎ — íåãàòèâíûé äåòñêèé îïûò
  • íåä — íåäåëè
  • íåì. — íåìåöêèé
  • íì — íàíîìåòð
  • ÍÌÈÖ — íàöèîíàëüíûé ìåäèöèíñêèé èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé öåíòð
  • ÍÌÏ — íåîòëîæíàÿ (ìåäèöèíñêàÿ) ïîìîùü
  • ÍÌÒ — íèçêàÿ ìàññà òåëà
  • ÍÏÀ — íîðìàòèâíî-ïðàâîâîé àêò
  • ÍÏÂ — íèæíÿÿ ïîëàÿ âåíà
  • ÍÏÂÑ — íåñòåðîèäíûå ïðîòèâîâîñïàëèòåëüíûå ñðåäñòâà
  • ÍÑ — íåðâíàÿ ñèñòåìà
  • ÍÑÒ - íåñòðåññîâûé òåñò
  • ÍÐÏ — íîðìû ðàöèîíà ïèòàíèÿ
  • ÍÑÃ — íåéðîñîíîãðàôèÿ
  • ÍÝÊ — íåêðîòè÷åñêèé ýíòåðîêîëèò
  • ÍßÊ — íåñïåöèôè÷åñêèé ÿçâåííûé êîëèò
  • ÎÀÊ — îáùèé àíàëèç êðîâè
  • ÎÀÌ — îáùèé àíàëèç ìî÷è
  • ÎÀÏ — îòêðûòûé àðòåðèàëüíûé ïðîòîê
  • ÎÁÏ — îðãàíû áðþøíîé ïîëîñòè
  • ÎÃÁ — îñòðàÿ ãîðíàÿ áîëåçíü
  • ÎÃÌ — îòåê ãîëîâíîãî ìîçãà
  • ÎÄÍ — îñòðàÿ äûõàòåëüíàÿ íåäîñòàòî÷íîñòü
  • ÎÆÑÑ — îáùàÿ æåëåçîñâÿçûâàþùàÿ ñïîñîáíîñòü ñûâîðîòêè
  • ÎÇ — îðãàíèçàöèÿ çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ
  • îê. — îêîëî
  • ÎÊÐ — îáñåññèâíî-êîìïóëüñèâíîå ðàññòðîéñòâî
  • ÎÊÑ — îñòðûé êîðîíàðíûé ñèíäðîì
  • ÎËË — îñòðûé ëèìôîáëàñòíûé ëåéêîç
  • ÎÌÑ — îáÿçàòåëüíîå ìåäèöèíñêîå ñòðàõîâàíèå
  • ÎÌÒ — îðãàíû ìàëîãî òàçà
  • ÎÍÌÊ — îñòðîå íàðóøåíèå ìîçãîâîãî êðîâîîáðàùåíèÿ
  • ÎÍÌÏ — îòäåëåíèå íåîòëîæíîé (ìåäèöèíñêîé) ïîìîùè
  • ÎÍÌÒ — î÷åíü íèçêàÿ ìàññà òåëà
  • ÎÎÇ — îðãàíû (îðãàíèçàöèè/óïðàâëåíèÿ) çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ
  • ÎÎÍ — Îðãàíèçàöèÿ Îáúåäèíåííûõ Íàöèé
  • ÎÏÆ — îæèäàåìàÿ ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü æèçíè
  • ÎÏÍ — îñòðàÿ ïî÷å÷íàÿ íåäîñòàòî÷íîñòü
  • ÎÏÑÑ - îáùåå ïåðèôåðè÷åñêîå ñîñóäèñòîå ñîïðîòèâëåíèå
  • ÎÐÂÈ — îñòðàÿ ðåñïèðàòîðíàÿ âèðóñíàÿ èíôåêöèÿ
  • ÎÐÄÑ — îñòðûé ðåñïèðàòîðíûé äèñòðåññ-ñèíäðîì
  • ÎÐÇ — îñòðîå ðåñïèðàòîðíîå çàáîëåâàíèå
  • ÎÐÈÒ — îòäåëåíèå ðåàíèìàöèè è èíòåíñèâíîé òåðàïèè (ICU)
  • ÎÑÂÎ — îáùåå ñîäåðæàíèå âîäû â îðãàíèçìå
  • ÎÔÂ — îáúåì ôîðñèðîâàííîãî âûäîõà
  • ÎÔÂ1 — îáúåì ôîðñèðîâàííîãî âûäîõà çà 1-þ ñåêóíäó
  • ÎÖÊ — îáúåì öèðêóëèðóþùåé êðîâè
  • ï.ç. — ïîëå çðåíèÿ (ìèêðîñêîïà)
  • ï/ê — ïîäêîæíî
  • ÏÀÂ — ïñèõîàêòèâíûå âåùåñòâà
  • ÏÂ — ïðîòðîìáèíîâîå âðåìÿ
  • ÏÂÊ — ïåðèôåðè÷åñêèé âåíîçíûé êàòåòåð
  • ÏÂË — ïåðèâåíòðèêóëÿðíàÿ ëåéêîìàëÿöèÿ
  • Ïã — ïðîñòàãëàíäèí
  • ÏÃÃ — ïðîãðàììà ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ ãàðàíòèé îêàçàíèÿ ãðàæäàíàì ÐÔ áåñïëàòíîé ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè
  • ÏÄÊÂ — ïîëîæèòåëüíîå äàâëåíèå êîíöà âûäîõà (PEEP)
  • ÏÆ — ïðàâûé æåëóäî÷åê
  • ÏÆÆ — ïîäæåëóäî÷íàÿ æåëåçà
  • ÏÆÊ — ïîäêîæíî-æèðîâàÿ êëåò÷àòêà (ãèïîäåðìà)
  • ÏÊÀ — ïî÷å÷íûé êàíàëüöåâûé àöèäîç
  • ÏÊÌÄ — ïîÿñíî-êîíå÷íîñòíàÿ ìûøå÷íàÿ äèñòðîôèÿ
  • ÏËÑÃ — ïÿòíèñòàÿ ëèõîðàäêà Ñêàëèñòûõ ãîð
  • ÏÌÄÐ — ïðåäìåíñòðóàëüíîå äèñôîðè÷åñêîå ðàññòðîéñòâî
  • ÏÌÊ — ïðîëàïñ ìèòðàëüíîãî êëàïàíà
  • ÏÌÑ — ïðåäìåíñòðóàëüíûé ñèíäðîì
  • ÏÌÑÏ — ïåðâè÷íàÿ ìåäèêî-ñàíèòàðíàÿ ïîìîùü
  • ÏÍÆÊ — ïîëèíåíàñûùåííûå æèðíûå êèñëîòû
  • ÏÎÐÈÒ— ïåäèàòðè÷åñêîå îòäåëåíèå ðåàíèìàöèè è èíòåíñèâíîé òåðàïèè
  • ÏÎÒ — ïîñòóðàëüíàÿ îðòîñòàòè÷åñêàÿ òàõèêàðäèÿ
  • ÏÏÂ — ïíåâìîêîêêîâàÿ ïîëèñàõàðèäíàÿ âàêöèíà
  • ÏÏÎÀÊ — ïðÿìûå ïåðîðàëüíûå àíòèêîàãóëÿíòû
  • ÏÏÒ — ïëîùàäü ïîâåðõíîñòè òåëà
  • ÏÑÀ — ïðîñòàòîñïåöèôè÷åñêèé àíòèãåí
  • ÏÑÂ — ïèêîâàÿ ñêîðîñòü âûäîõà
  • ÏÑÂÕ — ïðîãðåññèðóþùèé ñåìåéíûé âíóòðèïå÷åíî÷-íûé õîëåñòàç
  • ÏÒ — ïñèõîòåðàïèÿ
  • ÏÒÂ — ïðîòðîìáèíîâîå âðåìÿ
  • ÏÒÃ — ïàðàòèðåîèäíûé ãîðìîí
  • ÏÒÈ — ïðîòðîìáèíîâûé èíäåêñ
  • ÏÒÑÐ — ïîñòòðàâìàòè÷åñêîå ñòðåññîâîå ðàññòðîéñòâî
  • ÏÔÝ — ïèùåâîé ôîëàòíûé ýêâèâàëåíò
  • ÏÖÐ — ïîëèìåðàçíàÿ öåïíàÿ ðåàêöèÿ
  • ÏØÃ — ïóðïóðà Øåíëåéíà-Ãåíîõà
  • ÏÙÆ — ïàðàùèòîâèäíûå æåëåçû
  • ÏÝÒ — ïîçèòðîííî-ýìèññèîííàÿ òîìîãðàôèÿ ð/ — ðàç â ... (ñ, ìèí, ÷, ñóò è ò.ï.)
  • ÐÀ — ðåâìàòîèäíûé àðòðèò
  • ÐÀÀÑ — ðåíèí-àíãèîòåíçèí-àëüäîñòåðîíîâàÿ ñèñòåìà ðàçã. — ðàçãîâîðíîå ðàçë. — ðàçëè÷íîå
  • ÐÀÑ — ðàññòðîéñòâî àóòèñòè÷åñêîãî ñïåêòðà
  • ÐÄÑ — ðåñïèðàòîðíûé äèñòðåññ-ñèíäðîì ðèì. — ðèìñêèé
  • ÐÈÔ — ðåàêöèÿ èììóíîôëþîðåñöåíöèè
  • ÐÊÈ — ðàíäîìèçèðîâàííûå êëèíè÷åñêèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ
  • ÐÊÌÏ — ðåñòðèêòèâíàÿ êàðäèîìèîïàòèÿ
  • ÐÈÃÀ — ðåàêöèÿ íåïðÿìîé ãåìàããëþòèíàöèè
  • ÐÍ - ðåòèíîïàòèÿ íåäîíîøåííûõ
  • ÐÍÊ — ðèáîíóêëåèíîâàÿ êèñëîòà
  • ÐÍÏ - ðåêîìåíäóåìóþ íîðìó ïîòðåáëåíèÿ
  • ÐÎÃÊ — ðåíòãåíîãðàôèÿ (ðåíòãåíîãðàììà) îðãàíîâ ãðóäíîé êëåòêè
  • ÐÎËÑÍÑ — ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî îöåíêå è ëå÷åíèþ ïðè ñîðòèðîâêå â íåîòëîæíûõ ñèòóàöèÿõ
  • ÐÏÃÀ — ðåàêöèÿ ïðÿìîé ãåìàããëþòèíàöèè
  • ð-ð — ðàñòâîð
  • ð-ðèòåëü — ðàñòâîðèòåëü
  • ÐÐÊ — ðåöåïòîðû ðåòèíîåâîé êèñëîòû
  • PPM — ðàñøèðåííûå ðåàíèìàöèîííûå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ
  • ÐÑÂ — ðåñïèðàòîðíî-ñèíöèòèàëüíûé âèðóñ
  • ÐÑÄ — ðàññòðîéñòâî ñòåðåîòèïíûõ äâèæåíèé
  • ÐÑÊ — ðåàêöèÿ ñâÿçûâàíèÿ êîìïëåìåíòà
  • ÐÑÏ - ðàñ÷åòíàÿ ñðåäíÿÿ ïîòðåáíîñòü
  • ÐÒÃÀ — ðåàêöèÿ òîðìîæåíèÿ ãåìàããëþòèíàöèè
  • ÐÒÍÃÀ — ðåàêöèÿ òîðìîæåíèÿ íåïðÿìîé ãåìàããëþòèíàöèè
  • ÐÔ — Ðîññèéñêàÿ Ôåäåðàöèÿ
  • ÐÕÐ — ðåòèíîåâûå Õ-ðåöåïòîðû
  • Ð×À — ðàäèî÷àñòîòíàÿ àáëÿöèÿ
  • ÐÝÑ — ðåòèêóëîýíäîòåëèàëüíàÿ ñèñòåìà
  • ñ — ñåêóíäà
  • ñâ-âî — ñâîéñòâî
  • ÑÀÌ - ñèíäðîì àñïèðàöèè ìåêîíèÿ
  • ÑÂÄÑ — ñèíäðîì âíåçàïíîé äåòñêîé ñìåðòè
  • ÑÃß — ñèíäðîì ãèïåðñòèìóëÿöèè ÿè÷íèêîâ
  • ÑÄ — ñàõàðíûé äèàáåò
  • ÑÄ-1 — ñàõàðíûé äèàáåò 1-ãî òèïà
  • ÑÄ-2 — ñàõàðíûé äèàáåò 2-ãî òèïà
  • ÑÄÂÃ — ñèíäðîì äåôèöèòà âíèìàíèÿ è ãèïåðàêòèâíîñòè
  • ÑÅ — ñóáúåäèíèöà
  • ÑÆÊ — ñâîáîäíûå æèðíûå êèñëîòû
  • ÑÇÄ - ñëóæáà çàùèòû äåòåé
  • ÑÇÑÒ — ñèñòåìíîå(ûå) çàáîëåâàíèå(ÿ) ñîåäèíèòåëüíîé òêàíè
  • ÑÈÇ — ñðåäñòâà èíäèâèäóàëüíîé çàùèòû
  • ÑÈÎÇÑ— ñåëåêòèâíûé èíãèáèòîð îáðàòíîãî çàõâàòà ñåðîòîíèíà
  • ÑÈÎÇÑÍ — ñåëåêòèâíûå èíãèáèòîðû îáðàòíîãî çàõâàòà ñåðîòîíèíà è íîðýïèíåôðèíà
  • ÑÊÀ — ñåðïîâèäíî-êëåòî÷íàÿ àíåìèÿ
  • ÑÊ — ñåðïîâèäíî-êëåòî÷íàÿ áîëåçíü
  • ÑÊ — ñèñòåìíàÿ êðàñíàÿ âîë÷àíêà
  • ÑÊÔ — ñêîðîñòü êëóáî÷êîâîé ôèëüòðàöèè
  • ÑËÐ — ñåðäå÷íî-ëåãî÷íàÿ ðåàíèìàöèÿ
  • ñì — ñàíòèìåòð
  • ñì âîä.ñò. — ñàíòèìåòð âîäÿíîãî ñòîëáà
  • ÑÌÆ — ñïèííîìîçãîâàÿ æèäêîñòü
  • ÑÌÈ — ñðåäñòâà ìàññîâîé èíôîðìàöèè
  • ÑÌÎ — ñòðàõîâàÿ ìåäèöèíñêàÿ îðãàíèçàöèÿ
  • ÑÌÏ — ñêîðàÿ ìåäèöèíñêàÿ ïîìîùü
  • ÑÌÝ — ñóäåáíî-ìåäèöèíñêàÿ ýêñïåðòèçà
  • ÑÍ — ñåðäå÷íàÿ íåäîñòàòî÷íîñòü
  • ÑÍÑÀÄÃ — ñèíäðîì íåàäåêâàòíîé ñåêðåöèè ÀÄÃ
  • ÑÎÀÑ — ñèíäðîì îáñòðóêòèâíîãî àïíîý ñíà (âî ñíå) ñîâð. — ñîâðåìåííûé
  • ÑÎÝ — ñêîðîñòü îñåäàíèÿ ýðèòðîöèòîâ
  • ÑÏÈÄ — ñèíäðîì ïðèîáðåòåííîãî èììóíîäåôèöèòà
  • ÑÏÊß — ñèíäðîì ïîëèêèñòîçíûõ ÿè÷íèêîâ
  • ÑÏÎÍ — ñèíäðîì ïîëèîðãàííîé íåäîñòàòî÷íîñòè
  • ÑÐÂ — Ñ-ðåàêòèâíûé áåëîê
  • ÑÐÊ — ñèíäðîì ðàçäðàæåííîãî êèøå÷íèêà
  • ÑðÑÄ — ñðåäíÿÿ ñóòî÷íàÿ äîçà
  • ÑÑÂ — ñèíäðîì Ñòåðäæà-Âåáåðà
  • ÑÑÂÐ — ñèíäðîì ñèñòåìíîé âîñïàëèòåëüíîé ðåàêöèè
  • ÑÑÇ — ñåðäå÷íî-ñîñóäèñòûå çàáîëåâàíèÿ
  • ÑÑÑ — ñåðäå÷íî-ñîñóäèñòàÿ ñèñòåìà
  • ÑÑÑÓ — ñèíäðîì ñëàáîñòè ñèíóñîâîãî óçëà
  • ÑÒ — Ñèíäðîì Òóðåòòà
  • ÑÒÃ — ñîìàòîòðîïíûé ãîðìîí
  • ÑÒÐ — ñòîéêîå (õðîíè÷åñêîå) ìîòîðíîå èëè âîêàëüíîå òèêîçíîå ðàññòðîéñòâî
  • ñóò — ñóòêè
  • ÑÕÓ — ñèíäðîì õðîíè÷åñêîé óñòàëîñòè
  • ò.ä. — òàê äàëåå
  • ò.å. — òî åñòü
  • ò.ê. — òàê êàê
  • ò.î. — òàêèì îáðàçîì
  • ò.ï. — òîìó ïîäîáíîå
  • Ò3 — òðèéîäòèðîíèí
  • Ò4 — òèðîêñèí
  • ÒÀÍÊ — òåñò àìïëèôèêàöèè íóêëåèíîâûõ êèñëîò
  • ÒÁÑ — òàçîáåäðåííûé ñóñòàâ
  • ÒÃÂ — òðîìáîç ãëóáîêèõ âåí
  • ÒÃÑÊ — òðàíñïëàíòàöèÿ ãåìîïîýòè÷åñêèõ ñòâîëîâûõ êëåòîê
  • ÒÈÀ — òðàíçèòîðíàÿ èøåìè÷åñêàÿ àòàêà
  • ÒÈÀÁ — òîíêîèãîëüíàÿ àñïèðàöèîííàÿ áèîïñèÿ
  • ÒÌÎ — òâåðäàÿ ìîçãîâàÿ îáîëî÷êà
  • TH — òîðãîâîå íàèìåíîâàíèå ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâ
  • ÒÏÃÃ — òåððèòîðèàëüíàÿ ïðîãðàììà ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ ãàðàíòèé îêàçàíèÿ ãðàæäàíàì ÐÔ áåñïëàòíîé ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè
  • ÒÏÌ — òðàâìàòè÷åñêîå ïîâðåæäåíèå ìîçãà
  • ÒÒ — òåìïåðàòóðà òåëà
  • ÒÒÃ — òèðåîòðîïíûé ãîðìîí
  • ÒÔÐ — òðàíñôîðìèðóþùèé ôàêòîð ðîñòà
  • ÒÖÀ — òðèöèêëè÷åñêèå àíòèäåïðåññàíòû
  • òûñ. — òûñÿ÷à
  • ÒÝÄ —òðàíçèòîðíàÿ ýðèòðîáëàñòîïåíèÿ äåòñêîãî âîçðàñòà
  • ÒÝËÀ — òðîìáîýìáîëèÿ ëåãî÷íîé àðòåðèè
  • ÒÝÎ — òðîìáîýìáîëè÷åñêèå îñëîæíåíèÿ
  • ÓÇÄÑ — óëüòðàçâóêîâîå äóïëåêñíîå ñêàíèðîâàíèå
  • ÓÇÈ — óëüòðàçâóêîâîå èññëåäîâàíèå
  • óñòàð. — óñòàðåâøåå
  • ÓÔ — óëüòðàôèîëåòîâûé
  • ÓÔÎ — óëüòðàôèîëåòîâîå îáëó÷åíèå
  • ÔÀÏ — ôåëüäøåðñêî-àêóøåðñêèé ïóíêò
  • ÔÂ — ôðàêöèÿ âûáðîñà
  • ÔÂÄ — ôóíêöèè âíåøíåãî äûõàíèÿ
  • ÔÆÅË — ôîðñèðîâàííàÿ æèçíåííàÿ åìêîñòü ëåãêèõ
  • ÔÇ — Ôåäåðàëüíûé çàêîí
  • ôèçèîë. — ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêèé
  • ÔÊ — ôóíêöèîíàëüíûé êëàññ
  • ÔÊÑ — ôèáðîêîëîíîñêîïèÿ
  • ÔÊÓ — ôåíèëêåòîíóðèÿ
  • ÔÍ — ôèçè÷åñêàÿ íàãðóçêà
  • ÔÈÎ — ôàêòîð íåêðîçà îïóõîëè
  • ÔÎÌÑ — ôåäåðàëüíûé ôîíä îáÿçàòåëüíîãî ìåäèöèíñêîãî ñòðàõîâàíèÿ
  • ÔÎÑ — ôîñôîðîðãàíè÷åñêèå ñîåäèíåíèÿ
  • ÔÏ — ôèáðèëëÿöèÿ ïðåäñåðäèé
  • ôð. — ôðàíöóçñêèé
  • ÔÑÃ — ôîëëèêóëîñòèìóëèðóþùèé ãîðìîí
  • ÔÝÃÄÑ — ôèáðîýçîôàãîãàñòðîäóîäåíîñêîïèÿ
  • ÕÁÏ — õðîíè÷åñêàÿ áîëåçíü ïî÷åê
  • ÕÃ× — õîðèîíè÷åñêèé ãîíàäîòðîïèí ÷åëîâåêà
  • ÕÄÍ — õðîíè÷åñêàÿ äûõàòåëüíàÿ íåäîñòàòî÷íîñòü
  • õèì. — õèìè÷åñêàÿ
  • ÕÍÇË —õðîíè÷åñêèå íåñïåöèôè÷åñêèå çàáîëåâàíèÿ ëåãêèõ
  • ÕÎÁË — õðîíè÷åñêàÿ îáñòðóêòèâíàÿ áîëåçíü ëåãêèõ
  • ÕÏÍ — õðîíè÷åñêàÿ ïî÷å÷íàÿ íåäîñòàòî÷íîñòü
  • ÕÑ — õîëåñòåðèí
  • ÕÑÍ — õðîíè÷åñêàÿ ñåðäå÷íàÿ íåäîñòàòî÷íîñòü
  • XT — õèìèîòåðàïèÿ
  • ÖÂÄ — öåíòðàëüíîå âåíîçíîå äàâëåíèå
  • ÖÂÊ — öåíòðàëüíûé âåíîçíûé êàòåòåð
  • ÖÈÊ — öèðêóëèðóþùèå èììóííûå êîìïëåêñû
  • ÖÌÂ — öèòîìåãàëîâèðóñ
  • ÖÍÑ — öåíòðàëüíàÿ íåðâíàÿ ñèñòåìà
  • ÖÎÃ — öèêëîîêñèãåíàçà
  • ÖÏÄ — öåðåáðàëüíîå ïåðôóçèîííîå äàâëåíèå
  • ÖÑÒÑ — öåðåáðàëüíûé ñîëüòåðÿþùèé ñèíäðîì ÷ — ÷àñ
  • ×Ä — ÷àñòîòà äûõàíèÿ
  • ×ÄÄ — ÷àñòîòà äûõàòåëüíûõ äâèæåíèé
  • ×Ê — ÷ðåñêîæíîå êîðîíàðíîå âìåøàòåëüñòâî
  • ×ÌÍ — ÷åðåïíî-ìîçãîâûå íåðâû
  • ×ÌÒ — ÷åðåïíî-ìîçãîâàÿ òðàâìà
  • ×Í — ÷åðåïíûå íåðâû
  • ×Ñ — ÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòü/ñïåöèôè÷íîñòü (×Ñ 97%/87%)
  • ×ÑÑ — ÷àñòîòà ñåðäå÷íûõ ñîêðàùåíèé
  • ×ÑÑÏ - ÷àñòîòà ñåðäå÷íûõ ñîêðàùåíèé ïëîäà
  • ×Ò — ÷àñòè÷íîå òðîìáîïëàñòèíîâîå âðåìÿ
  • ØÊÃ — øêàëà êîìû Ãëàçãî
  • ØÎÏ — øåéíûé îòäåë ïîçâîíî÷íèêà
  • ÙÆ — ùèòîâèäíàÿ æåëåçà
  • ÃÖÔ — ùåëî÷íàÿ ôîñôàòàçà
  • ÝÀÐ — ýêâèâàëåíò àêòèâíîñòè ðåòèíîëà
  • ÝÄÒÀ — ýòèëåíäèàìèíòåòðàóêñóñíàÿ êèñëîòà (ýòèëåíäèàìèíòåòðààöåòàò)
  • ÝÊÃ — ýëåêòðîêàðäèîãðàôèÿ
  • ÝÊÌÎ — ýêñòðàêîðïîðàëüíàÿ ìåìáðàííàÿ îêñèãåíàöèÿ
  • ÝÊÎ — ýêñòðàêîðïîðàëüíîå îïëîäîòâîðåíèå
  • ÝÊÑ — ýëåêòðîêàðäèîñòèìóëÿòîð, ýëåêãðîêàðäèîñòèìóëÿöèÿ
  • ÝÌÃ — ýëåêòðîìèîãðàôèÿ
  • ÝÌÊ — ýëåêòðîííàÿ ìåäèöèíñêàÿ êàðòà
  • ÝÌÏ — ýêñòðåííàÿ ìåäèöèíñêàÿ ïîìîùü
  • ÝÍÌÏ — ýêñòðåííàÿ è íåîòëîæíàÿ ìåäèöèíñêàÿ ïîìîùü
  • ÝÍÌÒ — ýêñòðåìàëüíî íèçêàÿ ìàññà òåëà
  • ÝÒÒ — ýíäîòðàõåàëüíàÿ òðóáêà
  • ÝõîÊà — ýõîêàðäèîãðàôèÿ
  • ÝÝÃ — ýëåêòðîýíöåôàëîãðàôèÿ
  • ÞÄÌ — þâåíèëüíûé äåðìàòîìèîçèò
  • ÞÈÀ — þâåíèëüíûé èäèîïàòè÷åñêèé àðòðèò
  • ßÁ — ÿçâåííàÿ áîëåçíü
  • ÀÀ — àìèëîèä A (amyloid À)
  • ÀÀÐ — Àìåðèêàíñêàÿ àêàäåìèÿ ïåäèàòðèè (American Academy of Pediatrics)
  • ABC — àëãîðèòì íåîòëîæíîé ïîìîùè «äûõàòåëüíûå ïóòè-äûõàíèå-êðîâîîáðàùåíèå» (Airways-Breathing-Circulation)
  • ÀÂÑÀ3 — áåëêîâûé ÷ëåí ÀÒÔ-ñâÿçûâàþùåé êàññåòû À3
  • ÀÂÑÂ11— ãåí ÀÒÔ-ñâÿçûâàþùåé êàññåòû, 11-é ÷ëåí ïîäñåìåéñòâà  (ATP-binding cassette, sub-family  member 11)
  • ÀÂÑÂ4 — ãåí ÀÒÔ-ñâÿçûâàþùåé êàññåòû, 4-é ÷ëåí ïîäñåìåéñòâà  (ATP-binding cassette 4 gene)
  • ÀÂÑÑ2 — ãåí, êîäèðóþùèé 2-é ÷ëåí ïîäñåìåéñòâà Ñ ÀÒÔ-ñâÿçûâàþùèõ êàññåò (ATP-binding cassette sub-family Ñ member 2)
  • ABCDE — àëãîðèòì íåîòëîæíîé ïîìîùè «äûõàòåëüíûå ïóòè-äûõàíèå-êðîâîîáðàùåíèå-íåâðîëîãè÷åñêèé ñòàòóñ-âíåøíèé âèä» (Airways-Breathing-Circulation-Disability- Exposure)
  • ABCG5/G8 — ãåòåðîäèìåð ïåðåíîñ÷èêà ÀÒÔ-ñâÿçûâàþùåé êàññåòû ABCG5 è ABCG8 (The heterodimer of ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG5 and ABCG8)
  • AC — äî åäû (ïðè íàçíà÷åíèÿõ) — ante cibum
  • ÀÑÅÐ — Àìåðèêàíñêàÿ êîëëåãèÿ âðà÷åé íåîòëîæíîé ïîìîùè (American College of Emergency Physicians)
  • ACOG — Àìåðèêàíñêàÿ êîëëåãèÿ àêóøåðîâ è ãèíåêîëîãîâ (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists)
