В статьях на сайте использованы следующие сокращения:

• °F — температура по Фаренгейту
• °C — температура по Цельсию
• 5-НТ — 5-гидроксииндолуксусная кислота мочи
• АБ — антибиотик(и)
• АБЛА — аллергический бронхолегочный аспергиллез
• АБТ — антибактериальная терапия
• АВ — атриовентрикулярный
• АГ — артериальная гипертензия
• АГн — антиген
• АД — артериальное давление
• АДГ — антидиуретический гормон
• АДС — анатоксин дифтерийно-столбнячный
• АДС-М — анатоксин дифтерийно-столбнячный (малые дозы)
• АДФ — аденозиндифосфорная кислота, аденозиндифосфат
• АКДС — анатоксин коклюшно-дифтерийно-столбнячный
• АКТГ — адренокортикотропный гормон
• АКШ — аортокоронарное шунтирование
• АЛТ — аланинаминотрансфераза
• амер. — американский
• АМК — азот мочевины крови
• АМФ — аденозинмонофосфорная кислота, аденозинмонофосфат
• АНА — антинуклеарные антитела
• анат. — анатомический
• англ. — английский
• АНЦА — антинейтрофильные цитоплазматические антитела
• АПФ — ангиотензин-превращающий фермент
• АРВТ — антиретровирусная терапия
• АРП — активность ренина в плазме крови
• АСК — аминосалициловая кислота
• ACT — аспартатаминотрансфераза
• АТл — антитело
• АТФ — аденозинтрифосфорная кислота, аденозинтрифосфат
• АуД — аутосомно-доминантный
• АуР — аутосомно-рецессивный
• АФП — α-фетопротеин
• АФС — антифосфолипидный синдром
• АХЭ — ацетилхолинэстераза
• АЦХ — ацетилхолин
• АЧТВ — активированное частичное тромбопластиновое время
• БА — бронхиальная астма
• БАД — биологически активная добавка
• БАЛ — бронхоальвеолярный лаваж
• БАР — биполярное аффективное расстройство (I или II типа)
• БКК — большой круг кровообращения
• БЛНПГ — блокада левой ножки пучка Гиса
• БМСЭ — бюро медико-социальной экспертизы
• БП — брюшная полость
• БПНПГ — блокада правой ножки пучка Гиса
• БРА — блокатор рецепторов ангиотензина
• БРД - болезнь Розаи-Дорфмана
• БРМ — базовые реанимационные мероприятия
• БРНС — быстро разрешившееся необъяснимое событие
• БЦЖ — бацилла Кальметта-Герена
• в т.ч. — в том числе
• в. — век
• в/ — внутри... в сложносоставных словах (напр.
• в/сосудистый, в/черепной и т.п.)
• в/а — внутриартериально
• в/в — внутривенно
• в/к — внутрикожно
• в/м — внутримышечно
• вв. — века
• в-во — вещество
• ВВЭ — военно-врачебная экспертиза
• ВГД — внутриглазное давление
• ВГЧ — вирус герпеса человека
• ВДП — верхние дыхательные пути
• ВЖК — внутрижелудочковое кровоизлияние
• ВЗК — воспалительные заболевания кишечника
• ВЗОМТ — воспалительные заболевания органов малого таза
• ВИП — вазоактивный интестинальный пептид
• ВИЧ — вирус иммунодефицита человека
• ВМП — высокотехнологичная медицинская помощь
• ВМС — внутриматочное средство (спираль)
• ВН — вирусная нагрузка
• ВНС — вегетативная нервная система
• ВОВ — Великая Отечественная война
• ВОГМ — высокогорный отек головного мозга
• ВОЗ — Всемирная организация здравоохранения
• ВОЛ — высокогорный отек легких
• ВОМК — врач, осуществляющий медицинский контроль
• ВОП — врач общей практики
• ВПВ — верхняя полая вена
• ВПГ — вирус простого герпеса
• ВПР — врожденные пороки развития
• ВПС — врожденный порок сердца
• ВПЧ — вирус папилломы человека
• ВРТ — вспомогательные репродуктивные технологии