  • AHA — Àìåðèêàíñêàÿ êàðäèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ àññîöèàöèÿ (American Heart Association)
  • ALTE — î÷åâèäíîå îïàñíîå äëÿ æèçíè ñîáûòèå (apparent life-threatening event)
  • APLS — êóðñû ðàñøèðåííûõ ðåàíèìàöèîííûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé â ïåäèàòðèè, ñïîíñèðóåìûå Àìåðèêàíñêîé àêàäåìèåé ïåäèàòðèè è Àìåðèêàíñêîé êîëëåãèåé âðà÷åé íåîòëîæíîé ïîìîùè (Advanced Pediatric Life Support)
  • ARPKD — àóòîñîìíî-ðåöåññèâíûé ïîëèêèñòîç ïî÷åê
  • ASCVD-ðèñê — ðèñê ðàçâèòèÿ àòåðîñêëåðîòè÷åñêîãî ñåðäå÷íî-ñîñóäèñòîãî çàáîëåâàíèÿ (ArterioSclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, ASCVD)
  • AVPU — øêàëà äëÿ îöåíêè óðîâíÿ ñîçíàíèÿ («â ÿñíîì ñîçíàíèè»; «ðåàêöèÿ íà âåðáàëüíûå ðàçäðàæèòåëè»; «ðåàêöèÿ íà áîëü»; «áåç ñîçíàíèÿ») (alert, verbal, pain, unresponsive)
  • BCS — ìèòîõîíäðèàëüíûé øàïåðîí BCS1 (mitochondrial chaperone BCS1)
  • BIN — áèíîìèíàëüíàÿ íîìåíêëàòóðà «æèâîé» ïðèðîäû
  • BiPAP — ðåæèì èñêóññòâåííîé âåíòèëÿöèè ëåãêèõ ñ äâóìÿ óðîâíÿìè ïîëîæèòåëüíîãî äàâëåíèÿ (bilevel positive airway pressure) = ÂÐÀÐ
  • BNP — íàòðèéóðåòè÷åñêèé ïåïòèä Â-òèïà — ìîçãîâîé ( (brain)-type natriuretic peptide)
  • BRUE — áûñòðî ðàçðåøèâøèåñÿ íåîáúÿñíèìûå ñîáûòèÿ (Brief resolved unexplained events)
  • BSEP — íàñîñ âûâåäåíèÿ ñîëåé æåë÷íûõ êèñëîò
  • CADASIL — öåðåáðàëüíàÿ àóòîñîìíî-äîìèíàíòíàÿ àðòåðèîïàòèÿ ñ ïîäêîðêîâûìè èíôàðêòàìè è ëåéêîýíöåôàëîïàòèåé (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy)
  • CAPS — êðèîïèðèí-àññîöèèðîâàííûé ïåðèîäè÷åñêèé ñèíäðîì (cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome)
  • CBIT — êîìïëåêñíîå ïîâåäåí÷åñêîå âîçäåéñòâèå ïðè òèêàõ (Comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics)
  • CD — êëàñòåðû äèôôåðåíöèðîâêè (clusters of differentiation)
  • CDC — Öåíòð ïî êîíòðîëþ è ïðîôèëàêòèêå çàáîëåâàíèé, ÑØÀ (Center for Disease Control and Prevention)
  • CDG — âðîæäåííûå íàðóøåíèÿ ãëèêîçèëèðîâàíèÿ (Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation)
  • CFTR — òðàíñìåìáðàííûé ðåãóëÿòîð ìóêîâèñöèäîçà (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator)
  • CH — ãåìîëèòè÷åñêèé êîìïëåìåíò (hemolytic complement)
  • CLLS — øêàëà îöåíêè îñòðîé ãîðíîé áîëåçíè îçåðà Ëóèç ó äåòåé (Childrens Lake Louise Score)
  • CMT — Øàðêî-Ìàðè-Òóòà áîëåçíü (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease)
  • ÑÐÀÐ — ïîñòîÿííîå ïîëîæèòåëüíîå äàâëåíèå â äûõàòåëüíûõ ïóòÿõ (Constant Positive Airway Pressure)
  • CYP — öèòîõðîì îáùèé
  • DAF — ôàêòîð óñêîðåíèÿ ðàñïàäà (decay-accelerating factor)
  • DGAT1 —äèàöèëãëèöåðèí-1-àöèëòðàíñôåðàçà (diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1)
  • DHR — äèãèäðîðîäàìèí (dihydrorhodamine)
  • DSM — Äèàãíîñòè÷åñêîå è ñòàòèñòè÷åñêîå ðóêîâîäñòâî ïî ïñèõè÷åñêèì ðàññòðîéñòâàì (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)
  • EAST syndrome — ýïèëåïñèÿ, àòàêñèÿ, ñåíñîíåâðàëüíàÿ òóãîóõîñòü è òóáóëîïàòèÿ (epilepsy, ataxia, sensorineural hearing loss, and tubulopath)
  • EBM — äîêàçàòåëüíàÿ ìåäèöèíà (Evidence based medicine)
  • EPCAM— ìîëåêóëà àäãåçèè ýïèòåëèàëüíûõ êëåòîê (epithelial cell adhesion molecule)
  • ESC — Åâðîïåéñêîå îáùåñòâî êàðäèîëîãèè (European Society of Cardiology)
  • EXIT — ëå÷åíèå âíå ìàòêè âî âðåìÿ ðîäîâ (Ex utero intrapartum treatment)
  • FAST — ñôîêóñèðîâàííàÿ ñîíîãðàôèÿ áðþøíîé ïîëîñòè ïðè òðàâìå (focused assessment with sonography in trauma)
  • FDA — Êîìèòåò ïî êîíòðîëþ çà ëåêàðñòâåííûìè âåùåñòâàìè è ïèùåâûìè äîáàâêàìè, ÑØÀ (Food and Drug Administration)
  • FFR — ôðàêöèîííûé ðåçåðâ êðîâîòîêà (Fractional Flow Reserve)
  • FGF-23 — ôàêòîð ðîñòà ôèáðîáëàñòîâ-23 (Fibroblast growth factor-23)
  • FIC 1 —ñåìåéíûé âíóòðèïå÷åíî÷íûé õîëåñòàç 1-ãî òèïà, áîëåçíü Áàéëåðà (familial intrahepatic cholestasis)
  • FiO2 — ôðàêöèÿ êèñëîðîäà (âî âäûõàåìîì âîçäóõå, ãàçîâîé ñìåñè)
  • FISH — ôëóîðåñöåíòíàÿ in situ ãèáðèäèçàöèÿ (fluorescence in situ hybridization)
  • FLAIR — âîññòàíîâëåíèå èíâåðñèè ñ îñëàáëåíèåì æèäêîñòè (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery)
  • FMF — ñåìåéíàÿ ñðåäèçåìíîìîðñêàÿ ëèõîðàäêà (Familial Mediterranean fever)
  • GATA — gata-ñâÿçûâàþùèé áåëîê
  • HADH — ãèäðîêñèëàöèë-ÊîÀ-äåãèäðîãåíàçà (Hydro-xyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase)
  • HAV — âèðóñ ãåïàòèòà Â (hepatitis A virus)
  • Hb — ãåìîãëîáèí
  • HBcAg — ñåðäöåâèííûé àíòèãåí âèðóñà ãåïàòèòà Â
  • HBeAg — àíòèãåí âèðóñà ãåïàòèòà Â
  • HBsAg — ïîâåðõíîñòíûé àíòèãåí âèðóñà ãåïàòèòà Â
  • HBV — âèðóñ ãåïàòèòà  (hepatitis  virus)
  • HCV — âèðóñ ãåïàòèòà Ñ (hepatitis Ñ virus)
  • HDV — âèðóñ ãåïàòèòà D (hepatitis D virus)
  • HFNC — íàçàëüíûå êàíþëè âûñîêîãî ïîòîêà (heated, high-flow nasal cannula)
  • Hib — ãåìîôèëüíàÿ ïàëî÷êà òèïà  (Haemophilus influenzae  type)
  • HLA — ëåéêîöèòàðíûå àíòèãåíû (ãëàâíîãî êîìïëåêñà ãèñòîñîâìåñòèìîñòè) ÷åëîâåêà (human leukocyte antigens)
  • HR — îòíîøåíèå ðèñêîâ (hazard ratio)
  • HRT — òåðàïèÿ îòìåíû ïðèâû÷êè (Habit reversal therapy)
  • Ht — ãåìàòîêðèò
  • HTLV — Ò-ëèìôîòðîïíûé âèðóñ ÷åëîâåêà (human T-lymphotropic virus)
  • Ig — èììóíîãëîáóëèí
  • IgA — èììóíîãëîáóëèí A
  • IgE — èììóíîãëîáóëèí E
  • IgG — èììóíîãëîáóëèí G
  • IgM — èììóíîãëîáóëèí M
  • IL — èíòåðëåéêèí
  • IPEX — Õ-ñöåïëåííûé ñèíäðîì èììóííîé äèñðå-ãóëÿöèè, ïîëèýíäîêðèíîïàòèè è ýíòåðîïàòèè (Immunedysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy, X-linked)
  • IQ — êîýôôèöèåíò óìñòâåííîãî ðàçâèòèÿ (intelligence quotient)
  • JAK — ÿíóñ-êèíàçà (Janus kinase)
  • LFA — àíòèãåí, àêòèâèðóþùèé ôóíêöèþ ëåéêîöèòîâ (Lymphocyte function-associated antigen)
  • LT — ëåéêîòðèåí
  • MALT — ëèìôîèäíàÿ òêàíü ñëèçèñòîé îáîëî÷êè (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)
  • MASP — ÌÑË-àññîöèèðîâàííàÿ ñåðèíîâàÿ ïðîòåàçà (MBL-associated serine protease)
  • MBL — ìàííîçî-ñâÿçûâàþùèé ëåêòèí (mannose-
  • binding lectin)
  • MCP — ìåìáðàííûé áåëîê-êîôàêòîð (membrane cofactor protein)
  • MDR3 — áåëîê ìíîæåñòâåííîé ëåêàðñòâåííîé óñòîé÷èâîñòè 3 (multidrug resistance protein 3)
  • MELAS — ìèòîõîíäðèàëüíàÿ ýíöåôàëîïàòèÿ, ëàêòîàöèäîç è èíñóëüòîïîäîáíûå ýïèçîäû (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes)
  • MERRF — ìèîêëîíè÷åñêàÿ ýïèëåïñèÿ ñ ðâàíûìè êðàñíûìè âîëîêíàìè (Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers)
  • Mr — êàæóùàÿñÿ ìîëåêóëÿðíàÿ ìàññà
  • MRP — áåëîê ñ ìíîæåñòâåííîé ëåêàðñòâåííîé óñòîé÷èâîñòüþ (multidrug-resistant protein)
  • MRSA — ìåòèöèëëèíðåçèñòåíòíûé çîëîòèñòûé ñòàôèëîêîêê
  • MSSA — ìåòèöèëëèí÷óâñòâèòåëüíûé çîëîòèñòûé ñòàôèëîêîêê
  • NB! — âàæíî, îáðàòèòü âíèìàíèå (Nota bene)
  • NICE — Íàöèîíàëüíûé èíñòèòóò çäîðîâüÿ è êëèíè÷åñêîãî ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèÿ (êà÷åñòâà ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè) Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence)
  • NK — åñòåñòâåííûå êëåòêè-êèëëåðû (natural killer)
  • NMDA — N-ìåòèë-D-àñïàðòàò (N-methyl-D-aspartate)
  • NMDA — N-ìåòèë-D-àñïàðòàòíûå ðåöåïòîðû
  • NNT — ÷èñëî áîëüíûõ, êîòîðûõ íåîáõîäèìî ïðîëå÷èòü, ÷òîáû äîñòè÷ü êàêîãî-òî óêàçàííîãî ýôôåêòà (Number Need to Treatment)
  • OR — îòíîøåíèå øàíñîâ (odds ratio)
  • paCO2 — ïàðöèàëüíîå äàâëåíèå óãëåêèñëîãî ãàçà â àðòåðèàëüíîé êðîâè
  • PALS — êóðñû ðàñøèðåííûõ ðåàíèìàöèîííûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé â ïåäèàòðèè (Pediatric Advanced Life Support)
  • PANDAS — àóòîèììóííîå íåéðîïñèõèàòðè÷åñêîå ðàññòðîéñòâî â äåòñêîì âîçðàñòå, àññîöèèðîâàííîå ñî ñòðåïòîêîêêîâîé èíôåêöèåé (Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infection)
  • PANS — îñòðûé íåéðîïñèõèàòðè÷åñêèé ñèíäðîì â äåòñêîì âîçðàñòå (Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome)
  • paO2 — ïàðöèàëüíîå äàâëåíèå êèñëîðîäà â àðòåðèàëüíîé êðîâè
  • PAS — ôóêñèíñåðíèñòàÿ êèñëîòà, ðåàêòèâ Øèôôà (periodic acid-Shiff)
  • PC — ïîñëå åäû (ïðè íàçíà÷åíèÿõ) — post cibum ðÑO2 — ïàðöèàëüíîå äàâëåíèå óãëåêèñëîãî ãàçà
  • PCSK-9 — ïðîïðîòåèíîâàÿ êîíâåðòàçà ñóáòèëèçèí-êåêñè-íîâîãî òèïà 9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/ kexin type 9)
  • PFAPA — ïåðèîäè÷åñêàÿ ëèõîðàäêà ñ àôòîçíûì ñòîìàòèòîì, ôàðèíãèòîì è ëèìôàäåíèòîì (Periodic Fevers with Aphthous stomatitis, Pharyngitis and Adenitis)
  • PFIC — ñåìåéíûé âíóòðèïå÷åíî÷íûé õîëåñòàç (familial intrahepatic cholestasis)
  • Pg — ïðîñòàãëàíäèí
  • pH — âîäîðîäíûé ïîêàçàòåëü
  • PIM — ïîêàçàòåëü ëåòàëüíîãî èñõîäà ó äåòåé (Pediatric Index of Mortality)
  • piO2 — ïàðöèàëüíîå äàâëåíèå êèñëîðîäà âî âäûõàåìîì
  • âîçäóõå
  • ðO2 — ïàðöèàëüíîå äàâëåíèå êèñëîðîäà
  • POLG — ñóáúåäèíèöà ÄÍÊ-ïîëèìåðàçû ó
  • PRISA II — îöåíêà ðèñêà ãîñïèòàëèçàöèè ó äåòåé II (Pediatric Risk of Admission)
  • PRISM — ðèñê ëåòàëüíîãî èñõîäà ó äåòåé (Pediatric Risk of Mortality)
  • PRN — ïðè (ïî) íåîáõîäèìîñòè (Pro re nata — ïðè âîçíèêíîâåíèè îáñòîÿòåëüñòâ)
  • PRSS — ãåí ñåðèíîâîé ïðîòåàçû
  • PS. — ïðèìå÷àíèå (Post scriptum)
  • PUVA-òåðàïèÿ — ïñîðàëåí-óëüòðàôèîëåò À-òåðàïèÿ (psoralen and ultraviolet À)
  • Q#H — êàæäûå # ÷àñîâ (ïðè íàçíà÷åíèÿõ) — quaque ... hora
  • QAM — êàæäîå óòðî (ïðè íàçíà÷åíèÿõ) — quaque ante meridiem
  • QPM — êàæäûé âå÷åð (ïðè íàçíà÷åíèÿõ) — quaque post meridiem
  • RAG — ãåí, àêòèâèðóþùèé ðåêîìáèíàçó
  • RePEAT— ïåðåñìîòðåííûé èíñòðóìåíò äëÿ îöåíêè ïåäèàòðè÷åñêîé íåîòëîæíîé ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè (Revised Pediatric Emergency Assessment Tool)
  • RF — ðåâìàòîèäíûé ôàêòîð
  • Rh — ðåçóñ(-ôàêòîð)
  • Rh«-» — ðåçóñ-îòðèöàòåëüí(ûé)
  • Rh«+» — ðåçóñ-ïîëîæèòåëüí(ûé)
  • ROHHAD — áûñòðî ðàçâèâàþùååñÿ îæèðåíèå ñ äèñôóíêöèåé ãèïîòàëàìóñà, ãèïîâåíòèëÿöèåé è ñïîíòàííîé äèñðåãóëÿöèåé (rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation and autonomic dysregulation)
  • RR — îòíîñèòåëüíûé ðèñê (relative risk èëè risk ratio) RW — ðåàêöèÿ Âàññåðìàíà (reaction of Wassermann)
  • SaO2 — ñàòóðàöèÿ àðòåðèàëüíîé êðîâè êèñëîðîäîì SatO2 — íàñûùåíèå êðîâè êèñëîðîäîì
  • ScvO2 — íàñûùåíèå êèñëîðîäîì öåíòðàëüíîé âåíîçíîé êðîâè (Central venous oxygen saturation)
  • SD — ñòàíäàðòíîå îòêëîíåíèå (standart deviation) SFTPA — ãåí ñóðôàêòàíòíîãî áåëêà A
  • SFTPB — ãåí ñóðôàêòàíòíîãî áåëêà Â
  • SFTPC — ãåí ñóðôàêòàíòíîãî áåëêà Ñ
  • SPINK — èíãèáèòîð ñåðèíîâîé ïðîòåàçû
  • SpO2 — íàñûùåíèå (ñàòóðàöèÿ) ãåìîãëîáèíà êèñëîðîäîì spp. — âèäû (ïðè ðîäîâîì èìåíè ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ)
  • Src. — èñòî÷íèê èíôîðìàöèè, áèáëèîãðàôè÷åñêàÿ ññûëêà (source)
  • STAT1 — ñèãíàëüíûé ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëü è àêòèâàòîð òðàíñêðèïöèè 1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription)
  • TA — ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿ àíàòîìè÷åñêàÿ òåðìèíîëîãèÿ TCR — T-êëåòî÷íûé ðåöåïòîð (T-cell receptor)
  • TLRs — Òîëë-ïîäîáíûå ðåöåïòîðû (Toll-like receptors) TNF — ôàêòîð íåêðîçà îïóõîëè (tumor necrosis factor)
  • TORCH — òîêñîïëàçìîç, êðàñíóõà, öèòîìåãàëîâèðóñíàÿ èíôåêöèÿ, ãåðïåñ è äðóãèå èíôåêöèè (Toxoplasmosis, Other infections, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus Herpes simplex)
  • TPM — ìóòàöèÿ òðîïîìèîçèíà (mutation of the tropomyosin)
  • TRAP — ñèíäðîì îáðàòíîé àðòåðèàëüíîé ïåðôóçèè áëèçíåöîâ (twin reversed arterial perfusion)
  • TRAPS — ïåðèîäè÷åñêèé ñèíäðîì, àññîöèèðîâàííûé ñ ðåöåïòîðîì ôàêòîðà íåêðîçà îïóõîëè (Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Periodic Syndrome)
  • ™ — òîðãîâàÿ ìàðêà
  • URL — èíòåðíåò-ññûëêà, àäðåñ èíòåðíåò-ðåñóðñà (Uniform Resource Locator)
  • VEGF — ôàêòîð ðîñòà ýíäîòåëèÿ ñîñóäîâ (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)
  • WPW — ñèíäðîì Âîëüôà-Ïàðêèíñîíà-Óàéòà (Wolff-Parkinson-White)
  • XLA — Õ-ñöåïëåííàÿ àãàììàãëîáóëèíåìèÿ (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
  • aDG-RD — äèñòðîôèè, ñâÿçàííûå ñ a-äèñòðîãëèêàíàìè (alpha dystroglycan-related dystrophies)
  • β-ÕÃ× — β-ñóáúåäèíèöà õîðèîíè÷åñêîãî ãîíàäîòðîïèíà ÷åëîâåêà

 õîäå ïîäãîòîâêè ñòàòåé ïî äåòñêîé êàðäèîëîãèè â ïåäèàòðèè äëÿ ïîëüçîâàòåëåé ñàéòà ÌåäÓíèâåð èñïîëüçîâàíû òðóäû ñëåäóþùèõ àâòîðîâ:

  1. Boettger T, Braun T: A new level of complexity: the role of microRNAs in cardiovascular development, Circ Res 110:1000–1013, 2012.