• ВСО — водно-солевой обмен
• ВЧД — внутричерепное давление
• ВЧИВЛ — высокочастотная искусственная вентиляция легких (HFV)
• ВЭБ — вирус Эпштейна-Барр
• г — грамм
• г. — год
• Г-6-ФД — глюкозо-6-фосфатдегидрогеназа
• ГАМК — гамма-аминомасляная кислота
• ГБ — гипертоническая болезнь
• ГБН — гемолитическая болезнь новорожденного
• ГБО — гипербарическая оксигенация
• ГГПТ — γ-глутамилтранспептидаза
• ГЗТ — гиперчувствительность замедленного типа
• гист. — гистологический
• ГК — грудная клетка
• ГКМП — гипертрофическая кардиомиопатия
• ГКС — глюкокортикостероид(ы)
• ГЛГ — гемофагоцитарный лимфогистиоцитоз
• ГЛПС — геморрагическая лихорадка с почечным синдромом
• ГМ — головной мозг
• ГМ-КСФ — гранулоцитарно-макрофагальный колониестимулирующий фактор
• ГМФ — гуанозинмонофосфат
• ГнРГ — гонадотропин-рилизинг-гормон
• ГНТ — гиперчувствительность немедленного типа
• ГПОД — грыжа пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы
• ГРДС — гипоксическая реакция дыхательной системы
• греч. — греческий
• ГТФ — гуанозинтрифосфат
• ГУС — гемолитико-уремический синдром
• Гц — герц
• ГЭБ — гематоэнцефалический барьер
• ГЭР — гастроэзофагеальный рефлюкс
• ГЭРБ — гастроэзофагеальная рефлюксная болезнь
• дБ — децибел
• ДВС — диссеминированное внутрисосудистое свертывание
• ДГПЖ — доброкачественная гиперплазия предстательной железы
• ДГТ — дигидротестостерон
• ДД — дифференциальная диагностика, дифференциально-диагностический
• ДДБА — длительно действующие β₂-агонисты
• ДДК — дифференциально-диагностический критерий (критерии)
• ДИ — доверительный интервал
• ДК — диагностический критерий
• ДКА — диабетический кетоацидоз
• ДКМП — дилатационная кардиомиопатия
• ДМЖП — дефект межжелудочковой перегородки
• ДМПП — дефект межпредсердной перегородки
• ДМС — добровольное медицинское страхование
• ДН — дыхательная недостаточность
• ДНК — дезоксирибонуклеиновая кислота
• ДНТ — дефекты нервной трубки
• ДОФА — дигидроксифенилаланин
• ДП — дыхательные пути
• ДПК — двенадцатиперстная кишка
• ДПМ — дата последней менструации
• ДПП — давление в правом предсердии
• др. — другие
• ДТП — дорожно-транспортное происшествие
• ДЦП — детский церебральный паралич
• ЕД — единица действия
• ЖВП — желчевыводящие пути
• ЖДА — железодефицитная анемия
• ЖЕЛ — жизненная емкость легких
• ЖКБ — желчекаменная болезнь
• ЖКК — желудочно-кишечное кровотечение
• ЖКТ — желудочно-кишечный тракт
• ЖНВЛП — жизненно необходимые и важные лекарственные препараты (список, перечень)
• ЖТ — желудочковая тахикардия
• ЗВУР — задержка внутриутробного развития
• ЗЛ — здоровые люди (лица)
• ЗНО — злокачественное новообразование
• ЗО — здравоохранение
• ЗОЖ — здоровый образ жизни
• ЗСН — застойная сердечная недостаточность
• иАПФ — ингибиторы ангиотензин-превращающего фермента
• ИБС — ишемическая болезнь сердца
• ИВЛ — искусственная вентиляция легких
• ИГКС — ингаляционные глюкокортикостероиды
• ИЗЛ — интерстициальные заболевания легких
• ИКД — имплантируемый кардиовертер-дефибриллятор
• ИКП — иммунокомпрометированные пациенты
• ИЛ — интерлейкин
• ИЛДБ — интегрированное лечение детских болезней
• ИМ — инфаркт миокарда
• ИМАО — ингибитор(ы) моноаминоксидазы
• ИМбпБТ — инфаркт миокарда без подъема сегмента ST
• ИМП — инфекция мочевых (мочевыводящих) путей
• ИМпST — инфаркт миокарда с подъемом сегмента ST
• ИМТ — индекс массы тела
• ИОЛ — интраокулярная линза
• ИПП — ингибиторы протонной помпы (протонного насоса)
• ИППП — инфекции, передаваемые половым путем
• ИСС — индивидуальные спасательные средства
• истор. — историческое
• итал. — итальянский
• ИТП — идиопатическая тромбоцитопеническая пурпура
• ИТШ — инфекционно-токсический шок
• ИФА — иммуноферментный анализ
• КА — коронарная(ые) артерия(и)
• КАГ — коронарография
• КБМП - качество и безопасность медицинской помощи
• кВ — киловольт
• кг — килограмм
• КДБА — короткодействующие β2-агонисты
• КДД — конечно-диастолическое давление
• КДО — конечно-диастолический объем
• КДР — конечно-диастолический размер
• кит. — китайский
• ккал — килокалория
• кл. — клетки, клеток
• КМП — качество медицинской помощи
• КоА — коэнзим А, кофермент А
• КОЕ — колониеобразующая единица
• КОК — комбинированные оральные контрацептивы
• КПТ — когнитивно-поведенческая терапия
• КР — клинические рекомендации
• КСД — конечно-систолическое давление
• КСО — конечно-систолический объем
• КСР — конечно-систолический размер
• КТ — компьютерная томография
• КТВР — компьютерная томография высокого разрешения
• КТГ — кардиотокография
• КФК — креатинфосфокиназа
• КЩС — кислотно-щелочное состояние
• л — литр
• л/о — ложноотрицательный
• л/п — ложноположительный
• ЛА — легочная артерия
• ЛАГ — легочная артериальная гипертензия лат. — латинский
• ЛГ — лютеинизирующий гормон
• ЛДГ — лактатдегидрогеназа
• ЛЖ — левый желудочек
• ЛОР — имеющий отношение к оториноларингологии (ЛОР-врач, ЛОР-органы)
• ЛП — лекарственный препарат
• ЛПВП — липопротеины высокой плотности
• ЛПНП — липопротеины низкой плотности
• ЛПОНП — липопротеины очень низкой плотности
• ЛПУ — лечебно-профилактическое учреждение ЛС — лекарственное средство
• ЛУ — лимфатический(ие) узел(лы)
• ЛФК — лечебная физкультура
• м.б. — может (мог, могут, могли) быть
• М/Ж — соотношение мужчин и женщин
• максД — максимальная доза
• максНД — максимальная начальная доза
• максРД — максимальная разовая доза
• максСД — максимальная суточная доза
• МАНК — метод амплификации нуклеиновых кислот
• МАО — моноаминоксидаза
• МВП — мочевыводящие пути
• мг — миллиграмм
• МДБ — мышечная дистрофия Беккера
• МДД — мышечная дистрофия Дюшенна
• МДМА — метилендиоксиметамфетамин
• ME — международная единица
• мед. — медицинский
• мес — месяц
• МЖ — молочная железа
• МЖП — межжелудочковая перегородка
• М3 — министерство здравоохранения
• мин — минут(а)
• минД — минимальная доза
• минСД — минимальная суточная доза
• МКБ — мочекаменная болезнь
• МКБ-10 — Международная классификация болезней 10-го пересмотра
• МКБ-11 —Международная классификация болезней 11-го пересмотра
• мкВ — микровольт
• мкг — микрограмм
• МКК — малый круг кровообращения
• мкл — микролитр
• мл — миллилитр
• млн — миллион
• млрд — миллиард
• мм — миллиметр
• мм рт.ст. — миллиметр ртутного столба
• ммоль — миллимоль
• МНН — международное непатентованное наименование
• МНО — международное нормализованное отношение
• МО — медицинская организация
• МП — медицинская помощь