  2. Watkins DA, Johnson CO, Colquhoan SM, et al: Global, regional, and national burden of rheumatic heart disease, 1990–2015, N Engl J Med 377(8):713–722, 2017.
  3. Yacoub M, Mayosi B, ElGuindy A, et al: Eliminating acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease, Lancet 390:212–213, 2017.
  4. Zuhlke LJ, Beaton A, Engel ME, et al: Group a Streptococcus, acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: epidemiology and clinical considerations, Curr Treat Options Cardio Med 19:15, 2017.
  5. Bloom MW, Hamo CE, Cardinale D, et al: Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Part 1. Definitions, pathophysiology, risk factors, and imaging, Circ Heart Fail 9:e002661, 2016.
  6. Char DS, Lazaro-Munoz G, Barnes A, et al: Genomic contraindications for heart transplantation, Pediatrics 139(4):e20163471, 2017.
  7. Ehrhardt MJ, Fulbright JM, Armenian SH: Cardiomyopathy in childhood cancer survivors: lessons from the past and challenges for the future, Curr Oncol Rep 18:22, 2016.
  8. Enns GM: Pediatric mitochondrial diseases and the heart, Curr Opin Pediatr 29:541–551, 2017.
  9. Everitt MD, Sleeper LA, Lu M, et al: Recovery of echocardiographic function in children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: results from the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry, J Am Coll Cardiol 63:1405–1413, 2014.
  10. Hsu DT: Cardiac manifestations of neuromuscular disorders in children, Paediatr Respir Rev 11:35–38, 2010.
  11. Limongelli G, D'Alessandro R, Maddaloni V, et al: Skeletal muscle involvement in cardiomyopathies, J Cardiovasc Med 14:837–861, 2013.
  12. Patel MD, Mohan J, Schneider C, et al: Pediatric and adult dilated cardiomyopathy represent distinct pathological entities, JCI Insight 2:2017.
  13. Breckpot J, Thienpont B, Peeters H, et al: Array comparative genomic hybridization as a diagnostic tool for syndromic heart defects, J Pediatr 156:810–817, 2010.
  14. Bruneau BG: The developmental genetics of congenital heart disease, Nature 451: 943–948, 2008.
  15. Chang C-P, Bruneau BG: Epigenetics and cardiovascular development, Annu Rev Physiol 74:41–68, 2012.
  16. Epstein JA: Cardiac development and implication for heart disease, N Engl J Med 363:1638–1646, 2010.
  17. Fahed AC, Gelb BD, Seidman JG, et al: Genetics of congenital heart disease: the glass half empty, Circ Res 112:707–720, 2013.
  18. Ieda M, Fu J-D, Delgado-Olguin P, et al: Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes by defined factors, Cell 142:375–386, 2010.
  19. Layman WS, Hurd EA, Martin DM: Chromodomain proteins in development: lessons from CHARGE syndrome, Clin Genet 78:11–20, 2010.
  20. Lin CJ, Lin CY, Chen CH, et al: Partitioning the heart: mechanisms of cardiac septation and valve development, Development 139:3277–3299, 2012.
  21. Blue GM, Kirk EP, Giannoulatou E, et al: Targeted next-generation sequencing identifies pathogenic variants in familial congenital heart disease, J Am Coll Cardiol 64(23):2458–2506, 2014.
  22. Camm CF, Sunderland N, Camm AJ: A quality assessment of cardiac auscultation material on Youtube, Clin Cardiol 36:77–81, 2013.
  23. Chang RKR, Gurvitz M, Rodriguez S: Missed diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease, Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 162:969–974, 2008.
  24. Chizner MA: Cardiac auscultation: rediscovering the lost art, Curr Probl Cardiol 33:326–408, 2008.
  25. Danduran MJ, Sheridan DC, Frommelt PC: Chest pain: characteristics of children / adolescents, Pediatr Cardiol 29:775–781, 2008.
  26. Kang S, Doroshow R, McConnaughey J, Shekhar R: Automated identification of innocent still's murmur in children, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 64(6):1326–1334, 2017. Kumar K, Thompson WR: Evaluation of cardiac auscultation skills in pediatric residents, Clin Pediatr (Phila) 52:66–73, 2013.
  27. Mackie AS, Jutras LC, Dancea AB, et al: Can cardiologists distinguish innocent from pathologic murmurs in neonates?, J Pediatr 154:50–54, 2009.
  28. Pelech AN: The physiology of cardiac auscultation, Pediatr Clin North Am 51:1515–1535, 2004.
  29. Rosner B, Prineas RJ, Loggie MH, et al: Blood pressure nomograms for children and adolescents, by height, sex, and age, in the United States, J Pediatr 123:871–886, 1993.
  30. Simmons MA, Brueckner M: The genetics of congenital heart disease. understanding and improving long-term outcomes in congenital heart disease: a review for the general cardiologist and primary care physician, Curr Opin Pediatr 29:520–528, 2017.
  31. Sun SS, Grave GD, Siervogel RM, et al: Systolic blood pressure in childhood predicts hypertension and metabolic syndrome later in life, Pediatrics 119:237–246, 2007.
  32. Ahmed H, Czosek RJ, Spar DS, et al: Early repolarization in normal adolescents is common, Pediatr Cardiol 38(4):864–872, 2017.
  33. Garson A: The electrocardiogram in infants and children: a systematic approach, Philadelphia, 1983, Lea & Febiger.
  34. O'Connor M, McDaniel N, Brady WJ: The pediatric electrocardiogram. Part I. Age-related interpretation, Am J EmergMed 26:506–512, 2008.
  35. O'Connor M, McDaniel N, Brady WJ: The pediatric electrocardiogram. Part III. Congenital heart disease and other cardiac syndromes, Am J Emerg Med 26:497–503, 2008.
  36. Papneja K, Chan AK, Mondal TK, Paes B: Myocardial infarction in neonates: a review of an entity with significant morbidity and mortality, Pediatr Cardiol 38(3):427–441, 2017.
  37. Sharma S, Drezner JA, Baggish A, et al: International recommendations for electrocardiographic interpretation in athletes, Eur Heart J 2017. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ ehw631. [Epub ahead of print].
  38. Baker GH, Shirali G, Ringewald JM, et al: Usefulness of live three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in a congenital heart disease center, Am J Cardiol 103:1025–1028, 2009.
  39. Benavidez OJ, Gauvreau K, Jenkins KJ, et al: Diagnostic errors in pediatric echocardiography: development of taxonomy and identification of risk factors, Circulation 117:2995–3001, 2008.
  40. Colquitt JL, Pignatelli RH: Strain imaging: the emergence of speckle tracking echocardiography into clinical pediatric cardiology, Congenit Heart Dis 11(2):199–207, 2016.
  41. DeGroff CG: Doppler echocardiography, Pediatr Cardiol 23:307–333, 2002.
  42. Di Carli MF, Geva T, Davidoff R: The future of cardiovascular imaging, Circulation 133(25):2640–2661, 2016.
  43. Friedberg MK, Silverman NH, Moon-Grady AJ, et al: Prenatal detection of congenital heart disease, J Pediatr 15:26–31, 2009.
  44. Frommelt PC: Update on pediatric echocardiography, Curr Opin Pediatr 17:579–585, 2005.
  45. Hijazi ZM, Shivkumar K, Sahn DJ: Intracardiac echocardiography during interventional and electrophysiological cardiac catheterization, Circulation 119:587–596, 2009.
  46. Kluckow M, Seri I, Evans N: Echocardiography and the neonatologist, Pediatr Cardiol 29:1043–1047, 2008.
  47. Parthiban A, Shirali G: Advanced functional echocardiographic imaging of the failing heart in children, Cardiol Young 25(Suppl 2):94–99, 2015.
  48. Braden DS, Strong WF: Cardiovascular responses to exercise in childhood, Am J Dis Child 144:1255–1260, 1990.
  49. Cava JR, Danduran MJ, Fedderly RT, et al: Exercise recommendations and risk factors for sudden cardiac death, Pediatr Clin North Am 51:1401–1420, 2004.
  50. James FW, Blomqvist CG, Freed MD, et al: Standards for exercise testing in the pediatric age group: American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Ad hoc committee on exercise testing, Circulation 66:1377A-1397A, 1982.
  51. Pianosi PT, Liem RI, McMurray RG, et al: Pediatric exercise testing: value and implications of peak oxygen uptake, Children (Basel) 4(1):2017.
  52. Stephens P: Sudden cardiac death in the young: the value of exercise testing, Cardiol Young 27(S1):S10-S18, 2017.
  53. Stephens P, Paridon SM: Exercise testing in pediatrics, Pediatr Clin North Am 51:1569–1587, 2004.
  54. Washington RL, van Gundy JC, Cohen C, et al: Normal aerobic and anaerobic exercise data for North American school-age children, J Pediatr 112:223–233, 1988.
  55. Banka P, Geva T: Advances in pediatric cardiac MRI, Curr Opin Pediatr 28(5):575–583, 2016.
  56. Chan FP, Hanneman K: Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in neonates with congenital cardiovascular disease, Semin Ultrasound CT MR 36(2):146–160, 2015.
  57. Feinstein JA, Gatzoulis MA: Use of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, Cardiol Young 19(Suppl 1):16–22, 2009.
  58. Nejatian A, Yu J, Geva T, et al: Aortic measurements in patients with aortopathy are larger and more reproducible by cardiac magnetic resonance compared with echocardiography, Pediatr Cardiol 36(8):1761–1773, 2015.
  59. Prakash A, Powell AJ, Krishnamurthy R, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of myocardial perfusion and viability in congenital and acquired pediatric heart disease, Am J Cardiol 93:657–661, 2004.
  60. Wald RM, Haber I, Wald R, et al: Effects of regional dysfunction and late gadolinium enhancement on global right ventricular function and exercise capacity in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot, Circulation 119:1370–1377, 2009.
  61. Emmel M, Sreeram N, Bennink G, Sreeram N: Percutaneous tricuspid valve replacement in childhood, Ann Pediatr Cardiol 8(3):230–232, 2015.
  62. Feinstein JA, Kim N, Reddy VM, et al: Percutaneous pulmonary valve placement in a 10-month-old patient using a hand crafted stent-mounted porcine valve, Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 67:644–649, 2006.
  63. Holzer RJ, Hijazi ZM: Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement: state of the art, Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 87(1):117–128, 2016.
  64. Kutty S, Zahn EM: Interventional therapy for neonates with critical congenital heart disease, Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 72:663–674, 2008.
  65. Lapierre C, Hugues N, Dahdah N, et al: Long-term follow-up of large atrial septal occluder (Amplatzer device) with cardiac MRI in a pediatric population, AJR Am J Roentgenol 199:1136–1141, 2012.
  66. Masura J, Gavora P, Podnar T: Long-term outcome of transcatheter secundum-type atrial septal defect closure using Amplatzer septal occluders, J Am Coll Cardiol 45:505–507, 2005.
  67. McElhinney DB, Hennesen JT: The Melody® valve and Ensemble® delivery system for transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement, Ann NY Acad Sci 1291:77–85, 2013.
  68. McElhinney DB, Tworetzky W, Lock JE: Current status of fetal cardiac intervention, Circulation 121(10):1256–1263, 2010.
  69. Michelfelder E, Polzin W, Hirsch R: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome with intact atrial septum: utilization of a hybrid catheterization facility for cesarean section delivery and prompt neonatal intervention, Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 72:983–987, 2008.
  70. Blue GM, Kirk EP, Giannoulatou E: Advances in the genetics of congenital heart disease: a clinician's guide, J Am Coll Cardiol 69:859–870, 2017.
  71. Bruneau BG: The developmental genetics of congenital heart disease, Nature 451: 943–948, 2008.
  72. Chang C-P, Bruneau BG: Epigenetics and cardiovascular development, Annu Rev Physiol 74:41–68, 2012.
  73. Dunn KE, Caleshu C, Cirino AL, et al: A clinical approach to inherited hypertrophy: the use of family history in diagnosis, risk assessment, and management, Circ Cardiovasc Genet 6:118–131, 2013.
  74. Epstein JA: Cardiac development and implication for heart disease, N Engl J Med 363:1638–1646, 2010.
  75. Fahed AC, Gelb BD, Seidman JG, et al: Genetics of congenital heart disease: the glass half empty, Circ Res 112:707–720, 2013.
  76. Hershberger RE, Lindenfeld J, Mestroni L, et al: Genetic evaluation of cardiomyopathy — a Heart Failure Society of America practice guideline, J Card Fail 15:83–97, 2009. Homsy J, Zaidi S, Shen Y, et al: De novo mutations in congenital heart disease with neurodevelopmental and other congenital anomalies, Science 350(6265):1262–1266, 2015.
  77. Leatherby L, Berul CI: Genetics of congenital heart disease: is the glass now half-full? Circ Cardiovasc Genet 10:e001746, 2017.
  78. Miller A, Riehle-Colarusso T, Alverson CJ, et al: Congenital heart defects and major structural noncardiac anomalies, Atlanta, 1968 to 2005, J Pediatr 159:70–78, 2011.
  79. Oster ME, Riehle-Colarusso T, Alverson CJ, et al: Associations between maternal fever and influenza and congenital heart defects, J Pediatr 158:990–995, 2011.
  80. Srivastava D: Genetic regulation of cardiogenesis and congenital heart disease, Annu Rev Pathol 1:199–213, 2006.
  81. Patel A, Costello JM, Backer CL, et al: Prevalence of noncardiac and genetic abnormalities in neonates undergoing cardiac operations: analysis of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database, Ann Thorac Surg 102:1607–1614, 2016.
  82. Priest J, Mohammed N, Schultz K, et al: De novo and rare variants at multiple loci support the oligogenic origins of atrioventricular septal heart defects, PLoS Genet 12(4):e1005963, 2016.
  83. Rollins CK, Newburger JW, Roberts AE: Genetic contribution to neurodevelopmental outcomes in congenital heart disease: are some patients pre-determined to have developmental delay? Curr Opin Pediatr 29(5):529–533, 2017.
  84. Srivastava D: Making or breaking the heart: from lineage determination to morphogenesis, Cell 126:1037–1048, 2006.
  85. Syrmou A, Tzetis M, Fryssira H, et al: Array comparative genomic hybridization as a clinical diagnostic tool in syndromic and nonsyndromic congenital heart disease, Pediatr Res 73:772–776, 2013.
  86. Yuan S, Zaidi S, Brueckner M: Congenital heart disease: emerging themes linking genetics and development, Curr Opin Genet Dev 23:352–359, 2013.
  87. Bouma BJ, Mulder BJ: Changing landscape of congenital heart disease, Circ Res 120(6):908–922, 2017.
  88. Bradshaw EA, Martin GR: Screening for critical congenital heart disease: advancing detection in the newborn, Curr Opin Pediatr 24:603–608, 2012.
  89. Brooks PA, Penny DJ: Management of the sick neonate with suspected heart disease, Early Hum Dev 84:155–159, 2008.
  90. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Newborn screening for critical congenital heart disease: potential roles of birth defects surveillance programs — United States, 2010–1011, MMWR 61:849–852, 2012.
  91. Ewer AK, Martin GR: Newborn pulse oximetry screening: which algorithm is best? Pediatrics 138(5):e20161206, 2016.
  92. Frank LH, Bradshaw E, Beekman R, et al: Critical congenital heart disease screening using pulse oximetry, J Pediatr 162:445–453, 2013.
  93. Hu XJ, Ma XJ, Zhao QM, et al: Pulse oximetry and auscultation for congenital heart disease detection, Pediatrics 140(4):e20171154, 2017.
  94. Johnson BA, Ades A: Delivery room and early postnatal management of neonates who have prenatally diagnosed congenital heart disease, Clin Perinatol 32:921–946, 2005.
  95. Lister G, Moreau G, Moss M, et al: Effects of alterations of oxygen transport on the neonate, Semin Perinatol 8:8192–8204, 1984.
  96. Lister G, Pitt BR: Cardiopulmonary interactions in the infant with congenital heart disease, Clin Chest Med 4:219–232, 1983.
  97. Manzoni P, Martin GR, Luna MS, et al: Pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart defects: a European consensus statement, Lancet 1:88–90, 2017.
  98. Martin GR, Beekman RH III, Bradshaw Mikula E, et al: Implementing recommended screening for critical congenital heart disease, Pediatrics 132:e185-e192, 2013.
  99. Martin J, Shekerdemian LS: The monitoring of venous saturations of oxygen in children with congenitally malformed hearts, Cardiol Young 19:34–39, 2009.
  100. Rudolph AM: Congenital diseases of the heart: clinical-physiological considerations, ed 3, New York, 2009, Wiley-Blackwell.
  101. Schena F, Picciolli I, Agosti M, et al: Perfusion index and pulse oximetry screening for congenital heart defects, J Pediatr 183:74–79, 2017.
  102. Thangaratinam S, Brown K, Zamora J, et al: Pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart defects in asymptomatic newborn babies: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Lancet 379:2459–2464, 2012.
  103. Triedman JK, Newburger JW: Trends in congenital heart disease: the next decade, Circulation 133(25):2716–2733, 2016.
  104. Beda RD, Gill EA Jr: Patent foramen ovale: does it play a role in the pathophysiology of migraine headache? Cardiol Clin 23:91–96, 2005.
  105. Benson DW, Silberbach GM, Kavanaugh-McHugh A, et al: Mutations in the cardiac transcription factor NKX2.5 affect diverse cardiac developmental pathways, J Clin Invest 104:1567–1573, 1999.
  106. Kharouf R, Luxenberg DM, Khalid O, et al: Atrial septal defect: spectrum of care, Pediatr Cardiol 29:271–280, 2008.
  107. Masura J, Gavora P, Podnar T: Long-term outcome of transcatheter secundum-type atrial septal defect closure using Amplatzer septal occluders, J Am Coll Cardiol 45:505–507, 2005.