• МПН — миелопролиферативные новообразования
• МПС — мочеполовая система
• МР — магнитно-резонансный
• МР-венография — МРТ вен и синусов головного мозга
• мРНК — матричная РНК
• МРТ — магнитно-резонансная томография
• МРХПГ — магнитно-резонансная холангиопанкреатография
• мс — миллисекунда
• МСКТ — мультиспиральная компьютерная томогра-
• фия
• МСЭ — медико-социальная экспертиза
• МТ — масса тела
• мтДНК — митохондриальная дезоксирибонуклеиновая кислота
• МТР — масса тела при рождении
• н.э. — нашей эры
• НА — нервная анорексия
• НАД — никотинамидадениндинуклеотид
• НАДН — никотинамидадениндинуклеотид (восстановленный)
• НАДФ — никотинамидадениндинуклеотидфосфат
• НАЖБП — неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени напр. — например
• НАСГ — неалкогольный стеатогепатит
• НБ — нервная булимия
• НДО — негативный детский опыт
• нед — недели
• нем. — немецкий
• НИВЛ — неинвазивная вентиляция легких
• НЛР — нежелательная лекарственная реакция
• нм — нанометр
• НМГ — низкомолекулярный гепарин
• НМИЦ — национальный медицинский исследовательский центр
• НМП — неотложная медицинская помощь
• НМТ — низкая масса тела
• НПА — нормативно-правовой акт
• НПВ — нижняя полая вена
• НПВС — нестероидные противовоспалительные средства
• НС — нервная система
• НСГ — нейросонография
• НЭК — некротический энтероколит
• НЯК — неспецифический язвенный колит
• ОАК — общий анализ крови
• ОАМ — общий анализ мочи
• ОАП — открытый артериальный проток
• ОБП — органы брюшной полости
• ОГБ — острая горная болезнь
• ОГМ — отек головного мозга
• ОДН — острая дыхательная недостаточность
• ОДП — обструкция дыхательных путей
• ОЖСС — общая железосвязывающая способность сыворотки
• ОЗ — организация здравоохранения
• ок. — около
• ОКР — обсессивно-компульсивное расстройство
• ОКС — острый коронарный синдром
• ОЛЛ — острый лимфобластный лейкоз
• ОМП - оказание медицинской помощи
• ОМС — обязательное медицинское страхование
• ОМТ — органы малого таза
• ОНМК — острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения
• ОНМП — отделение неотложной (медицинской) помощи
• ОНМТ — очень низкая масса тела
• ООЗ — органы (организации/управления) здравоохранения
• ООЛ — остаточный объем легких
• ООН — Организация Объединенных Наций
• ОПЖ — ожидаемая продолжительность жизни
• ОПН — острая почечная недостаточность
• ОПП — острое повреждение почек
• ОПСС — общее периферическое сосудистое сопротивление
• ОРВИ — острая респираторная вирусная инфекция
• ОРДС — острый респираторный дистресс-синдром
• ОРЗ — острое респираторное заболевание
• ОРИТ — отделение реанимации и интенсивной терапии (ICU)
• ОСВО — общее содержание воды в организме
• ОФВ — объем форсированного выдоха
• ОФВ₁ — объем форсированного выдоха за 1-ю секунду
• ОЦК — объем циркулирующей крови
• п.з. — поле зрения (микроскопа)
• п/к — подкожно
• ПАВ — психоактивные вещества
• ПВ — протромбиновое время
• ПВК — периферический венозный катетер
• ПВЛ — перивентрикулярная лейкомаляция
• Пг — простагландин
• ПГГ — программа государственных гарантий оказания гражданам РФ бесплатной медицинской помощи
• ПДКВ — положительное давление конца выдоха (PEEP)
• ПЖ — правый желудочек
• ПЖЖ — поджелудочная железа