  108. Messe SR, Kent DM: Still no closure on the question of PFO closure, N Engl J Med 368:1152–1153, 2013.
  109. Radzik D, Davignon A, van Doesburg N, et al: Predictive factors for spontaneous closure of atrial septal defects diagnosed in the first 3 months of life, J Am Coll Cardiol 22:851–853, 1993.
  110. Riggs T, Sharp SE, Batton D, et al: Spontaneous closure of atrial septal defects in premature vs full term neonates, Pediatr Cardiol 21:129–134, 2000.
  111. Saito T, Ohta K, Nakayama Y, et al: Natural history of medium-sized atrial septal defect in pediatric cases, J Cardiol 60:248–251, 2012.
  112. Steimle JD, Moskowitz IP: TBX5: a key regulator of heart development, Curr Top Dev Biol 122:195–221, 2017.
  113. Xu YJ, Qiu XB, Yuan F, et al: Prevalence and spectrum of NKX2.5 mutations in patients with congenital atrial septal defect and atrioventricular block, Mol Med Rep 15(4):2247–2254, 2017.
  114. Yew G, Wilson NJ: Transcatheter atrial septal defect closure with the Amplatzer septal occluder: five-year follow-up, Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 64:193–196, 2005.
  115. Beaton AZ, Pike JI, Stallings C, et al: Predictors of repair and outcome in prenatally diagnosed atrioventricular septal defects, J Am Soc Echocardiogr 26:208–216, 2013.
  116. Becker AE, Anderson RH: Atrioventricular septal defects: what's in a name? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 83:461–469, 1982.
  117. Devlin PJ, Backer CL, Eltayeb O, et al: Repair of partial atrioventricular septal defect: age and outcomes, Ann Thorac Surg 102(1):170–177, 2016.
  118. Friedberg MK, Kim N, Silverman NH: Atrioventricular septal defect recently diagnosed by fetal echocardiography: echocardiographic features, associated anomalies, and outcomes, Congenit Heart Dis 2:110–114, 2007.
  119. Malhotra SP, Lacour-Gayet F, Mitchell MB, et al: Reoperation for left atrioventricular valve regurgitation after atrioventricular septal defect repair, Ann Thorac Surg 86:147–151, 2008.
  120. Patel SS, Burns TL, Botto LD, et al: Analysis of selected maternal exposures and non- syndromic atrioventricular septal defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2005, Am J Med Genet A 158A:2447–2455, 2012.
  121. Priest JR, Osoegawa K, Mohammed N, et al: De novo and rare variants at multiple loci support the oligogenic origins of atrioventricular septal heart defects, PLoS Genet 12(4):e1005963, 2016.
  122. Spicer DE, Anderson RH, Backer CL: Clarifying the surgical morphology of inlet ventricular septal defects, Ann Thorac Surg 95:236–241, 2013.
  123. Suzuki T, Bove EL, Devaney EJ, et al: Results of definitive repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect in neonates and infants, Ann Thorac Surg 86:596–602, 2008.
  124. Thankavel PP, Ramaciotti C: Isolated mitral cleft in trisomy 21: an initially ‘silent' lesion, Pediatr Cardiol 37(2):405–408, 2016.
  125. Anderson BR, Stevens KN, Nicolson SC, et al: Contemporary outcomes of surgical ventricular septal defect closure, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 145:641–647, 2013.
  126. Beekman RH III: Closing the ventricular septal defect because you can: evidence — averse care? J Pediatr 150:569–570, 2007.
  127. Eroglu AG, Atik SU, Sengenc E, et al: Evaluation of ventricular septal defect with special reference to the spontaneous closure rate, subaortic ridge, and aortic valve prolapse II, Pediatr Cardiol 38(5):915–921, 2017.
  128. Glen S, Burns J, Bloomfield P: Prevalence and development of additional cardiac abnormalities in 1448 patients with congenital ventricular septal defects, Heart 90:1321–1325, 2004.
  129. Holzer R, Balzer D, Cao QL, et al: Device closure of muscular ventricular septal defects using the Amplatzer muscular ventricular septal defect occluder: immediate and mid-term results of a U.S. registry, J Am Coll Cardiol 43:1257–1263, 2004.
  130. Hornberger LK, Sahn DJ, Krabill KA, et al: Elucidation of the natural history of ventricular septal defects by serial Doppler color flow mapping studies, J Am Coll Cardiol 13:1111–1118, 1989.
  131. Lim DS, Forbes TJ, Rothman A, et al: Transcatheter closure of high-risk muscular ventricular septal defects with the CardioSEAL occluder: initial report from the CardioSEAL ÄÌÆÏ registry, Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 70:740–744, 2007.
  132. Maagaard M, Heiberg J, Asschenfeldt B, et al: Does functional capacity depend on the size of the shunt? A prospective, cohort study of adults with small, unrepaired ventricular septal defects, Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 51(4):722–727, 2017.
  133. Ramaciotti C, Keren A, Silverman NH: Importance of pseudoaneurysms of the ventricular septum in the natural history of isolated perimembranous ventricular septal defects, Am J Cardiol 57:268–272, 1986.
  134. Alagarsamy S, Chhabra M, Gudavalli M, et al: Comparison of clinical criteria with echocardiographic findings in diagnosing PDA in preterm infants, J Perinat Med 33:161–164, 2005.
  135. Backes CH, Rivera BK, Bridge JA, et al: Percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure during infancy: a meta-analysis, Pediatrics 139(2):2017.
  136. Bergwerff M, DeRuiter MC, Gittenberger-de Groot AC: Comparative anatomy and ontogeny of the ductus arteriosus, a vascular outsider, Anat Embryol (Berl) 200:559–571, 1999.
  137. Rothman A, Lucas VW, Sklansky MS, et al: Percutaneous coil occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus, J Pediatr 130:447–454, 1997.
  138. Balzer DT: Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation: fixing the problems and pushing the envelope, Curr Opin Pediatr 24:565–568, 2012.
  139. Cantinotti M, Giordano R, Emdin M, et al: Echocardiographic assessment of pediatric semilunar valve disease, Echocardiography 2017. doi:10.1111/echo.13527.
  140. Crosnier C, Lykavieris P, Meunier-Rotival M, et al: Alagille syndrome: the widening spectrum of arteriohepatic dysplasia, Clin Liver Dis 4:765–778, 2000.
  141. Cunningham JW, McElhinney DB, Gauvreau K, et al: Outcomes after primary transcatheter therapy in infants and young children with severe bilateral peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis, Circ Cardiovasc Interv 6(4):460–467, 2013.
  142. Cuypers JA, Witsenburg M, van der Linde D, et al: Pulmonary stenosis: update on diagnosis and therapeutic options, Heart 99:339–347, 2013.
  143. Feinstein JA, Kim N, Reddy VM, et al: Percutaneous pulmonary valve placement in a 10-month-old patient using a hand crafted stent-mounted porcine valve, Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 67:644–649, 2006.
  144. Harrild DM, Powell AJ, Tran TX, et al: Long-term pulmonary regurgitation following balloon valvuloplasty for pulmonary stenosis risk factors and relationship to exercise capacity and ventricular volume and function, J Am Coll Cardiol 55:1041–1047, 2010.
  145. McElhinney DB, Hellenbrand WE, Zahn EM, et al: Short- and medium-term outcomes after transcatheter pulmonary valve placement in the expanded multicenter US melody valve trial, Circulation 122:507–516, 2010.
  146. Monge MC, Mainwaring RD, Sheikh AY, et al: Surgical reconstruction of peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis in Williams and Alagille syndromes, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 145(2):476–481, 2013.
  147. Phoon CK: Estimation of pressure gradients by auscultation: an innovative and accurate physical examination technique, Am Heart J 141:500–506, 2001.
  148. Rosales AM, Lock JE, Perry SB, et al: Interventional catheterization management of perioperative peripheral pulmonary stenosis: balloon angioplasty or endovascular stenting, Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 56:272–277, 2002.
  149. Smpokou P, Tworog-Dube E, Kucherlapati RS, et al: Medical complications, clinical findings, and educational outcomes in adults with Noonan syndrome, Am J Med Genet A 158:3106–3111, 2012.
  150. Brown DW, Dipilato AE, Chong EC, et al: Aortic valve reinterventions after balloon aortic valvuloplasty for congenital aortic stenosis: intermediate and late follow-up, J Am Coll Cardiol 56:1740–1749, 2010.
  151. Carabello BA, Paulus WJ: Aortic stenosis, Lancet 373:956–964, 2009.
  152. Friedman KG, McElhinney DB, Rhodes J, et al: Left ventricular diastolic function in children and young adults with congenital aortic valve disease, Am J Cardiol 111:243–249, 2013.
  153. Henaine R, Roubertie F, Vergnat M, Ninet J: Valve replacement in children: a challenge for a whole life, Arch Cardiovasc Dis 105(10):517–528, 2012.
  154. Hickey EJ, Jung G, Williams WG, et al: Congenital supravalvular aortic stenosis: defining surgical and nonsurgical outcomes, Ann Thorac Surg 86:1919–1927, 2008.
  155. Lopez L, Arheart KL, Colan SD, et al: Turner syndrome is an independent risk factor for aortic dilation in the young, Pediatrics 121:e1622-e1627, 2008.
  156. Mahle WT, Sutherland JL, Frias PA: Outcome of isolated bicuspid aortic valve in childhood, J Pediatr 157:445–449, 2010.
  157. Mavroudis C, Mavroudis CD, Jacobs JP: The Ross, Konno, and Ross-Konno operations for congenital left ventricular outflow tract abnormalities, Cardiol Young 24(6):1121–1133, 2014.
  158. Padang R, Bagnall RD, Semsarian C: Genetic basis of familial valvular heart disease, Circ Cardiovasc Genet 5:569–580, 2012.
  159. Pober BR: Williams-Beuren syndrome, N Engl J Med 362:239–250, 2010.
  160. Rocchini A, Beekman RH, Ben Shachar G, et al: Balloon aortic valvuloplasty: results of the valvuloplasty and angioplasty of congenital anomalies registry, Am J Cardiol 65:784–789, 1990.
  161. Schneider AW, Putter H, Klautz RJM, et al: Long-term follow-up after the Ross procedure: a single center 22-year experience, Ann Thorac Surg 103(6):1976–1983, 2017.
  162. Schneider AW, Bokenkamp R, Bruggemans EF, Hazekamp MG: Twenty-year experience with the Ross-Konno procedure, Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 49(6):1564–1570, 2016.
  163. Svensson LG, Tuzcu M, Kapadia S, et al: A comprehensive review of the PARTNER trial, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 145:S11-S16, 2013.
  164. Ten Harkel AD, Berkhout M, Hop WC, et al: Congenital valvular aortic stenosis: limited progression during childhood, Arch Dis Child 94:531–535, 2009.
  165. Tsai MT, Tang GH, Cohen GN: Year in review: transcatheter aortic valve replacement, Curr Opin Cardiol 31(2):139–147, 2016.
  166. Vida VL, Hoehn R, Larrazabal LA, et al: Usefulness of intra-operative epicardial three-dimensional echocardiography to guide aortic valve repair in children, Am J Cardiol 103:852–856, 2009.
  167. Beaton AZ, Nguyen T, Lai WW, et al: Relation of coarctation of the aorta to the occurrence of ascending aortic dilation in children and young adults with bicuspid aortic valves, Am J Cardiol 103:266–270, 2009.
  168. Dijkema EJ, Leiner T, Grotenhuis HB: Diagnosis, imaging and clinical management of aortic coarctation, Heart 103:1148–1155, 2017.
  169. Egan M, Holzer RJ: Comparing balloon angioplasty, stenting and surgery in the treatment of aortic coarctation, Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 7:1401–1412, 2009.
  170. Fernandes JF, Goubergrits L, Bruning J, et al: CARDIOPROOF Consortium. Beyond pressure gradients: the effects of intervention on heart power in aortic coarctation, PLoS ONE 12(1):e0168487, 2017.
  171. Hall DJ, Wallis GA, Co-Vu JG, et al: Coarctation of the aorta in late adolescence, J Pediatr 162:646, 2013.
  172. Karamlou T, Bernasconi A, Jaeggi E, et al: Factors associated with arch reintervention and growth of the aortic arch after coarctation repair in neonates weighing less than 2.5 kg, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 137:1163–1167, 2009.
  173. Metry DW, Dowd CF, Barkovich J, et al: The many faces of PHACE syndrome, J Pediatr 139:117–123, 2001.
  174. O'Sullivan JJ, Derrick G, Darnell R: Prevalence of hypertension in children after early repair of coarctation of the aorta: a cohort study using casual and 24-hour blood pressure measurement, Heart 88:163–166, 2002.
  175. Roeleveld PP, Zwijsen EG: Treatment strategies for paradoxical hypertension following surgical correction of coarctation of the aorta in children, World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 8(3):321–331, 2017.
  176. Saxena A: Recurrent coarctation: interventional techniques and results, World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 6(2):257–265, 2015.
  177. Senzaki H, Iwamoto Y, Ishido H, et al: Ventricular-vascular stiffening in patients with repaired coarctation of aorta: integrated pathophysiology of hypertension, Circulation 118(Suppl 14):S191-S198, 2008.
  178. Shone JD, Sellers RD, Anderson RC, et al: The developmental complex of «parachute mitral valve», supravalvar ring of left atrium, subaortic stenosis, and coarctation of the aorta, Am J Cardiol 11:714–725, 1963.
  179. Vigneswaran TV, Sinha MD, Valverde I, et al: Hypertension in coarctation of the aorta: challenges in diagnosis in children, Pediatr Cardiol 2017. doi:10.1007/ s00246-017-1739-x.
  180. Vijayalakshmi K, Griffiths A, Hasan A, et al: Late hazards after repair of coarctation of the aorta, BMJ 336:772–773, 2008.
  181. Zussman ME, Hirsch R, Herbert C, Stapleton GE: Transcatheter intervention for coarctation of the aorta, Cardiol Young 26(8):1563–1567, 2016.
  182. Chandrashekhar Y, Westaby S, Narula J: Mitral stenosis, Lancet 374:1271–1283, 2009. Del Nido PJ, Baird C: Congenital mitral valve stenosis: anatomic variants and surgical reconstruction, Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 15:69–74, 2012. Delmo Walter EM, Javier M, Hetzer R: Repair of parachute and hammock valve in infants and children: early and late outcomes, Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 28(2):448–459, 2016.
  183. Freud LR, Marx GR, Marshall AC, et al: Assessment of the Melody valve in the mitral position in young children by echocardiography, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 153(1):153–160.e1, 2017.
  184. Marino BS, Kruge LE, Cho CJ, et al: Parachute mitral valve: morphologic descriptors, associated lesions, and outcomes after biventricular repair, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 137:385–393, 2009.
  185. Selamet Tierney ES, Pigula FA, et al: Mitral valve replacement in infants and children 5 years of age or younger: evolution in practice and outcome over three decades with a focus on supra-annular prosthesis implantation, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 136:954–961, 2008.
  186. Silverman NH: Echocardiography of congenital mitral valve disorders: echocardiographic-morphological comparisons, Cardiol Young 24(6):1030–1048, 2014.
  187. Toscano A, Pasquini L, Iacobelli R, et al: Congenital supravalvar mitral ring: an underestimated anomaly, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 137:538–542, 2009.
  188. Chelliah A, Berger JT, Blask A, et al: Clinical utility of fetal magnetic resonance imaging in tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve, Circulation 127:757–759, 2013.
  189. Donofrio MT, Levy RJ, Schuette JJ, et al: Specialized delivery room planning for fetuses with critical congenital heart disease, Am J Cardiol 111:737–747, 2013.
  190. Jochman JD, Atkinson DB, Quinonez LG, Brown ML: Twenty years of anesthetic and perioperative management of patients with tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve, J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2017. pii: S1053-0770(17)30056-3.
  191. Szwast A, Tian Z, McCann M, et al: Anatomic variability and outcome in prenatally diagnosed absent pulmonary valve syndrome, Ann Thorac Surg 98(1):152–158, 2014.
  192. Bouknight DP, O'Rourke RA: Current management of mitral valve prolapse, Am Fam Physician 61:3343–3350, 3353–3354, 2000.
  193. Briffa N: Surgery for degenerative mitral valve disease, BMJ 341:c5339, 2010.
  194. Feldman T, Foster E, Glower DG, et al: Percutaneous repair or surgery for mitral regurgitation, N Engl J Med 364:1395–1406, 2011.
  195. Gripari P, Muratori M, Fusini L, et al: Three-dimensional echocardiography: advancements in qualitative and quantitative analyses of mitral valve morphology in mitral valve prolapse, J Cardiovasc Echogr 24(1):1–9, 2014.
  196. Guy TS, Hill AC: Mitral valve prolapse, Annu Rev Med 63:277–292, 2012.
  197. Hepner ADS, Morrell H, Greaves S, et al: Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in young athletes, Cardiol Young 18:402–404, 2008.
  198. Honda S, Kawasaki T, Shiraishi H, et al: Mitral valve prolapse revisited, Circulation 133(6):e380-e382, 2016.
  199. Judge DP, Rouf R, Habashi J, et al: Mitral valve disease in Marfan syndrome and related disorders, J Cardiovasc Transl Res 4:741–747, 2011.
  200. Maron BJ, Ackerman MJ, Nishimura RA, et al: Task Force 4: HCM and other cardiomyopathies, mitral valve prolapse, myocarditis, and Marfan syndrome, J Am Coll Cardiol 45:1340–1345, 2005.
  201. Padang R, Bagnall RD, Semsarian C: Genetic basis of familial valvular heart disease, Circ Cardiovasc Genet 5:569–580, 2012.
  202. Ben Sivarajan V, Chrisant MR, Ittenbach RF, et al: Prevalence and risk factors for tricuspid valve regurgitation after pediatric heart transplantation, J Heart Lung Transplant 27:494–500, 2008.
  203. Hetzer R, Javier M, Delmo Walter EM: The double-orifice valve technique to treat tricuspid valve incompetence, J Heart Valve Dis 25(1):66–71, 2016.
  204. Sachdeva R, Fiser RT, Morrow WR, et al: Ruptured tricuspid valve papillary muscle: a treatable cause of neonatal cyanosis, Ann Thorac Surg 83:680–682, 2007.
  205. Apitz C, Webb GD, Redington AN: Tetralogy of fallot, Lancet 374:1462–1471, 2009. Bhat M, Mercer-Rosa L, Fogel MA, et al: Longitudinal changes in adolescents with TOF: implications for care, Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 18(3):356–363, 2017.
  206. Dubin AM, Feinstein JA, Reddy VM, et al: Electrical resynchronization: a novel therapy for the failing right ventricle, Circulation 107:2287–2289, 2003.
  207. Geva T: Diffuse myocardial fibrosis in repaired tetralogy of fallot: linking pathophysiology and clinical outcomes, Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 10(3):2017.
  208. Greenway SC, Pereira AC, Lin JC, et al: De novo copy number variants identify new genes and loci in isolated sporadic tetralogy of fallot, Nat Genet 41:931–935, 2009.
  209. Holland JE, Cassidy AR, Stopp C, et al: Psychiatric disorders and function in adolescents with tetralogy of fallot, J Pediatr 187:165–173, 2017.
  210. Jonas RA: Early primary repair of tetralogy of fallot, Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 12:39–47, 2009.
  211. McElhinney DB, Hellenbrand WE, Zahn EM, et al: Short- and medium-term outcomes after transcatheter pulmonary valve placement in the expanded multicenter US melody valve trial, Circulation 122:507–516, 2010.
  212. Peyvandi S, Lupo PJ, Garbarini J, et al: 22Q11.2 deletions in patients with conotruncal defects: data from 1,610 consecutive cases, Pediatr Cardiol 34(7):1687–1694, 2013.
  213. Reddy S, Bernstein D: The vulnerable right ventricle, Curr Opin Pediatr 27(5):563–568, 2015.
  214. Reddy S, Bernstein D: Molecular mechanisms of right ventricular failure, Circulation 132(18):1734–1742, 2015.
  215. Schultz AH, Wernovsky G: Late outcomes in patients with surgically treated congenital heart disease, Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 8:145–156, 2005.
  216. Villafane J, Feinstein JA, Jenkins KJ, et al: Hot topics in tetralogy of fallot, J Am Coll Cardiol 62(23):2155–2166, 2013.
  217. Vojtovic P, Kucera F, Kubus P, et al: Acute right ventricular resynchronization improves haemodynamics in children after surgical repair of tetralogy of fallot, Europace 2017. doi:10.1093/europace/euw414. [Epub ahead of print].
  218. Bauser-Heaton H, Borquez A, Han B, et al: Programmatic approach to management of tetralogy of fallot with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries: a 15-year experience with 458 patients, Circ Cardiovasc Interv 10(4):2017.
  219. Malhotra SP, Hanley FL: Surgical management of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collaterals: a protocol-based approach, Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 12:145–151, 2009.
  220. McElhinney DB, Hellenbrand WE, Zahn EM, et al: Short- and medium-term outcomes after transcatheter pulmonary valve placement in the expanded multicenter US melody valve trial, Circulation 122:507–516, 2010.
  221. Badheka A, Prakash PB, Allareddy V: Prostaglandin E1-induced periostitis and reversibility with discontinuation, J Pediatr 189:237, 2017.
  222. Cheung EW, Richmond ME, Turner ME, et al: Pulmonary atresia/intact ventricular septum: influence of coronary anatomy on single-ventricle outcome, Ann Thorac Surg 98(4):1371–1377, 2014.
  223. Ekman-Joelsson BM, Berggren H, Boll AB, et al: Abnormalities in myocardial perfusion after surgical correction of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, Cardiol Young 18:89–95, 2008.
  224. Guleserian KJ, Armsby LB, Thiagarajan RR, et al: Natural history of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and right-ventricle-dependent coronary circulation managed by the single-ventricle approach, Ann Thorac Surg 81:2250–2257, 2006.
  225. Hasan BS, Bautista-Hernandez V, McElhinney DB, et al: Outcomes of transcatheter approach for initial treatment of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 81(1):111–118, 2013.
  226. Karamlou T, Poynter JA, Walters HL 3rd, et al: Long-term functional health status and exercise test variables for patients with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum: a congenital heart surgeons society study, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 145:1018–1025, 2013.
  227. Allen KY, Downing TE, Glatz AC, et al: Effect of fontan-associated morbidities on survival with intact fontan circulation, Am J Cardiol 119(11):1866–1871, 2017.
  228. Anderson RH, Cook AC: Morphology of the functionally univentricular heart, Cardiol Young 14(Suppl 1):3–12, 2004.
  229. Asrani SK, Warnes CA, Kamath PS: Hepatocellular carcinoma after the fontan procedure, N Engl J Med 368:1756–1758, 2013.
  230. Banks L, McCrindle BW, Russell JL, et al: Enhanced physiology for submaximal exercise in children after the fontan procedure, Med Sci Sports Exerc 45:615–621, 2013.
  231. Bernstein D, Naftel D, Chin C, et al: Outcome of listing for cardiac transplantation for failed fontan: a multi-institutional study, Circulation 114:273–280, 2006.
  232. Dori Y, Keller MS, Rome JJ, et al: Percutaneous lymphatic embolization of abnormal pulmonary lymphatic flow as treatment of plastic bronchitis in patients with congenital heart disease, Circulation 133(12):1160–1170, 2016.
  233. Hollander SA, Reinhartz O, Maeda K, et al: Intermediate-term outcomes after combined heart-liver transplantation in children with a univentricular heart, J Heart Lung Transplant 32:368–370, 2013.
  234. Kaulitz R, Haber P, Sturm E, et al: Serial evaluation of hepatic function profile after fontan operation, Herz 39(1):98–104, 2014.
  235. Magdo HS, Stillwell TL, Greenhawt MJ, et al: Immune abnormalities in fontan protein-losing enteropathy: a case-control study, J Pediatr 167(2):331–337, 2015.
  236. Marsden AL, Bernstein AJ, Reddy VM, et al: Evaluation of a novel y-shaped extracardiac fontan baffle using computational fluid dynamics, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 137:394–403, 2009.
  237. McCrindle BW, Manlhiot C, Cochrane A, et al: Factors associated with thrombotic complications after the fontan procedure: a secondary analysis of a multicenter, randomized trial of primary thromboprophylaxis for 2 years after the fontan procedure, J Am Coll Cardiol 61:346–353, 2013.
  238. Thacker D, Patel A, Dodds K, et al: Use of oral budesonide in the management of protein-losing enteropathy after the fontan operation, Ann Thorac Surg 89:837–842, 2010.
  239. Uzan O, Wong JK, Bhole V, et al: Resolution of protein-losing enteropathy and normalization of mesenteric doppler flow with sildenafil after fontan, Ann Thorac Surg 82:e39-e40, 2006.
  240. Van den Bosch AE, Roos-Hesselink JW, Van Domburg R, et al: Long-term outcome and quality of life in adult patients after the fontan operation, Am J Cardiol 93:1141–1145, 2004.
  241. Attenhofer Jost CH, Connolly HM, O'Leary PW, et al: Left heart lesions in patients with ebstein anomaly, Mayo Clin Proc 80:361–368, 2005.
  242. Brown ML, Dearani JA, Danielson GK, et al: The outcomes of operations for 539 patients with ebstein anomaly, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 135:1120–1136, 2008.
  243. Kipps AK, Graham DA, Lewis E, et al: Natural history of exercise function in patients with ebstein anomaly: a serial study, Am Heart J 163:486–491, 2012.
  244. Knott-Craig CJ, Goldberg SP, Overholt ED, et al: Repair of neonates and young infants with Ebstein's anomaly and related disorders, Ann Thorac Surg 84:587–592, 2007.
  245. Selamet Tierney ES, McElhinney DB, Freud LR, et al: Assessment of progressive pathophysiology after early prenatal diagnosis of the ebstein anomaly or tricuspid valve dysplasia, Am J Cardiol 119(1):106–111, 2017.
  246. Vogel M, Marx GR, Tworetzky W, et al: Ebstein's malformation of the tricuspid valve: short-term outcomes of the «cone procedure» versus conventional surgery, Congenit Heart Dis 7:50–58, 2012.
  247. Bellinger DC, Newburger JW, Wypij D, et al: Behaviour at eight years in children with surgically corrected transposition: the Boston Circulatory Arrest Trial, Cardiol Young 19:86–97, 2009.
  248. Blume ED, Wernovsky G: Long-term results of arterial switch repair of transposition of the great vessels, Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 1:129–138, 1998.
  249. Brizard CP, Lee A, Zannino D, et al: Long-term results of anatomic correction for congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries: a 19-year experience, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 154(1):256–265, 2017.
  250. Dearani JA, Danielson GK, Puga FJ, et al: Late results of the Rastelli operation for transposition of the great arteries, Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 4:3–15, 2001.
  251. Dunbar-Masterson C, Wypij D, Bellinger DC, et al: General health status of children with D-transposition of the great arteries after the arterial switch operation, Circulation 104(Suppl 1):I138–I142, 2001.
  252. Godfrey ME, Friedman KG, Drogosz M, et al: Cardiac output and blood flow redistribution in the fetus with D-loop transposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum: insights into the pathophysiology, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016. doi:10.1002/uog.17370.
  253. Kasmi L, Bonnet D, Montreuil M, et al: Neuropsychological and psychiatric outcomes in dextro-transposition of the great arteries across the lifespan: a state-of-the-art review, Front Pediatr 5:59, 2017.
  254. Khairy P, Clair M, Fernandes SM, et al: Cardiovascular outcomes after the arterial switch operation for D-transposition of the great arteries, Circulation 127:331–339, 2013.
  255. Klaver P, Knirsch W, Wurmitzer K, von Allmen DY: Children and adolescents show altered visual working memory related brain activity more than one decade after arterial switch operation for d-transposition of the great arteries, Dev Neuropsychol 41(4):261–267, 2016.
  256. Mahle WT, Gonzalez JH, Kreeger J, et al: Echocardiography of transposition of the great arteries, Cardiol Young 22:664–670, 2012.
  257. Ravi P, Mills L, Fruitman D, et al: Population trends in prenatal detection of transposition of great arteries: impact of obstetrical screening ultrasound guidelines, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017. doi:10.1002/uog.17496.
  258. Rudolph AM: Aortopulmonary transposition in the fetus: speculation on pathophysiology and therapy, Pediatr Res 61:375–380, 2007.
  259. Dyer KT, Hlavacek AM, Meinel FG, et al: Imaging in congenital pulmonary vein anomalies: the role of computed tomography, Pediatr Radiol 44(9):1158–1168, 2014.
  260. Files MD, Morray B: Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: preoperative anatomy, physiology, imaging, and interventional management of postoperative pulmonary venous obstruction, Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 21(2):123–131, 2017.
  261. Holt DB, Moller JH, Larson S, et al: Primary pulmonary vein stenosis, Am J Cardiol 99:568–572, 2007.
  262. Kirshbom PM, Flynn TB, Clancy RR, et al: Late neurodevelopmental outcome after repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 129:1091–1097, 2005.
  263. Lakshminrusimha S, Wynn RJ, Youssfi M, et al: Use of CT angiography in the diagnosis of total anomalous venous return, J Perinatol 29:458–461, 2009.
  264. Morales DL, Braud BE, Booth JH, et al: Heterotaxy patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous return: improving surgical results, Ann Thorac Surg 82:1621–1627, 2006.
  265. Mueller C, Dave H, Pretre R: Primary correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous return with a modified sutureless technique, Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 43(3):635–640, 2013.
  266. Asagai S, Inai K, Shinohara T, et al: Long-term outcomes after truncus arteriosus repair: a single-center experience for more than 40 years, Congenit Heart Dis 11(6):672–677, 2016.
  267. Colon M, Anderson RH, Weinberg P, et al: Anatomy, morphogenesis, diagnosis, management, and outcomes for neonates with common arterial trunk, Cardiol Young 18(Suppl 3):52–62, 2008.
  268. Goldmuntz E, Driscoll DA, Emanuel BS, et al: Evaluation of potential modifiers of the cardiac phenotype in the 22q11.2 äåëåöèÿ syndrome, Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 85:125–129, 2009.
  269. McElhinney DB, Hellenbrand WE, Zahn EM, et al: Short- and medium-term outcomes after transcatheter pulmonary valve placement in the expanded multicenter US melody valve trial, Circulation 122:507–516, 2010.
  270. Naimo PS, Fricke ÎÀÑ, Yong MS, et al: Outcomes of truncus arteriosus repair in children: 35 years of experience from a single institution, Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 28(2):500–511, 2016.
  271. Patrick WL, Mainwaring RD, Carrillo SA, et al: Anatomic factors associated with truncal valve insufficiency and the need for truncal valve repair, World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 7(1):9–15, 2016.
  272. Swanson TM, Selamet Tierney ES, Tworetzky W, et al: Truncus arteriosus: diagnostic accuracy, outcomes, and impact of prenatal diagnosis, Pediatr Cardiol 30:256–261, 2009.
  273. Thompson LD, McElhinney DB, Reddy M, et al: Neonatal repair of truncus arteriosus: continuing improvement in outcomes, Ann Thorac Surg 72:391–395, 2001.
  274. Baba K, Kotani Y, Chetan D, et al: Hybrid versus Norwood strategies for single-ventricle palliation, Circulation 126:S123–S131, 2012.
  275. Brosig C, Mussatto K, Hoffman G, et al: Neurodevelopmental outcomes for children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome at the age of 5 years, Pediatr Cardiol 34(7):1597–1604, 2013.
  276. Burch PT, Ravishankar C, Newburger JW, et al: Pediatric Heart Network Investigators: assessment of growth 6 years after the Norwood procedure, J Pediatr 180:270–274, e6, 2017.
  277. Cross RR, Harahsheh AS, McCarter R, et al: Identified mortality risk factors associated with presentation, initial hospitalisation, and interstage period for the Norwood operation in a multi-centre registry: a report from the National Pediatric CardiologyQuality Improvement Collaborative, Cardiol Young 24(2):253–262, 2014.
  278. Ghanayem NS, Allen KR, Tabbutt S, et al: Interstage mortality after the Norwood procedure: results of the multicenter Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 144:896–906, 2012.
  279. Jantzen DW, Moon-Grady AJ, Morris SA, et al: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome with intact or restrictive atrial septum, Circulation 136:1346–1349, 2017.
  280. Jenkins PC, Chinnock RE, Jenkins KJ, et al: Decreased exercise performance with age in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, J Pediatr 152:507–512, 2008.
  281. Kon AA, Prsa M, Rohlicek CV: Choices doctors would make if their infant had hypoplastic left heart syndrome: comparison of survey data from 1999 and 2007, Pediatr Cardiol 34:348–353, 2013.
  282. Laraja K, Sadhwani A, Tworetzky W, et al: Neurodevelopmental outcome in children after fetal cardiac intervention for aortic stenosis with evolving hypoplastic left heart syndrome, J Pediatr 184:130–136, e4, 2017.
  283. Mahle WT, Border WL: Fifty years of surgery for single ventricle: now what?, J Pediatr 161:186–190, 2012.
  284. McElhinney DB, Marshall AC, Wilkins-Haug LE, et al: Predictors of technical success and postnatal biventricular outcome after in utero aortic valvuloplasty for aortic stenosis with evolving hypoplastic left heart syndrome, Circulation 120:1482–1490, 2009.
  285. Meza JM, Jaquiss RD, Anderson BR, et al, Congenital Heart Surgeons' Society: Current practices in the timing of stage 2 palliation, World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 8(2):135–141, 2017.
  286. Motonaga KS, Miyake CY, Punn R, et al: Insights into dyssynchrony in hypoplastic left heart syndrome, Heart Rhythm 9:2010–2015, 2012.
  287. Newburger JW, Sleeper LA, Bellinger DC, et al, Pediatric Heart Network Investigators: Early developmental outcome in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and related anomalies: the Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial, Circulation 125(17):2081–2091, 2012.
  288. Oh H: Cell therapy trials in congenital heart disease, Circ Res 120(8):1353–1366, 2017. Ohye RG, Sleeper LA, Mahony L, et al: Comparison of shunt types in the Norwood procedure for single-ventricle lesions, N Engl J Med 362(21):1980–1992, 2010.
  289. Ravishankar C, Zak V, Williams IA, et al: Association of impaired linear growth and worse neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with single ventricle physiology: a report from the Pediatric Heart Network Infant Single Ventricle Trial, J Pediatr 162:250-256, e2, 2013.
  290. Sarajuuri A, Jokinen E, Mildh L, et al: Neurodevelopmental burden at age 5 years in patients with univentricular heart, J Pediatr 130:e1636-e1646, 2012.
  291. Tabbutt S, Ghanayem N, Ravishankar C, et al, Pediatric Heart Network Investigators: Risk factors for hospital morbidity and mortality after the Norwood procedure: a report from the Pediatric Heart Network Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 144(4):882–895, 2012.
  292. Walsh MJ, Verghese GR, Ferguson ME, et al: Counseling practices for fetal hypoplastic left heart syndrome, Pediatr Cardiol 38(5):946–958, 2017.
  293. Yamamoto Y, Khoo NS, Brooks PA, et al: Severe left heart obstruction with retrograde arch flow importantly influences fetal cerebral and placental blood flow, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 42(3):294–299, 2013.
  294. Brueckner M: Impact of genetic diagnosis on clinical management of patients with congenital heart disease: cilia point the way, Circulation 125:2178–2180, 2012.
  295. Catana A, Apostu AP: The determination factors of left-right asymmetry disorders — a short review, Clujul Med 90(2):139–146, 2017.
  296. Cohen MS, Anderson RH, Cohen MI, et al: Controversies, genetics, diagnostic assessment, and outcomes relating to the heterotaxy syndrome, Cardiol Young 17(Suppl 2):29–43, 2007.
  297. Degenhardt K, Rychik J: Fetal situs, isomerism, heterotaxy syndrome: diagnostic evaluation and implication for postnatal management, Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med 18(12):77, 2016.
  298. Deng H, Xia H, Deng S: Genetic basis of human left-right asymmetry disorders, Expert Rev Mol Med 16:e19, 2014.
  299. Ferdman B, States L, Gaynor JW, et al: Abnormalities of intestinal rotation in patients with congenital heart disease and the heterotaxy syndrome, Congenit Heart Dis 2:12–18, 2007.
  300. Harrison MJ, Shapiro AJ, Kennedy MP: Congenital heart disease and primary ciliary dyskinesia, Paediatr Respir Rev 18:25–32, 2016.
  301. Piano Mortari E, Baban A, Cantarutti N, et al: Heterotaxy syndrome with and without spleen: different infection risk and management, J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016. pii: S0091-6749(16)31289–1.
  302. Prendiville TW, Barton LL, Thompson WR, et al: Heterotaxy syndrome: defining contemporary disease trends, Pediatr Cardiol 31:1052–1058, 2010.
  303. Shao PL, Wu MH, Wang JK, et al: Pneumococcal vaccination and efficacy in patients with heterotaxy syndrome, Pediatr Res 2017. doi:10.1038/pr.2017.39. [Epub ahead of print].
  304. Shiraishi I, Ichikawa H: Human heterotaxy syndrome — from molecular genetics to clinical features, management, and prognosis, Circ J 76:2066–2075, 2012.
  305. Kellenberger CJ: Aortic arch malformations, Pediatr Radiol 40:876–884, 2010.
  306. Kussman BD, Geva T, McGowan FX: Cardiovascular causes of airway compression, Paediatr Anaesth 14:60–74, 2004.
  307. Murdison KA, Andrews BA, Chin AJ: Ultrasonographic display of complex vascular rings, J Am Coll Cardiol 15:1645–1653, 1990.
  308. Smith BM, Lu JC, Dorfman AL, et al: Rings and slings revisited, Magn Reson Imaging Clin North Am 23(1):127–135, 2015.
  309. Brothers JA: Coronary artery anomalies in children: what is the risk? Curr Opin Pediatr 28(5):590–596, 2016.
  310. Brothers JA, Frommelt MA, Jaquiss RD, et al: Expert consensus guideline: anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017. pii: S0022-5223(17)30134-4.
  311. Frommelt PC, Berger S, Pelech AN, et al: Prospective identification of anomalous origin of left coronary artery from the right sinus of valsalva using transthoracic echocardiography: importance of color doppler flow mapping, Pediatr Cardiol 22:327–332, 2001.
  312. Hoffman JI: Electrocardiogram of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in infants, Pediatr Cardiol 34:489–491, 2013.
  313. Kayalar N, Burkhart HM, Dearani JA, et al: Congenital coronary anomalies and surgical treatment, Congenit Heart Dis 4:239–251, 2009.
  314. Feinstein JA, Moore P, Rosenthal DN, et al: Comparison of contrast echocardiography versus cardiac catheterization for detection of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, Am J Cardiol 89:281–285, 2002.
  315. Freedom RM, Yoo SJ, Perrin D: The biological «scrabble» of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: considerations in the setting of cavopulmonary surgery, Cardiol Young 14:417–437, 2004.
  316. Paterson A: Imaging evaluation of congenital lung abnormalities in infants and children, Radiol Clin North Am 43:303–323, 2005.
  317. Srivastava D, Preminger T, Lock JE, et al: Hepatic venous blood and the development of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in congenital heart disease, Circulation 92:1217–1222, 1995.
  318. Abman SH: New guidelines for managing pulmonary hypertension: what the pediatrician needs to know, Curr Opin Pediatr 28:597–606, 2016.
  319. Archer SL, Michelakis ED: Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for pulmonary arterial hypertension, N Engl J Med 361:1864–1870, 2009.
  320. Barnett CF, Hsue PY, Machado RF: Pulmonary hypertension: an increasingly recognized complication of hereditary hemolytic anemias and HIV infection, JAMA 299:324–331, 2008.
  321. Barst RJ, Ivy D, Gaitan G, et al: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study of oral sildenafil citrate in treatment-naive children with pulmonary arterial hypertension, Circulation 125:324–334, 2012.
  322. Beghetti M, Galie N: Eisenmenger syndrome a clinical perspective in a new therapeutic era of pulmonary arterial hypertension, J Am Coll Cardiol 53:733–740, 2009.
  323. Beghetti M, Hoeper MM, Kiely DG, et al: Safety experience with bosentan in 146 children 2–11 years old with pulmonary arterial hypertension: results from the European postmarketing surveillance program, Pediatr Res 64:200–204, 2008.
  324. Berger RMF, Beghetti M, Humpl T, et al: Clinical features of paediatric pulmonary hypertension: a registry study, Lancet 379:537–546, 2012.
  325. Berger S, Konduri GG: Pulmonary hypertension in children: the twenty-first century, Pediatr Clin North Am 53:961–987, 2006.
  326. Davies RJ, Morrell NW: Molecular mechanisms of pulmonary arterial hypertension: role of mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor, Chest 134: 1271–1277, 2008.
  327. Dimopoulos K, Giannakoulas G, Wort SJ, et al: Pulmonary arterial hypertension in adults with congenital heart disease: distinct differences from other causes of pulmonary arterial hypertension and management implications, Curr Opin Cardiol 23:545–554, 2008.
  328. Feinstein JA: Evaluation, risk stratification, and management of pulmonary hypertension in patients with congenital heart disease, Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 106–111, 2009.
  329. Feinstein JA, Goldhaber SZ, Lock JE, et al: Balloon pulmonary angioplasty for treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, Circulation 103:10–13, 2001.
  330. Ghofrani HA, D'Armini AM, Grimminger F, et al: Riociguat for the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, N Engl J Med 369(4):319–329, 2013.
  331. Ghofrani HA, Galie N, Grimminger F, et al: Riociguat for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension, N Engl J Med 369:330–340, 2013.
  332. Ivy DD, Abman SH, Barst RJ, et al: Pediatric pulmonary hypertension, J Am Coll Cardiol 62(25):D118-D126, 2013.
  333. Kiely DG, Elliot CA, Sabroe I, et al: Pulmonary hypertension: diagnosis and management, BMJ 346:31–35, 2013.
  334. Latus H, Delhaas T, Schranz D, Apitz C: Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in children, Nat Rev Cardiol 12:244–254, 2015.
  335. Levy M, Celermajer DS, Bourges-Petit E, et al: Add-on therapy with subcutaneous treprostinil for refractory pediatric pulmonary hypertension, J Pediatr 158:584–588, 2011.
  336. Ma L, Roman-Campos D, Austin ED, et al: A novel channelopathy in pulmonary arterial hypertension, N Engl J Med 369:351–361, 2013.
  337. McLaughlin VV, Archer SL, Badesch DB, et al: ACCF/AHA 2009 expert consensus document on pulmonary hypertension, Circulation 119:2250–2294, 2009.
  338. The medical letter: tadalafil (Adcirca) for pulmonary arterial hypertension, Med Lett Drugs Ther 51:87–88, 2009.
  339. Niu MC, Mallory GB, Justino H, et al: Treatment of severe pulmonary hypertension in the setting of the large patent ductus arteriosus, Pediatrics 131:e1643-e1649, 2013.
  340. Rabinovitch M: Molecular pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension, J Clin Invest 122:4306–4313, 2012.
  341. Rosenzweig EB, Barst RJ: Pulmonary arterial hypertension in children: a medical update, Curr Opin Pediatr 20:288–293, 2008.
  342. Shah SJ: Pulmonary hypertension, JAMA 308:1366–1374, 2012.
  343. Simonneau G, Rubin LJ, Galie N, et al: Addition of sildenafil to long-term intravenous epoprostenol therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, Ann Intern Med 149:521–530, 2008.
  344. Tissot C, Ivy DD, Beghetti M: Medical therapy for pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension, J Pediatr 157(4):528–532, 2010.
  345. Unegbu C, Noje C, Coulson JD, et al: Pulmonary hypertension therapy and a systematic review of efficacy and safety of PDE-5 inhibitors, Pediatrics 139(3):e20161450, 2017.