• ПЖК — подкожная жировая клетчатка (гиподерма)
• ПИ - полицитемию истинную
• ПКА — почечный канальцевый ацидоз
• ПКМД — поясно-конечностная мышечная дистрофия
• ПЛСГ — пятнистая лихорадка Скалистых гор
• ПМДР — предменструальное дисфорическое расстройство
• ПМК — пролапс митрального клапана
• ПМС — предменструальный синдром
• ПМФ — первичный миелофиброз
• ПМСП — первичная медико-санитарная помощь
• ПНА — передняя нисходящая артерия
• ПНЖК — полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты
• ПОРИТ — педиатрическое отделение реанимации и интенсивной терапии
• ПОТ — постуральная ортостатическая тахикардия
• ППВ — пневмококковая полисахаридная вакцина
• ППОАК — прямые пероральные антикоагулянты ППТ — площадь поверхности тела
• ПСА — простатоспецифический антиген
• ПСВ — пиковая скорость выдоха
• ПСВХ — прогрессирующий семейный внутрипеченочный холестаз
• ПТ — психотерапия
• ПТВ — протромбиновое время
• ПТГ — паратиреоидный гормон
• ПТИ — протромбиновый индекс
• ПТСР — посттравматическое стрессовое расстройство
• ПФЭ — пищевой фолатный эквивалент
• ПЦР — полимеразная цепная реакция
• ПШГ — пурпура Шенлейна-Геноха
• ПЩЖ — паращитовидные железы
• ПЭТ — позитронно-эмиссионная томография р/ —раз в ... (с, мин, ч, сут и т.п.)
• РА — ревматоидный артрит
• РААС — ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновая система
• разг. — разговорный
• разл. — различный
• РАС — расстройство аутистического спектра
• РДС — респираторный дистресс-синдром
• рим. — римский
• РИФ — реакция иммунофлюоресценции
• РКИ — рандомизированные клинические исследования
• РКМП — рестриктивная кардиомиопатия
• РИГА — реакция непрямой гемагглютинации
• РНК — рибонуклеиновая кислота
• РОГК — рентгенография (рентгенограмма) органов грудной клетки
• РОЛСНС — рекомендации по оценке и лечению при сортировке в неотложных ситуациях
• РИГА — реакция прямой гемагглютинации
• р-р — раствор
• р-ритель — растворитель
• РРК — рецепторы ретиноевой кислоты
• РРМ — расширенные реанимационные мероприятия
• РСВ — респираторно-синцитиальный вирус
• РСД — расстройство стереотипных движений
• РСК — реакция связывания комплемента
• РТГА — реакция торможения гемагглютинации
• РТНГА — реакция торможения непрямой гемагглютинации
• РФ — Российская Федерация
• РХР — ретиноевые Х-рецепторы
• РЧА — радиочастотная абляция
• РЭС — ретикулоэндотелиальная система
• с — секунда
• св-во — свойство
• СВДС — синдром внезапной детской смерти
• СГЯ — синдром гиперстимуляции яичников
• СД — сахарный диабет
• СД-1 — сахарный диабет 1 -го типа
• СД-2 — сахарный диабет 2-го типа
• СДВГ — синдром дефицита внимания и гиперактивности
• СЕ — субъединица
• СЖК — свободные жирные кислоты
• СЗСТ — системное(ые) заболевание(я) соединительной ткани
• СИЗ — средства индивидуальной защиты
• СИОЗС — селективный ингибитор обратного захвата серотонина
• СИОЗСН — селективные ингибиторы обратного захвата серотонина и норэпинефрина
• СКА — серповидно-клеточная анемия
• СКВ — серповидно-клеточная болезнь
• СКВ — системная красная волчанка
• СКФ — скорость клубочковой фильтрации
• СЛР — сердечно-легочная реанимация
• см — сантиметр
• см вод.ст. — сантиметр водяного столба