  346. Van Loon RL, Roofthooft MTR, van Osch-Gevers M, et al: Clinical characterization of pediatric pulmonary hypertension: complex presentation and diagnosis, J Pediatr 155:176–182, 2009.
  347. Anderson JB, Beekman RH 3rd, Kugler JD, et al: Improvement in interstage survival in a national pediatric cardiology learning network, Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 8(4):428–436, 2015.
  348. Apers S, Moons P, Goossens E, et al: Sense of coherence and perceived physical health explain the better quality of life in adolescents with congenital heart disease, Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 12(5):475–483, 2013.
  349. Bellinger DC, Newburger JW, Wypij D, et al: Behaviour at eight years in children with surgically corrected transposition: the Boston circulatory arrest trial, Cardiol Young 19:86–97, 2009.
  350. Berger JT, Holubkov R, Reeder R, et al: Morbidity and mortality prediction in pediatric heart surgery: physiological profiles and surgical complexity, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017. pii: S0022-5223(17)30200-3.
  351. Brosig CL, Bear L, Allen S, et al: Preschool neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with congenital heart disease, J Pediatr 183:80–86, 2017.
  352. Clauss SB, Anderson JB, Lannon C, et al: Quality improvement through collaboration: the National Pediatric Quality Improvement Collaborative Initiative, Curr Opin Pediatr 27(5):555–562, 2015.
  353. Clouchoux C, du Plessis AJ, Bouyssi-Kobar M, et al: Delayed cortical development in fetuses with complex congenital heart disease, Cereb Cortex 23(12):2932–2943, 2013.
  354. Harris IS: Management of pregnancy in patients with congenital heart disease, Prog Cardiovasc Dis 53:305–311, 2011.
  355. Hoffman TM, Bush DM, Wernovsky G, et al: Postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia in children: incidence, risk factors, and treatment, Ann Thorac Surg 74:1607–1611, 2002.
  356. Hoffman TM, Wernovsky G, Atz AM, et al: Efficacy and safety of milrinone in preventing low cardiac output syndrome in infants and children after corrective surgery for congenital heart disease, Circulation 107:996–1002, 2003.
  357. Homsy J, Zaidi S, Shen Y, et al: De novo mutations in congenital heart disease with neurodevelopmental and other congenital anomalies, Science 350(6265):1262–1266, 2015.
  358. Khairy P, Ionescu-Ittu R, Mackie AS, et al: Changing mortality in congenital heart disease, J Am Coll Cardiol 56(14):1149–1157, 2010.
  359. Khan A, Kim YY: Pregnancy in complex ÂÏÑ: focus on patients with fontan circulation and patients with a systemic right ventricle, Cardiol Young 25(8):1608–1614, 2015.
  360. Kwiatkowski DM, Krawczeski CD: Acute kidney injury and fluid overload in infants and children after cardiac surgery, Pediatr Nephrol 2017. doi:10.1007/s00467-017-3643-2.
  361. Kwon EN, Mussatto K, Simpson PM, et al: Children and adolescents with repaired tetralogy of fallot report quality of life similar to healthy peers, Congenit Heart Dis 6:18–27, 2011.
  362. Ladouceur M, Calderon J, Traore M, et al: Educational needs of adolescents with congenital heart disease: impact of a transition intervention programme, Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2017. pii: S1875-2136(17)30057-8.
  363. Latal B: Neurodevelopmental outcomes of the child with congenital heart disease, Clin Perinatol 43(1):173–185, 2016.
  364. Limbers CA, Emery K, Uzark K: Factors associated with perceived cognitive problems in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease, J Clin Psychol Med Settings 20:192–198, 2013.
  365. Limperopoulos C, Tworetzky W, McElhinney DB, et al: Brain volume and metabolism in fetuses with congenital heart disease, Circulation 121:26–33, 2010.
  366. Marino BS, Lipkin PH, Newburger JW, et al: Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with congenital heart disease: evaluation and management: a scientific statement from the American heart association, Circulation 126:1143–1172, 2012.
  367. Mebius MJ, Kooi EMW, Bilardo CM, Bos AF: Brain injury and neurodevelopmental outcome in congenital heart disease: a systematic review, Pediatrics 140(1): e20164055, 2017.
  368. Morales DL, Zafar F, Almond CS, et al: Berlin heart EXCOR use in patients with congenital heart disease, J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. pii: S1053-2498(17)31350-5.
  369. Morton PD, Ishibashi N, Jonas RA: Neurodevelopmental abnormalities and congenital heart disease: insights into altered brain maturation, Circ Res 120(6):960–977, 2017.
  370. Naef N, Liamlahi R, Beck I, et al: Neurodevelopmental profiles of children with congenital heart disease at school age, J Pediatr 188:75–81, 2017.
  371. Oster ME, Lee KA, Honein MA, et al: Temporal trends in survival among infants with critical congenital heart defects, Pediatrics 131: e1502-e1508, 2013.
  372. Owens JL, Musa N: Nutrition support after neonatal cardiac surgery, Nutr Clin Pract 24:242–249, 2009.
  373. Pike NA, Evangelista LS, Doering LV, et al: Quality of life, health status, and depression: comparison between adolescents and adults after the fontan procedure with healthy counterparts, J Cardiovasc Nurs 27:539–546, 2012.
  374. Salvin JW, Laussen PC, Thiagarajan RR: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for postcardiotomy mechanical cardiovascular support in children with congenital heart disease, Paediatr Anaesth 18:1157–1162, 2008.
  375. Sarajuuri A, Jokinen E, Mildh L, et al: Neurodevelopmental burden at age 5 years in patients with univentricular heart, Pediatrics 130: e1636-e1646, 2012.
  376. Walker K, Badawi N, Halliday R, et al: Early development outcomes following major noncardiac and cardiac surgery in term infants: a population-based study, J Pediatr 161:748–752, 2012.
  377. Zuluaga MT: Chylothorax after surgery for congenital heart disease, Curr Opin Pediatr 24:291–294, 2012.
  378. Asrani SK, Warnes CA, Kamath PS: Hepatocellular carcinoma after the fontan procedure, N Engl J Med 368:1756–1757, 2013.
  379. Betranon EG, Blackstone EH, Hazelrig JB, et al: Life expectancy without surgery in tetralogy of fallot, Am J Cardiol 42:458–466, 1978.
  380. Cantor WJ, Harrison DA, Moussadji JS, et al: Determinants of survival and length of survival in adults with Eisenmenger's syndrome, Am J Cardiol 84:677–681, 1999.
  381. Cohen M, Foster V, Steele PM, et al: Coarctation of the aorta: long-term follow-up and prediction of outcome after surgical correction, Circulation 80:840–845, 1989.
  382. Earing MG, Connolly HM, Dearani JA, et al: Long-term follow-up of patients after surgical treatment of isolated pulmonary valve stenosis, Mayo Clin Proc 80:871–876, 2005.
  383. Earing MG, Webb G: Congenital heart disease and pregnancy: maternal and fetal risks, Clin Perinatol 32:913–919, 2005.
  384. Keane JF, Driscoll DJ, Gersony WM, et al: Second natural history study of congenital heart defects: results of treatment of patients with aortic valve stenosis, Circulation 87: I-21-I-26, 1993.
  385. Losay J, Touchot S, Serraf A, et al: Late outcome after arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries, Circulation 104: I121–I126, 2001.
  386. Mitchell SC, Korones SB, Berendes HW: Congenital heart disease in 56,109 births: incidence and natural history, Circulation 43:323–332, 1971.
  387. Nollert G, Fischlein T, Bouterwek S, et al: Long-term survival in patients with repair of tetralogy of fallot: 36-year follow-up of 490 survivors of the first year after surgical repair, J Am Coll Cardiol 30:1374–1383, 1997.
  388. O'Leary JM, Siddiqi OK, de Ferranti S, et al: The changing demographics of congenital heart disease hospitalizations in the United States, 1998 through 2010, JAMA 309:984–986, 2013.
  389. Perloff JK: Congenital heart disease after childhood: an expanding patient population: 22nd bethesda conference, Maryland, October 18–19, 1990, J Am Coll Cardiol 18:311–342, 1991.
  390. Perloff JK, Warnes CA: Challenges posed by adults with repaired congenital heart disease, Circulation 103:2637–2643, 2001.
  391. Spence MS, Balaratnam MS, Gatzoulis MA: Clinical update: cyanotic adult congenital heart disease, Lancet 370:1530–1532, 2007.
  392. Swedberg K, McMurray JJV, Young JB: More hepatocellular carcinoma after the fontan procedure, N Engl J Med 369:490–491, 2013.
  393. Therrien J, Dore A, Gersony W, et al: CCS consensus conference 2001 update: recommendations for the management of adults with congenital heart disease. Part i, Can J Cardiol 17:940–959, 2001.
  394. Warnes CA, Williams RG, Bashore TM, et al: ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: a report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on practice guidelines, Circulation 118: e714-e833, 2008.
  395. Wilson NJ, Clarkson PM, Barratt-Boyes BG, et al: Long-term outcome after the mustard repair for simple transposition of the great arteries: 28 year follow-up, J Am Coll Cardiol 32:758–765, 1998.
  396. Abrams DJ, Perkin MA, Skinner JR: Long QT syndrome, BMJ 340:b4815, 2010.
  397. Ackerman JP, Bartos DC, Kapplinger JD, et al: The promise and peril of precision medicine: phenotyping still matters most, Mayo Clin Proc 91(11):1606–1616, 2016.
  398. Ackerman MJ: Genotype-phenotype relationships in congenital long QT syndrome, J Electrocardiol 38(4 Suppl):4–68, 2005.
  399. Ackerman MJ: Molecular basis of congenital and acquired long QT syndromes, J Electrocardiol 37(Suppl):1–6, 2004.
  400. Alabed S, Sabouni A, Providencia R, et al: Adenosine versus intravenous calcium channel antagonists for supraventricular tachycardia (review), Cochrane Database Syst Rev (10):CD005154, 2017.
  401. Butta C, Tuttolomondo A, Giarrusso L, Pinto A: Electrocardiographic diagnosis of atrial tachycardia: classification, P-wave morphology, and differential diagnosis with other supraventricular tachycardias, Ann Noninvas Electrocardiol 20(4):314–327, 2015.
  402. Camm AJ: Cardiac arrhythmias: trials and tribulations, Lancet 380:1448–1450, 2012. Ceresnak SR, Liberman L, Silver ES, et al: Lone atrial fibrillation in the young — perhaps not so “lone, J Pediatr 162:827–831, 2013.
  403. Chen PS, Priori SG: The brugada syndrome, J Am Coll Cardiol 51:1176–1180, 2008.
  404. Chui SN, Wang JK, Wu MH, et al: Cardiac conduction disturbance detected in a pediatric population, J Pediatr 152:85–89, 2008.
  405. Chun TU, Van Hare GF: Advances in the approach to treatment of supraventricular tachycardia in the pediatric population, Curr Cardiol Rev 6:322–326, 2004.
  406. Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Section on Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery: Ventricular fibrillation and the use of automated external defibrillators on children, Pediatrics 120:1159–1161, 2007.
  407. Crotti L, Tester DJ, White WM, et al: Long QT syndrome-associated mutations intrauterine fetal death, JAMA 309:1473–1482, 2013.
  408. Cuculich PS, Schill MR, Kashani R, et al: Noninvasive cardiac radiation for ablation of ventricular tachycardia, N Engl J Med 377(24):2325–2336, 2017.
  409. Delacretaz E: Clinical practice. Supraventricular tachycardia, N Engl J Med 354: 1039–1051, 2006.
  410. Dobrev D, Nattel S: New antiarrhythmic drugs for treatment of atrial fibrillation, Lancet 375:1212–1220, 2010.
  411. Dunnigan A, Benson DW Jr, Banditt DG: Atrial flutter in infancy: diagnosis, clinical features, and treatment, Pediatrics 75:725–729, 1985.
  412. Ellinor PT, Lunetta KL, Glazer NL, et al: Common variants in KCNN3 are associated with lone atrial fibrillation, Nat Genet 42:240–244, 2010.
  413. Epstein A, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, et al: ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: executive summary. A report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on practice guidelines, Circulation 117(21):2008.
  414. Eronen M, Siren MK, Ekblad H, et al: Short- and long-term outcome of children with congenital complete heart block diagnosed in utero as a newborn, Pediatrics 106:86–91, 2000.
  415. Etheridge SP, Saarel EV: The infant with supraventricular tachycardia: diagnosis and management, Prog Pediatr Cardiol 35:1–6, 2013.
  416. Finsterer J, Stollberger C, Keller H: Arrhythmia-related workup in hereditary myopathies, J Electrocardiol 45:376–384, 2012.
  417. Friedman RA, Walsh EP, Silka MJ, et al: NASPE expert consensus conference: radiofrequency catheter ablation in children with and without congenital heart disease. Report of the writing committee, North American society of pacing and electrophysiology, Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 25(6):1000–1017, 2002.
  418. Fu Q, VanGundy TB, Galbreath M, et al: Cardiac origins of the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, J Am Coll Cardiol 55(25):2858–2868, 2010.
  419. Goldberger Z, Lampert R: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, JAMA 295:809–818, 2006.
  420. Grace AA, Roden DM: Systems biology and cardiac arrhythmias, Lancet 380:1498–1506, 2012.
  421. Heiner JD, Bullard-Berent JH, Inbar S: A case of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, Pediatr Emerg Care 27:1065–1068, 2011.
  422. Hodgson-Zingman DM, Karst ML, Zingman LV, et al: Atrial natriuretic peptide frameshift mutation in familial atrial fibrillation, N Engl J Med 359:158–165, 2008.
  423. Imboden M, Swan H, Denjoy I, et al: Female predominance and transmission distortion in the long-QT syndrome, N Engl J Med 355:2744–2751, 2006.
  424. John RM, Tedrow UB, Kaplan BA, et al: Ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death, Lancet 380:1520–1528, 2012.
  425. Karst ML, Herron KJ, Olson TM: X-linked nonsyndromic sinus node dysfunction and atrial fibrillation caused by Emerin mutation, J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 19:510–515, 2005.
  426. Kaultman H, Shah M: Evaluation of the child with an arrhythmia, Pediatr Clin North Am 51:1537–1551, 2004.
  427. Kiger ME, et al: Intermittent versus persistent wolff-parkinson-white syndrome in children: electrophysiologic properties and clincial outcomes, Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 39(1):14–20, 2016.
  428. Kirk CR, Gibbs JL, Thomas R: Cardiovascular collapse after verapamil in supraventricular tachycardia, Arch Dis Child 62:1265–1266, 1987.
  429. Lafuente-Lafuente C, Mahe I, Extramiana F: Management of atrial fibrillation, BMJ 340:40–45, 2010.
  430. LaPage MJ, Russell MW, Bradley DJ, et al: Novel ryanodine receptor 2 mutation associated with a severe phenotype of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, J Pediatr 161:362–364, 2012.
  431. Lee G, Sanders P, Kalman JM: Catheter ablation of atrial arrhythmias: state of the art, Lancet 380:1509–1518, 2012.
  432. Lewis J, Arora G, Tudorascu DL, et al: Acute management of refractory and unstable pediatric supraventricular tachycardia, J Pediatr 181:177–182, 2017.
  433. Link MS: Evaluations and initial treatment of supraventricular tachycardia, N Engl J Med 367:1438–1448, 2012.
  434. MacCormick JM, McAlister H, Crawford J, et al: Misdiagnosis of long QT syndrome as epilepsy at first presentation, Ann Emerg Med 54:26–32, 2009.
  435. Marine JE: Catheter ablation therapy for supraventricular arrhythmias, JAMA 298:2768–2778, 2007.
  436. Martin K, Bates G, Whitehouse WP: Transient loss of consciousness and syncope in children and young people: what you need to know, Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 66–72, 2010.
  437. Mazzanti A, Maragna R, Faragli A, et al: Gene-specific therapy with mexiletine reduces arrhythmic events in patients with long QT syndrome type 3, J Coll Cardiol 67(9):1053–1058, 2016.
  438. Skinner JR, Chung SK, Nel CA, et al: Brugada syndrome masquerading as febrile seizures, Pediatrics 119:e1206-e1211, 2007.
  439. Tester DJ, Ackerman MJ: The role of molecular autopsy in unexplained sudden cardiac death, Curr Opin Cardiol 21:166–172, 2006.
  440. Thavendiranathan P, Bagai A, Khoo C, et al: Does this patient with palpitations have a cardiac arrhythmia? JAMA 302(19):2135–2143, 2009.
  441. Van Hare GF, Dubin AM, Collins KK: Invasive electrophysiology in children: state of the art, J Electrocardiol 35(Suppl):165–174, 2002.
  442. Van Norstrand DW, Ackerman MJ: Sudden infant death syndrome: do ion channels play a role?, Heart Rhythm 6:272–278, 2009.
  443. Vetter VL, Elia J, Erickson C, et al: Cardiovascular monitoring of children and adolescents with heart disease receiving stimulant drugs: a scientific statement from the American heart association council on cardiovascular disease in the young congenital cardiac defects committee and the council on cardiovascular nursing, Circulation 117(18):2407–2423, 2008.
  444. Westby M, Bullock I, Cooper PN, et al: Transient loss of consciousness — initial assessment, diagnosis, and specialist referral: summary of NICE guidance, BMJ 341:552–556, 2010.
  445. Whinnett Z, Sohaib SMA, Davies DW: Diagnosis and management of supraventricular tachycardia, BMJ 345:33–38, 2012.
  446. Wilde AAM, Bhuiyan ZA, Crotti L, et al: Left cardiac sympathetic denervation for catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, N Engl J Med 358:2024–2029, 2008.
  447. Wolf CM, Berul CI: Inherited conduction system abnormalities—one group of diseases, many genes, J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 17:446–455, 2006.
  448. Zeuli JD, Wilson JW, Estes LL: Effect of combined fluoroquinolone and azole use on QT prolongation in hematology patients, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57:1121–1127, 2013.
  449. Al-Khatib SL, Stevenson WG, Ackerman MJ, et al: 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: executive summary: a report of the American college of cardiology foundation / American heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines and the heart rhythm society, Circulation 2017.
  450. Atkins DL, Everson-Stewart S, Sears GK, et al: Epidemiology and outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in children, Circulation 119:1484–1491, 2009.
  451. Baggish AL, Hutter AM Jr, Wang F, et al: Cardiovascular screening in college athletes with and without electrocardiography, Ann Intern Med 152:269–275, 2010.
  452. Bagnall RD, Weintraub RG, Duflou IJ, et al: A prospective study of sudden cardiac death among children and young adults, N Engl J Med 374(25):2441–2452, 2016.
  453. Burkhardt BEU, Fischer PR, Brands CK, et al: Exercise performance in adolescents with autonomic dysfunction, J Pediatr 158:28–32, 2011.
  454. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Three sudden cardiac deaths associated with lyme carditis — United States, November 2012-July 2013, MMWR 62:993–996, 2013.
  455. Chaitman BR, Fromer M: Should ECG be required in young athletes?, Lancet 371:1489–1490, 2008.
  456. Chockalingam P, Rammeloo LA, Postema PG, et al: Fever-induced life-threatening arrhythmias in children harboring an SCN5A mutation, Pediatrics 127(1):e239-e244, 2011.
  457. Crandall L, Devinsky O: Sudden unexplained death in children, Lancet 1:8-9, 2017. De Marco S, Giannini C, Chiavaroli V, et al: Brugada syndrome unmasked by febrile illness in an asymptomatic child, J Pediatr 161:769, 2012.
  458. Doolan A, Langlois N, Semsarian C: Causes of sudden cardiac death in young australians, Med J Aust 180:110–112, 2004.
  459. El-Assaad I, Al-Kindi SG, Aziz PF: Trends of out-of-hospital sudden cardiac death among children and young adults, Pediatrics 140(6):e20171438, 2017.
  460. Finocchiaro G, Papadakis M, Robertus JL, et al: Etiology of sudden death in sports, J Am Coll Cardiol 67(18):2108–2115, 2016.
  461. Fish FA, Kannankeril PJ: Diagnosis and management of sudden death in children, Curr Opin Pediatr 24:592–602, 2012.
  462. Gould MS, Walsh BT, Munfakh JL, et al: Sudden death and use of stimulant medications in youths, Am J Psychiatry 166:992–1001, 2009.
  463. Harmon KG, Asif I, Maleszewski JJ, et al: Incidence, cause, and comparative frequency of sudden cardiac death in national collegiate athletic association athletes, Circulation 132:10–19, 2015.
  464. Harmon KG, Asif I, Klossner D, et al: Incidence of sudden cardiac death in national collegiate athletic association athletes, Circulation 123:1594–1600, 2011.
  465. Harmon KG, Drezner JA, Maleszewski JJ, et al: Etiologies of sudden cardiac death in national collegiate athletic association athletes, Circulation 7:198–204, 2014.
  466. Hill AC, Miyake CY, Grady S, et al: Accuracy of interpretation of preparticipation screening electrocardiograms, J Pediatr 159:783–788, 2011.
  467. Hofman N, Tan HL, Clur SA, et al: Contribution of inherited heart disease to sudden cardiac death in childhood, Pediatrics 120:e967-e973, 2007.
  468. Olson EN: Gene regulatory networks in the evolution and development of the heart, Science 313:1922–1927, 2006.
  469. Paige SL, Plonowska K, Xu A, Wu SM: Molecular regulation of cardiomyocyte differentiation, Circ Res 116(2):341–353, 2015.
  470. Peral SC, Bernstein D, Nelson TJ: Regenerative medicine: from stem cell biology to clinical trials for pediatric heart failure, Prog Pediatr Cardiol 43:87–89, 2017.
  471. Srivastava D: Genetic regulation of cardiogenesis and congenital heart disease, Annu Rev Pathol 1:199–213, 2006.
  472. Srivastava D: Making or breaking the heart: from lineage determination to morphogenesis, Cell 126:1037–1048, 2006.
  473. Van der Linde D, Konings EE, Slager MA, et al: Birth prevalence of congenital heart disease worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis, J Am Coll Cardiol 58:2241–2247, 2011.
  474. Barker DJ: The origins of the developmental origins theory, J Intern Med 261:412–417, 2007.
  475. Donofrio MT, Levy RJ, Schuette JJ, et al: Specialized delivery room planning for fetuses with critical congenital heart disease, Am J Cardiol 111:737–747, 2013.
  476. Freud LR, McElhinney DB, Marshall AC, et al: Fetal aortic valvuloplasty for evolv¬ing hypoplastic left heart syndrome: postnatal outcomes of the first 100 patients, Circulation 130(8):638–645, 2014.
  477. Friedberg MK, Silverman NH, Moon-Grady AJ, et al: Prenatal detection of congenital heart disease, J Pediatr 155(1):26–31, 2009.
  478. Gluckman PD, Hanson MA, Pinal C: The developmental origins of adult disease, Matern Child Nutr 1:130–141, 2005.
  479. Ionescu-Ittu R, Marelli AJ, Mackie AS, et al: Prevalence of severe congenital heart disease after folic acid fortification of grain products: time trend analysis in Quebec, Canada, BMJ 338:b1673, 2009.
  480. Ozanne SE, Fernandez-Twinn D, Hales CN: Fetal growth and adult diseases, Semin Perinatol 28:81–87, 2004.
  481. Ravi P, Mills L, Fruitman D, et al: Population trends in prenatal detection of transposition of great arteries: impact of obstetrical screening ultrasound guidelines, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 51:659–664, 2018.
  482. Rudolph AM: Aortopulmonary transposition in the fetus: speculation on pathophysiology and therapy, Pediatr Res 61:375–380, 2007.
  483. Rudolph AM: Congenital diseases of the heart: clinical-physiological considerations, ed 3, New York, 2009, Wiley-Blackwell.
  484. Szwast A, Rychik J: Prenatal diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome: can we optimize outcomes? J Am Soc Echocardiogr 26(9):1080–1083, 2013.
  485. Trines J, Hornberger LK: Evolution of heart disease in utero, Pediatr Cardiol 25:287–298, 2004.
  486. Biancaniello T: Innocent murmurs, Circulation 111:e20-e22, 2005.
  487. Jarjour IT, Jarjour LK: Low iron storage in children and adolescents with neurally mediated syncope, J Pediatr 153:40–44, 2008.
  488. Kaltman JR, Thompson PD, Lantos J, et al: Screening for sudden cardiac death in the young, Circulation 123:1911–1918, 2011.
  489. Kelly J, Kenny D, Martin RP, et al: Diagnosis and management of elite young athletes undergoing arrhythmia intervention, Arch Dis Child 96:21–24, 2011.
  490. Kenny D, Martin R: Drowning and sudden cardiac death, Arch Dis Child 96:5-8, 2011. Kumpf M, Sieverding L, Gass M, et al: Anomalous origin of left coronary artery in young athletes with syncope, BMJ 332:1139–1141, 2006.
  491. Landry CH, Allan KS, Connelly KA, et al: Sudden cardiac arrest during participation in competitive sports, N Engl J Med 377(20):1943–1952, 2017.
  492. Lane JR, Ben-Shachar G: Myocardial infarction in healthy adolescents, Pediatrics 120:e938-e943, 2007.
  493. Leslie LK, Cohen JT, Newburger JW, et al: Costs and benefits of targeted screening for causes of sudden cardiac death in children and adolescents, Circulation 125:2621–2629, 2012.
  494. Magalski A, McCoy M, Zabel M, et al: Cardiovascular screening with electrocardiography and echocardiography in collegiate athletes, Am J Med 124:511–518, 2011.
  495. Mahle WT, Campbell RM, Favaloro-Sabatier J: Myocardial infarction in adolescents, J Pediatr 151:150–154, 2007.
  496. Maron BJ, Estes NAM III: Commotio cordis, N Engl J Med 362:917–927, 2010.
  497. Maron BJ, Haas TS, Doerer JJ, et al: Comparison of US and Italian experiences with sudden cardiac deaths in young competitive athletes and implications for preparticipation screening strategies, Am J Cardiol 104:276–280, 2009.
  498. Maron BJ, Udelson JE, Bonow RO, et al: Eligibility and disqualification recommendations for competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities. Task force 3: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and other cardiomyopathies, and myocarditis, Circulation 132:e273-e280, 2015.
  499. Ozyilmaz I, Akyol B, Ergul Y: Sudden cardiac arrest while eating a hot dog: a rare presentation of brugada syndrome in a child, Pediatrics 140(4):e20162485, 2017.
  500. Perrin JM, Friedman RA, Knilans TK: Black box working group; Section on cardiology and cardiac surgery: cardiovascular monitoring and stimulant drugs for attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Pediatrics 122(2):451–453, 2008.
  501. Pelliccia A, Di Paolo FM, Quattrini FM, et al: Outcomes in athletes with marked ECG repolarization abnormalities, N Engl J Med 358:152–161, 2008.
  502. Plunkett A, Hulse JA, Gill MJ: Variable presentation of brugada syndrome: lesions from three generations with syncope, BMJ 326:1078–1079, 2003.
  503. Rausch CM, Phillips GC: Adherence to guidelines for cardiovascular screening in current high school preparticipation evaluation forms, J Pediatr 155:584–586, 2009.
  504. Rodday AM, Triedman JK, Alexander ME, et al: Electrocardiogram screening for disorders that cause sudden cardiac death in asymptomatic children: a meta-analysis, Pediatrics 129:e999-e1010, 2012.
  505. Rowland T: Sudden unexpected death in young athletes: reconsidering “hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Pediatrics 123:1217–1222, 2009.
  506. Saul JP, Gidding SS: ECG screening for sudden cardiac death in children and adolescents, Circulation 125:2560–2562, 2012.
  507. Sofi F, Capalbo A, Pucci N, et al: Cardiovascular evaluation, including resting and exercise electrocardiography, before participation in competitive sports: cross sectional study, BMJ 337:88–92, 2008.
  508. Steinvil A, Chundadze T, Zeltser D, et al: Mandatory electrocardiographic screening of athletes to reduce their risk for sudden death, J Am Coll Cardiol 57(11):1291–1296, 2011.
  509. Stewart JM: Reduced iron stores and its effect on vasovagal syncope (simple faint), J Pediatr 153:9–11, 2008.
  510. Talib S, van de Poll SW: Brugada syndrome diagnosed after ramadan, Lancet 382:100, 2013.
  511. Vacanti G, Maragna R, Priori SG, Mazzanti A: Genetic causes of sudden cardiac death in children: inherited arrhythmogenic diseases, Curr Opin Pediatr 29:552–559, 2017.
  512. Weinstock J, Maron BJ, Song C, et al: Failure of commercially available chest wall protectors to prevent sudden cardiac death induced by chest wall blows in an experimental model of commotio cordis, Pediatrics 117:e656-e662, 2006.
  513. Wheeler MT, Heidenreich PA, Froelicher VF, et al: Cost-effectiveness of preparticipation screening for prevention of sudden cardiac death in young athletes, Ann Intern Med 152:276–286, 2010.
  514. Abdelhady W, Bayer AS, Gonzales R, et al: Telavancin is active against experimental aortic valve endocarditis caused by daptomycin- and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 61(2):e1877-e1916, 2017.
  515. Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, et al: Diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications. A scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American heart association, Circulation 132(15):1435–1486, 2015.
  516. Meadow MS: Postural tachycardia syndrome from a pediatrics perspective, J Pediatr 158(1):4–5, 2011.
  517. Miller MD, Porter CJ, Ackerman MJ: Diagnostic accuracy of screening electrocardiograms in long QT syndrome I, Pediatrics 108:8–12, 2001.
  518. Moeller JR, Gummin DD, Nelson TJ, et al: Risk of ventricular arrhythmias and association with ondansetron, J Pediatr 179:118–123, 2016.
  519. Morita H, Wu J, Zipes DP: The QT syndromes: long and short, Lancet 372:750–762, 2008.
  520. Ojha A, Chelimsky TC, Chelimsky G: Comorbidities in pediatric patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, J Pediatr 158:119–122, 2011.
  521. Ortiz M, Martin A, Arribas F, et al: Randomized comparison of intravenous procainamide vs. intravenous amiodarone for the acute treatment of tolerated wide QRS tachycardia: the PROCAMIO study, Eur Heart J 38(17):1329–1335, 2017.
  522. Probst V, Denjoy I, Meregalli PG, et al: Clinical aspects and prognosis of brugada syndrome in children, Circulation 115:2042–2048, 2007.
  523. Quaglini S, Rognoni C, Spazzolini C, et al: Cost-effectiveness of neonatal ECG screening for the long QT syndrome, Eur Heart J 27:1824–1832, 2006.
  524. Ray WA, Murray KT, Hall K, et al: Azithromycin and the risk of cardiovascular death, N Engl J Med 366:1881–1890, 2012.
  525. Roden DM: Drug-induced prolongation of the QT interval, N Engl J Med 350:1013–1022, 2004.
  526. Rosso R, Kistler PM: Focal atrial tachycardia, Heart 96:181–185, 2010.
  527. Salerno JC, Seslar SP: Supraventricular tachycardia, Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 163:268–274, 2009.
  528. Schembri S, Williamson PA, Short PM, et al: Cardiovascular events after clarithromycin use in lower respiratory tract infections: analysis of two prospective cohort studies, BMJ 346:f1235, 2013.
  529. Schwartz PJ, Ackerman MJ: The long QT syndrome: a transatlantic clinical approach to diagnosis and therapy, Eur Heart J 34:3109–3116, 2013.
  530. Schwartz PJ, Crotti L, Insolia R: Long-QT syndrome — from genetics to management, Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 5:868–877, 2012.
  531. Baltimore RS, Gewitz M, Baddour LM, et al: Infective endocarditis in childhood: 2015 update. A scientific statement from the American heart association, Circulation 132:1487–1515, 2015.
  532. Britt NS, Potter EM, Patel N, Steed ME: Comparative effectiveness and safety of standard-, medium-, and high-dose daptomycin strategies for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia among veterans affairs patients, Clin Infect Dis 64:605–613, 2017.
  533. Elder RW, Baltimore RS: The changing epidemiology of pediatric endocarditis, Infect Dis Clin North Am 29:513–524, 2015.
  534. Fleischauer AT, Ruhl L, Rhea S, Barnes E: Hospitalizations for endocarditis and associated health care costs among persons with diagnosed drug dependence, North carolina, 2010-2015, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 66(22):569–572, 2017.
  535. Tissieres P, Gervaix A, Beghetti M, et al: Value and limitations of the von reyn, Duke, and modified duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis in children, Pediatrics 112:e467, 2003.
  536. Toyoda N, Chikwe J, Itaaki S, et al: Trends in infective endocarditis in California and New York, 1998-2013, JAMA 317(16):1652–1660, 2017.
  537. Wilson W, Taubert KA, Gewitz M, et al: Prevention of infective endocarditis. guidelines from the American heart association, Circulation 116:1736–1754, 2007.
  538. Camara EJ, Neubauer C, Camara GF, et al: Mechanisms of mitral valvar insufficiency in children and adolescents with severe rheumatic heart disease: an echocardiographic study with clinical and epidemiological correlations, Cardiol Young 14:527–532, 2004.
  539. Chang C: Cutting edge issues in rheumatic fever, Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 42:213–237, 2012.
  540. Gewitz MH, Baltimore RS, Tani LY, et al: On behalf of the American Heart Association Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis and Kawasaki disease of the council on cardiovascular disease in the young. Revision of the jones criteria for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever in the era of doppler echocardiography: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association, Circulation 131:1806–1818, 2015.
  541. Guilherme L, Ramasawmy R, Kalil J: Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: genetics and pathogenesis, Scand J Immunol 66:199–207, 2007.
  542. Kerdemelidis M, Lennon DR, Arroll B, et al: The primary prevention of rheumatic fever, J Paediatr Child Health 46:534–548, 2010.
  543. Lawrence JG, Carapetis JR, Griffiths K, et al: Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Incidence and progression in the northern territory of Australia, 1997–2010, Circulation 128:492–501, 2013.
  544. Marijon E, Mirabel M, Celermajer DS, et al: Rheumatic heart disease, Lancet 379: 953–962, 2012.
  545. Narula J, Chandrasekhar Y, Rahimtoola S: Diagnosis of active rheumatic carditis, Circulation 100:1576–1581, 1999.
  546. Remenyi B, Wilson N, Steer A, et al: World heart federation criteria for echocardiographic diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease — an evidence-based guideline, Nat Rev Cardiol 9:297–309, 2012.
  547. Remenyi B, ElGuindy A, Smith SC, et al: Valvular aspects of rheumatic heart disease, Lancet 387:1335–1346, 2016.
  548. Pietra BA, Kantor PF, Bartlett HL, et al: Early predictors of survival to and after heart transplantation in children with dilated cardiomyopathy, Circulation 126:1079–1086, 2012.
  549. Rusconi P, Wilkinson JD, Sleeper LA: Differences in presentation and outcomes between children with familial dilated cardiomyopathy and children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: a report from the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry Study Group, Circ Heart Fail 10:2017.
  550. Ware SM: Genetics of paediatric cardiomyopathies, Curr Opin Pediatr 29:534–540, 2017. Weintraub RG, Semsarian C, Macdonald P: Dilated cardiomyopathy, Lancet 390:400–414, 2017.
  551. Wildenbeest JG, Wolthers KC, Straver B, et al: Successful IVIG treatment of human parechovirus associated dilated cardiomyopathy in an infant, Pediatrics 132: e243-e247, 2013.
  552. Woiewodski L, Ezon D, Cooper J, Feingold B: Barth syndrome with late-onset cardiomyopathy: a missed opportunity for diagnosis, J Pediatr 183:196–198, 2017.
  553. Maron BJ, Spirito P, Ackerman MJ, et al: Prevention of sudden cardiac death with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in children and adolescents with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, J Am Coll Cardiol 61:1527–1535, 2013.
  554. Maron MS: Risk stratification in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: highly effective, but could it be better?, Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 10:2017.
  555. Munk K, Jensen MK: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in childhood: risk management through family screening, J Pediatr 188:10–11, 2017.
  556. Norrish G, Cantarutti N, Pissaridou E, et al: Risk factors for sudden cardiac death in childhood hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Eur J Prev Cardiol 24:1220–1230, 2017.
  557. Owens AT, Cappola TP: Recreational exercise in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, JAMA 317(13):1319–1320, 2017.
  558. Saberi S, Wheeler M, Bragg-Gresham J, et al: Effect of moderate-intensity exercise training on peak oxygen consumption in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a randomized clinical trial, JAMA 317(13):1349–1356, 2017.
  559. Sedaghat-Hamedani F, Kayvanpour E, Tugrul OF, et al: Clinical outcomes associated with sarcomere mutations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a meta-analysis on 7675 individuals, Clin Res Cardiol 107(1):30–41, 2018.
  560. Soriano-Maldonado A, Vargas-Hitos JA, Jimenez-Jaimez J: Exercise for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, JAMA 318:480–481, 2017.
  561. Tower-Rader A, Betancor J, Lever HM, et al: A comprehensive review of stress testing in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: assessment of functional capacity, identification of prognostic indicators, and detection of coronary artery disease, J Am Soc Echocardiogr 30(9):829–844, 2017.
  562. Vermeer AMC, Clur SAB, Blom NA, et al: Penetrance of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children who are mutation positive, J Pediatr 188:91–95, 2017.
  563. Veselka J, Anavekar NS, Charron P: Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, Lancet 389:1253–1264, 2017.
  564. Mahmoud A, Bansal M, Sengupta PP: New cardiac imaging algorithms to diagnose constrictive pericarditis versus restrictive cardiomyopathy, Curr Cardiol Rep 19:43, 2017.
  565. Rindler TN, Hinton RB, Salomonis N, et al: Molecular characterization of pediatric restrictive cardiomyopathy from integrative genomics, Sci Rep 7:39276, 2017.
  566. Ryan TD, Madueme PC, Jefferies JL, et al: Utility of echocardiography in the assessment of left ventricular diastolic function and restrictive physiology in children and young adults with restrictive cardiomyopathy: a comparative echocardiography-catheterization study, Pediatr Cardiol 38:381–389, 2017.
  567. Webber SA, Lipshultz SE, Sleeper LA, et al: Outcomes of restrictive cardiomyopathy in childhood and the influence of phenotype: a report from the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry, Circulation 126:1237–1244, 2012.
  568. Arbustini E, Favalli V, Narula N, et al: Left ventricular noncompaction: a distinct genetic cardiomyopathy? J Am Coll Cardiol 68:949–966, 2016.
  569. Beaton A, Mocumbi AO: Diagnosis and management of endomyocardial fibrosis, Cardiol Clin 35:87–98, 2017.
  570. Chebrolu LH, Mehta AM, Nanda NC: Noncompaction cardiomyopathy: the role of advanced multimodality imaging techniques in diagnosis and assessment, Echocardiography 34:279–289, 2017.
  571. Corrado D, Link MS, Calkins H: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, N Engl J Med 376:61–72, 2017.
  572. DePasquale EC, Cheng RK, Deng MC, et al: Survival after heart transplantation in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, J Card Fail 23:107–112, 2017.
  573. Femia G, Sy RW, Puranik R: Systematic review. Impact of the new task force criteria in the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, Int J Cardiol 241:311–317, 2017.
  574. Gupta U, Makhija P: Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy in pediatric patients: a case series of a clinically heterogeneous disease, Pediatr Cardiol 38:681–690, 2017.
  575. Toce MS, Farias M, Bruccoleri R, et al: A case report of reversible takotsubo cardiomyopathy after amphetamine/dextroamphetamine ingestion in a 15-year-old adolescent girl, J Pediatr 182:385–388, 2017.
  576. Bergmann KR, Kharbanda A, Haveman L: Myocarditis and pericarditis in the pediatric patient: validated management strategies, Pediatr Emerg Med Pract 12:1–22, quiz 23, 2015.
  577. Biesbroek PS, Beek AM, Germans T, et al: Diagnosis of myocarditis: current state and future perspectives, Int J Cardiol 191:211–219, 2015.
  578. Bulic A, Maeda K, Zhang Y, et al: Functional status of United States children supported with a left ventricular assist device at heart transplantation, J Heart Lung Transplant 36:890–896, 2017.
  579. Caforio ALP, Malipiero G, Marcolongo R, et al: Myocarditis: a clinical overview, Curr Cardiol Rep 19:63, 2017.
  580. Canter CE, Simpson KE: Diagnosis and treatment of myocarditis in children in the current era, Circulation 129:115–128, 2014.
  581. Comarmond C, Cacoub P: Myocarditis in auto-immune or auto-inflammatory diseases, Autoimmun Rev 16:811–816, 2017.
  582. Feingold B, Mahle WT, Auerbach S, et al: Management of cardiac involvement associated with neuromuscular diseases: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association, Circulation 136(13):e200-e231, 2017.
  583. Ginsberg F, Parrillo JE: Fulminant myocarditis, Crit Care Clin 29:465–483, 2013.
  584. Johnson DB, Balko JM, Compton ML, et al: Fulminant myocarditis with combination immune checkpoint blockade, N Engl J Med 375(18):1749–1755, 2016.
  585. Kindermann I, Barth C, Mahfoud F, et al: Update on myocarditis, J Am Coll Cardiol 59(9):779–792, 2012.
  586. Mazzanti A, Maragna R, Priori SG: Genetic causes of sudden cardiac death in the young, Curr Opin Cardiol 2017.
  587. Sinagra G, Anzini M, Pereira NL, et al: Myocarditis in clinical practice, Mayo Clin Proc 91:1256–1266, 2016.
  588. Teele SA, Allan CK, Laussen PC, et al: Management and outcomes in pediatric patients presenting with acute fulminant myocarditis, J Pediatr 158:638–643, 2011.
  589. Ware SM: Genetics of paediatric cardiomyopathies, Curr Opin Pediatr 29(5):534–540, 2017.
  590. Westphal JG, Rigopoulos AG, Bakogiannis C, et al: The MOGE(S) classification for cardiomyopathies: current status and future outlook, Heart Fail Rev 22(6):743–752, 2017.
  591. Xiong H, Xia B, Zhu J, et al: Clinical outcomes in pediatric patients hospitalized with fulminant myocarditis requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a meta-analysis, Pediatr Cardiol 38:209–214, 2017.
  592. Bergmann KR, Kharbanda A, Haveman L: Myocarditis and pericarditis in the pediatric patient: validated management strategies, Pediatr Emerg Med Pract 12:1–22, quiz 23, 2015.
  593. Brucato A, Imazio M, Gattorno M, et al: Effect of anakinra on recurrent pericarditis among patients with colchicine resistance and corticosteroid dependence: the AIRTRIP randomized clinical trial, JAMA 316(18):1906–1911, 2016.
  594. Del Fresno MR, Peralta JE, Granados MA, et al: Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for refractory recurrent pericarditis, Pediatrics 134:e1441-e1446, 2014.
  595. Finetti M, Insalaco A, Cantarini L, et al: Long-term efficacy of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) in corticosteroid-dependent and colchicine-resistant recurrent pericarditis, J Pediatr 164:1425–1431, 2014.
  596. Imazio M, Brucato A, Cemin R, et al: A randomized trial of colchicine for acute pericarditis, N Engl J Med 369:1522–1528, 2013.
  597. LeWinter MM: Acute pericarditis, N Engl J Med 371:2410–2416, 2014.
  598. Shakti D, Hehn R, Gauvreau K, et al: Idiopathic pericarditis and pericardial effusion in children: contemporary epidemiology and management, J Am Heart Assoc 3:e001483, 2014.
  599. Vistarini N, Chen C, Mazine A, et al: Pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis: 20 years of experience at the Montreal Heart Institute, Ann Thorac Surg 100:107–113, 2015.
  600. Goyer I, Dahdah N, Major P: Use of mTOR inhibitor everolimus in three neonates for treatment of tumors associated with tuberous sclerosis complex, Pediatr Neurol 52(4):450–453, 2015.
  601. Kwiatkowska J, Waidoch A, Meyer-Szary J, et al: Cardiac tumors in children: a 20-year review of clinical presentation, diagnostics and treatment, Adv Clin Exp Med 26(2):319–326, 2017.
  602. Shen Q, Shen J, Qiao Z, et al: Cardiac rhabdomyomas associated with tuberous sclerosis complex in children: from presentation to outcome, Herz 40(4):675-678, 2015.
  603. Shenoy S, Shetty S, Lankala S, et al: Cardiovascular oncologic emergencies, Cardiology 138(3):147–158, 2017.
  604. Shi L, Wu L, Fang H, et al: Identification and clinical course of 166 pediatric cardiac tumors, Eur J Pediatr 176(2):253–260, 2017.
  605. Blume ED, Rosenthal DN, Rossano JW, et al: Outcomes of children implanted with ventricular assist devices in the United States: first analysis of the Pediatric Interagency Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support (PediMACS), J Heart Lung Transplant 35:578–584, 2016.
  606. Brown DW, Mangeot C, Anderson JB, et al; National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement: Digoxin use is associated with reduced interstage mortality in patients with no history of arrhythmia after stage i palliation for single ventricle heart disease, J Am Heart Assoc 5(1):e002376, 2016.
  607. Ellison DH, Felker GM: Diuretic treatment in heart failure, N Engl J Med 377(20):1964–1974, 2017.
  608. Fraser CD Jr, Jaquiss RD, Rosenthal DN, et al; Berlin Heart Study: Prospective trial of a pediatric ventricular assist device, N Engl J Med 367:532–541, 2012.
  609. Hollander SA, Addonizio LJ, Chin C, et al: Abdominal complaints as a common first presentation of heart failure in adolescents with dilated cardiomyopathy, Am J Emerg Med 31:684–686, 2013.
  610. Hollander SA, Bernstein D, Yeh Y, et al: Outcomes of children following a first hospitalization for dilated cardiomyopathy, Circ Heart Fail 5:437–443, 2012.
  611. Kantor PF, Lougheed J, Dancea A, et al; Children's Heart Failure Study: Presentation, diagnosis, and medical management of heart failure in children: Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines, Can J Cardiol 29:1535–1552, 2013.
  612. Kirk R, Dipchand AI, Rosenthal DN, et al: The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Guidelines for the management of pediatric heart failure: executive summary [corrected], J Heart Lung Transplant 33:888–909, 2014.
  613. McMurray JJ, Packer M, Desai AS, et al: Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure, N Engl J Med 371:993–1004, 2014.
  614. Mehra MR, Naka Y, Uriel N, et al: A fully magnetically levitated circulatory pump for advanced heart failure, N Engl J Med 376(5):440–450, 2017.
  615. Metra M, Teerlink JR: Heart failure, Lancet 390:1981–1994, 2017.
  616. Motonaga KS, Dubin AM: Cardiac resynchronization therapy for pediatric patients with heart failure and congenital heart disease: a reappraisal of results, Circulation 129:1879–1891, 2014.
  617. O'Connor MJ, Rossano JW: Ventricular assist devices in children, Curr Opin Cardiol 29:113–121, 2014.
  618. Overgaard CB, Dzavik V: Inotropes and vasopressors: review of physiology and clinical use in cardiovascular disease, Circulation 118:1047–1056, 2008.
  619. Packer M, McMurray JJV: Importance of endogenous compensatory vasoactive peptides in broadening the effects of inhibitors of the renon-angiotensin system for the treatment of heart failure, Lancet 389:1831–1840, 2017.
  620. Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, et al: 2016 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure, Eur Heart J 37(27):2129–2200, 2016.
  621. Redfield MM: Heart filure with preserved ejection fraction, N Engl J Med 375(19):1868–1876, 2016.
  622. Rossano JW, Dipchand AI, Edwards LB, et al: The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Nineteenth Pediatric Heart Transplantation Report–2016. Focus theme: primary diagnostic indications for transplant, J Heart Lung Transplant 35:1185–1195, 2016.
  623. Rossano JW, Kim JJ, Decker JA, et al: Prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of heart failure-related hospitalizations in children in the United States: a population-based study, J Card Fail 18:459–470, 2012.
  624. Rossano JW, Lorts A, VanderPluym CJ, et al: Outcomes of pediatric patients supported with continuous-flow ventricular assist devices: a report from the Pediatric Interagency Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support (PediMACS), J Heart Lung Transplant 35:585–590, 2016.
  625. Rossano JW, Shaddy RE: Heart failure in children: etiology and treatment, J Pediatr 165:228–233, 2014.
  626. Rossano JW, Shaddy RE: Update on pharmacological heart failure therapies in children: do adult medications work in children and if not, why not?, Circulation 129:607–612, 2014.
  627. Shaddy RE, Boucek MM, Hsu DT, et al; Pediatric Carvedilol Study: Carvedilol for children and adolescents with heart failure: a randomized controlled trial, JAMA 298:1171–1179, 2007.
  628. Swedberg K, Komajda M, Bohm M, et al: Ivabradine and outcomes in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): a randomised placebo-controlled study, Lancet 376:875–885, 2010.
  629. Teerlink JR, Cotter G, Davison BA, et al: Serelaxin, recombinant human relaxin-2, for treatment of acute heart failure (RELAX-AHF): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial, Lancet 381:29–39, 2013.
  630. Thiagarajan RR, Barbaro RP, Rycus PT, et al: Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry International Report 2016, ASAIO J 63:60–67, 2017.
  631. Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozhurt B, et al: 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure, Circulation 136(6):e137-e161, 2017.
  632. Castleberry C, Ryan TD, Chin C: Transplantation in the highly sensitized pediatric patient, Circulation 129(22):2313–2319, 2014.
  633. Colvin MM, Cook JL, Chang P, et al: Antibody-mediated rejection in cardiac transplantation: emerging knowledge in diagnosis and management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association, Circulation 131(18):1608–1639, 2015.
  634. Fraser CD Jr, Jaquiss RD, Rosenthal DN, et al: Berlin heart study: prospective trial of a pediatric ventricular assist device, N Engl J Med 367(6):532–541, 2012.
  635. Hammond ME, Revelo MP, Miller DV, et al: ISHLT pathology antibody mediated rejection score correlates with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality: a retrospective validation analysis, J Heart Lung Transplant 35(3):320–325, 2016.
  636. Mehra MR, Canter CE, Hannan MM, et al: The 2016 international society for heart lung transplantation listing criteria for heart transplantation: a 10-year update, J Heart Lung Transplant 35(1):1–23, 2016.
  637. Rossano JW, Dipchand AI, Edwards LB, et al: The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: nineteenth pediatric heart transplantation report—2016. Focus theme: primary diagnostic indications for transplant, J Heart Lung Transplant 35(10):1185–1195, 2016.
  638. Rossano JW, Jefferies JL, Pahl E, et al: Use of sirolimus in pediatric heart transplant patients: a multi-institutional study from the Pediatric Heart Transplant Study Group, J Heart Lung Transplant 36(4):429–433, 2017.
  639. Stein ML, Bruno JL, Konopacki KL, et al: Cognitive outcomes in pediatric heart transplant recipients bridged to transplantation with ventricular assist devices, J Heart Lung Transplant 32(2):212–220, 2013.
  640. Tran A, Fixler D, Huang R, et al: Donor-specific HLA alloantibodies: impact on cardiac allograft vasculopathy, rejection, and survival after pediatric heart transplantation, J Heart Lung Transplant 35(1):87–91, 2016.
  641. Urschel S, Larsen IM, Kirk R, et al: ABO-incompatible heart transplantation in early childhood: an international multicenter study of clinical experiences and limits, J Heart Lung Transplant 32(3):285–292, 2013.
  642. Goldfarb SB, Levvey BJ, Edwards LB, et al: The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: nineteenth pediatric lung and heart-lung transplantation report—2016. Focus theme: primary diagnostic indications for transplant, J Heart Lung Transplant 35(10):1196–1205, 2016.
  643. Hayes D Jr, Sweet SC, Benden C, et al: Transplant center volume and outcomes in lung transplantation for cystic fibrosis, Transpl Int 2016. doi:10.1111/tri.12911.
  644. Keeshan BC, Goldfarb SB, Lin KY, et al: Impact of congenital heart disease on outcomes of pediatric heart-lung transplantation, Pediatr Transplant 18(2):204–210, 2014.
  645. Snell GI, Paraskeva M, Westall GP: Managing bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) in children: what does the future hold? Paediatr Drugs 15(4):281–289, 2013.
  646. Yeung JC, Krueger T, Yasufuku K, et al: Outcomes after transplantation of lungs preserved for more than 12 h: a retrospective study, Lancet RespirMed 5(2):119–124, 2017.
  647. Abernethy LJ: Classification and imaging of vascular malformations in children, Eur Radiol 13:2483–2497, 2003.
  648. Attia TH, Alhamed MMA, Selin MF, et al: Idiopathic arterial calcifications of infancy: case report, Radiol Case 9(11):32–40, 2015.
  649. Cubero A, Ayala J, Hamzeh G, et al: Severe arterial tortuosity: report of three cases, World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 8(2):2310234, 2016.
  650. Faughnan ME, Thabet A, Mei-Zahav M, et al: Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in children: outcomes of transcatheter embolotherapy, J Pediatr 145:826–831, 2004.
  651. Ferreira C, Ziegler S, Gahl W: Generalized arterial calcification of infancy. In Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et al, editors: Genereviews [internet], Seattle, 2014, University of Washington, pp 1993–2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK253403/.
  652. Giordano P, Lenato GM, Suppressa P, et al: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: arteriovenous malformations in children, J Pediatr 163(1):179–186, 2013.
  653. Gutierrez LB, Link T, Chaganti K, Motamedi D: Arterial calcification due to CD73 deficiency (ACDC): imaging manifestations of ectopic mineralization, Skeletal Radiol 45(11):1583–1587, 2016.
  654. Han HC: Twisted blood vessels: symptoms, etiology and biomechanical mechanisms, J Vasc Res 49:185–197, 2012.
  655. Hannoush H, Introne WJ, Chen MY, et al: Aortic stenosis and vascular calcifications in alkaptonuria, Mol Genet Metab 105:198–202, 2012.
  656. Iglesias-Platas I, del Rio R, Rodriguez X, et al: Two cases of idiopathic arterial calcification in the newborn: watch out for lineal calcification in plain radiographs, J Pediatr 161:767, 2013.
  657. Karthikeyan G: Generalized arterial calcification of infancy, J Pediatr 162:1074, 2013. Laken PA: Infantile hemangiomas: pathogenesis and review of propranolol use, Adv Neonatal Care 16(2):135–142, 2016.
  658. Leaute-Labreze C, Boccara O, Degrugillier-Chopinet C, et al: Safety of oral propranolol for the treatment of infantile hemangioma: a systematic review, Pediatrics 138(4):2016.
  659. Li Q, Brodsky JL, Conlin LK, et al: Mutations in the ABCC6 gene as a cause of generalized arterial calcification of infancy: genotypic overlap with pseudoxanthoma elasticum, J Invest Dermatol 34(3):658–665, 2014.
  660. Lunsford LD, Niranjan A, Kano H, et al: The technical evolution of gamma knife radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations, Prog Neurol Surg 27:22–34, 2013.
  661. MacCarrick G, Black JH III, Bowdin S, et al: Loey-dietz syndrome: a premier for diagnosis and management, Genet Med 16(8):576–587, 2014.
  662. Markello TC, Pak LK, St. Hilaire C, et al: Vascular pathology of medical arterial calcifications in NT5E deficiency: implications for the role of adenosine in pseudoxanthoma elasticum, Mol Genet Metab 103:44–50, 2011.
  663. Moran JJ: Idiopathic arterial calcification of infancy: a clinicopathologic study, Pathol Annu 10:393–417, 1975.
  664. Morris SA: Arterial tortuosity in genetic arteriopathies, Curr Opin Cardiol 30:587–593, 2015.
  665. Nitschke Y, Baujat G, Botschen U, et al: Generalized arterial calcification of infancy and pseudoxanthoma elasticum can be caused by mutations in either ENPP1 or ABCC6, Am J Hum Genet 90:25–39, 2012.
  666. Ramjam KA, Roscioli T, Rutsch F, et al: Generalized arterial calcifications of infancy: treatment with bisphosphonates, Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 5:167–172, 2009.
  667. Ritelli M, Chiarelli N, Dordoni C, et al: Arterial tortuosity syndrome: homozygosity for two novel and one recurrent SLC2A10 missense mutations in three families with severe cardiopulmonary complications in infancy and a literature review, BMC Med Genet 15:122, 2014.
  668. Ryerson LM, Chiletti R, Zacharin M, et al: Two cases of idiopathic infantile arterial calcification, J Paediatr Child Health 46:777–779, 2010.
  669. Saigal G, Azouz EM: The spectrum of radiologic findings in idiopathic arterial calcification of infancy: pictorial essay, Pediatr Radiol 55:102–107, 2004.
  670. Singh S, Nautital A: Aortic dissection and aortic aneurysms associated with fluoroquinolones: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Am J Med 130(12):1449–1457.e9, 2017.
  671. St Hilaire C, Ziegler SG, Markello TC, et al: NT5E mutations and arterial calcifications, N Engl J Med 364:432–442, 2011.
  672. Aatola H, Magnussen CG, Koivistoinen T, et al: Simplified definitions of elevated pediatric blood pressure and high adult arterial stiffness, Pediatrics 132:e70-e76, 2013.
  673. Acosta AA, Samuels JA, Portman RJ, et al: Prevalence of persistent prehypertension in adolescents, J Pediatr 160:757–761, 2012.
  674. Alnima T, de Leeuw PW, Tan FES, et al: Renal responses to long-term carotid baroreflex activation therapy in patients with drug-resistant hypertension, Hypertension 61: 1334–1339, 2013.
  675. Chaturvedi S, Lipszyc DH, Licht C, et al: Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children, Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2):CD008117, 2014.
  676. Couch SC, Saelens BE, Levin L, et al: The efficacy of a clinic-based behavioral nutrition intervention emphasizing a DASH-type diet for adolescents with elevated blood pressure, J Pediatr 52:494–501, 2008.
  677. Falkner B, Gidding SS: Is the SPRINT blood pressure treatment target of 120/80 relevant for children? Hypertension 67:826–828, 2016.
  678. Feig DI, Madero M, Jalal DI, et al: Uric acid and the origins of hypertension, J Pediatr 162:896–902, 2013.
  679. Ferguson MA, Flynn JT: Rational use of antihypertensive medications in children, Pediatr Nephrol 29:979–988, 2014.
  680. Flynn JT: Hypertension in the neonatal period, Curr Opin Pediatr 24:197–204, 2012. Flynn JT, Daniels SR, Hayman LL, et al: Update: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association, Hypertension 63(5):1116–1135, 2014.
  681. Flynn JT, Tullus K: Correction to: severe hypertension in children and adolescents: pathophysiology and treatment, Pediatr Nephrol 27:503–504, 2012.
  682. Flynn JT, Urbina EM: Pediatric ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: indications and interpretations, J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 14:372–382, 2012.
  683. Flynn JT, Zhang Y, Solar-Yohay S, et al: Clinical and demographic characteristics of children with hypertension, Hypertension 60:1047–1054, 2012.
  684. Flynn JT, Kaelber DC, Baker-Smith CM, et al: Clinical practice guideline for screening and management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents, Pediatrics 140(3):e20171904, 2017.
  685. Fugate JE, Rabinstein AA: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome clinical and radiological manifestations, pathophysiology and outstanding questions, Lancet Neurol 14(9):914–925, 2015.
  686. Goutham R: Diagnosis, epidemiology, and management of hypertension in children, Pediatrics 138:e20153616, 2016.
  687. Heys M, Lin SL, Lam TH, et al: Lifetime growth and blood pressure in adolescence: Hong Kong's «children of 1997» birth cohort, Pediatrics 131:e62-e72, 2013.
  688. Ingelfinger JR: The child or adolescent with elevated blood pressure, N Engl J Med 370:2316–2324, 2014.
  689. Kaelber DC, Liu W, Ross M, et al: Diagnosis and medication treatment of pediatric hypertension: a retrospective cohort study, Pediatrics 138(6):e20162195, 2016.
  690. Kharbanda EO, Asche SE, Sinaiko AR, et al: Clinical decision support for recognition and management of hypertension: a randomized trial, Pediatrics 141(2):e20172954, 2018.
  691. Kishi S, Teixido-Tura G, Ning H, et al: Cumulative blood pressure in early adulthood and cardiac dysfunction in middle age: the CARDIA study, J Am Coll Cardiol 65:2679–2687, 2015.
  692. Kit BK, Kuklina E, Carroll MD, et al: Prevalence of and trends in dyslipidemia and blood pressure among US children and adolescents, 1999–2012, JAMA Pediatr 169(3):272–279, 2015.
  693. Lande MB, Batisky DL, Kupferman JC, et al: Neurocognitive function in children with primary hypertension, J Pediatr 195:85–94.e1, 2018.
  694. Laurent S, Schlaich M, Esler M: New drugs, procedures, and devices for hypertension, Lancet 380:591–598, 2012.
  695. Lurbe E, Agabiti-Rosei E, Cruickshank JK, et al: 2016 European Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of high blood pressures in children and adolescents, J Hypertens 34:1887–1920, 2016.
  696. Macumber IR, Weiss NS, Halbach SM, et al: The association of pediatric obesity with nocturnal non-dipping on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, Am J Hypertens 29:647–652, 2016.
  697. Mannist T, Mendola P, Vaarasmaki M, et al: Elevated blood pressure in pregnancy and subsequent chronic disease risk, Circulation 127:681–690, 2013.
  698. Marks SD, Tullus K: Update on imaging for suspected renovascular hypertension in children and adolescents, Curr Hypertens Rep 14(6):591–595, 2012.
  699. The Medical Letter: Drugs for hypertension, Med Lett Drugs Ther 59(1516):41–48, 2017.
  700. Melcescu E, Phillips J, Moll G, et al: 11 Beta-hydroxylase deficiency and other syndromes of mineralocorticoid excess as a rare cause of endocrine hypertension, Horm Metab Res 44:867–878, 2012.
  701. Miyashita Y: Diagnosis and management of white-coat hypertension in children and adolescents: a Midwest pediatric nephrology consortium study, J Clin Hypertens 19:884–889, 2017.
  702. Moyer VA: Screening for primary hypertension in children and adolescents: U.S. preventive services task forces recommendation statement, Ann Intern Med 159(9): 613–619, 2013.
  703. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents, Pediatrics 114(2 Suppl 4th Report):555–576, 2004.
  704. Riley M, Dobson M, Sen A, et al: Recognizing elevated BP in children and adolescents: how are we doing? J Fam Pract 62(6):294–299, 2013.
  705. Roa G: Diagnosis, epidemiology, and management of hypertension in children, Pediatrics 138(2):e20153616, 2016.
  706. Seeman T, Dostalek L, Gilik J: Control of hypertension in treated children and its association with target organ damage, Am J Hypertens 25:389–395, 2012.
  707. Simonetti GD, Mohaupt MG, Bianchetti MG: Monogenic forms of hypertension, Eur J Pediatr 171:1433–1439, 2010.
  708. Sundin PO, Udumyan R, Sjostrom P, et al: Predictors in adolescence of ESRD in middle-aged men, Am J Kidney Dis 64:723–729, 2014.
  709. Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A: Effects of blood pressure lowering on outcome incidence in hypertension. 7. Effects of more vs. less intensive blood pressure lowering and different achieved blood pressure levels—updated overview and meta-analyses of randomized trials, J Hypertens 34:603–615, 2016.
  710. Thompson M, Dana T, Bougatsos C, et al: Screening for hypertension in children and adolescents to prevent cardiovascular disease, Pediatrics 131:490–525, 2013.
  711. Trautmann A, Roebuck DJ, McLaren CA, et al: Non-invasive imaging cannot replace formal angiography in the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension, Pediatr Nephrol 31:1–8, 2016.
  712. Tullus K, Brennan E, Hamilton G, et al: Renovascular hypertension in children, Lancet 371:1453–1463, 2008.
  713. Wuhl E, Witte K, Soergel M, et al; German Working Group on Pediatric Hypertension: Distribution of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in children: normalized reference values and role of body dimension, J Hypertens 20:1995–2007, 2003.
  714. Wright JT Jr, Williamson JD, Whelton PK, et al; SPRINT Research Group: A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control, N Engl J Med 373:2103–2116, 2015.
  715. Wuhl E, Trivelli A, Picca S, et al; ESCAPE Trial Group: Strict blood-pressure control and progression of renal failure in children, N Engl J Med 361:1639–1650, 2009.
  716. Yamaguchi I, Flynn JT: Pathophysiology of hypertension. In Avner ED, Harmon WE, Niaudet P, et al, editors: Pediatric nephrology, ed 7, New York, 2016, Springer, pp 1951–1996.

Òðóäû îòå÷åñòâåííûõ àâòîðîâ ïðè ïîäãîòîâêå ñòàòåé ïî ïåäèàòðèè äëÿ ïîëüçîâàòåëåé ñàéòà - íå èñïîëüçîâàëèñü, òàê êàê èõ âû âñåãäà ìîæåòå íàéòè â áèáëèîòåêàõ.

- Âåðíóòüñÿ â ðàçäåë "Ïåäèàòðèÿ"

Ðåäàêòîð: Èñêàíäåð Ìèëåâñêè. Äàòà îáíîâëåíèÿ ïóáëèêàöèè: 24.5.2024

Ìåäóíèâåð Ìû â Telegram Ìû â YouTube Ìû â VK Ôîðóì êîíñóëüòàöèé âðà÷åé Êîíòàêòû, ðåêëàìà
Èíôîðìàöèÿ íà ñàéòå ïîäëåæèò êîíñóëüòàöèè ëå÷àùèì âðà÷îì è íå çàìåíÿåò î÷íîé êîíñóëüòàöèè ñ íèì.
Ñì. ïîäðîáíåå â ïîëüçîâàòåëüñêîì ñîãëàøåíèè.