• СМЖ — спинномозговая жидкость
• СМИ — средства массовой информации
• СМО — страховая медицинская организация
• СМП — скорая медицинская помощь
• СМЭ — судебно-медицинская экспертиза
• СН — сердечная недостаточность
• СНСАДГ — синдром неадекватной секреции АДГ
• СОАС — синдром обструктивного апноэ сна (во сне)
• совр. — современный
• СОЭ — скорость оседания эритроцитов
• СПИД — синдром приобретенного иммунодефицита
• СПКЯ — синдром поликистозных яичников
• СПОН — синдром полиорганной недостаточности
• СРБ — С-реактивный белок
• СРК — синдром раздраженного кишечника
• СрСД — средняя суточная доза
• ССВ — синдром Стерджа-Вебера
• ССВР — синдром системной воспалительной реакции
• ССЗ — сердечно-сосудистые заболевания
• ССС — сердечно-сосудистая система
• СССУ — синдром слабости синусового узла
• СТ — Синдром Туретта
• СТГ — соматотропный гормон
• СТР — стойкое (хроническое) моторное или вокальное тикозное расстройство
• сут — сутки
• СХУ — синдром хронической усталости
• т.д. — так далее
• т.е. — то есть
• т.к. — так как
• т.о. — таким образом
• т.п. — тому подобное
• Т3 — трийодтиронин
• Т4 — тироксин
• ТАНК — тест амплификации нуклеиновых кислот
• ТБС — тазобедренный сустав
• ТГВ — тромбоз глубоких вен
• ТГСК — трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток
• ТИА — транзиторная ишемическая атака
• ТИАБ — тонкоигольная аспирационная биопсия
• ТМО — твердая мозговая оболочка
• TH — торговое наименование лекарственных средств
• ТПГГ — территориальная программа государственных гарантий оказания гражданам РФ бесплатной медицинской помощи
• ТПМ — травматическое повреждение мозга
• ТТ — температура тела
• ТТГ — тиреотропный гормон
• ТФР — трансформирующий фактор роста
• ТЦА — трициклические антидепрессанты
• тыс. — тысяча
• ТЭД —транзиторная эритробластопения детского возраста
• ТЭЛА — тромбоэмболия легочной артерии
• ТЭО — тромбоэмболические осложнения
• УЗДС — ультразвуковое дуплексное сканирование
• УЗИ — ультразвуковое исследование
• устар. — устаревший
• УФ — ультрафиолетовый
• УФО — ультрафиолетовое облучение
• ФАП — фельдшерско-акушерский пункт
• ФВ — фракция выброса
• ФВД — функции внешнего дыхания
• ФЖ — фибрилляция желудочков
• ФЖЕЛ — форсированная жизненная емкость легких
• ФЗ — Федеральный закон
• физиол. — физиологический
• ФК — функциональный класс
• ФКС — фиброколоноскопия
• ФКУ — фенилкетонурия
• ФН — физическая нагрузка
• ФНО — фактор некроза опухоли
• ФОМС — федеральный фонд обязательного медицинского страхования
• ФОС — фосфорорганические соединения
• ФП — фибрилляция предсердий
• фр. — французский
• ФСГ — фолликулостимулирующий гормон
• ФСГС — фокально-сегментарный гломерулосклероз
• ФЭГДС — фиброэзофагогастродуоденоскопия
• ХБП — хроническая болезнь почек
• ХГЧ — хорионический гонадотропин человека
• ХДН — хроническая дыхательная недостаточность
• хим. — химический
• ХНЗЛ — хронические неспецифические заболевания легких
• ХОБЛ — хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких
• ХПН — хроническая почечная недостаточность
• ХС — холестерин
• ХСН — хроническая сердечная недостаточность
• XT — химиотерапия
• ЦВД — центральное венозное давление
• ЦБК — центральный венозный катетер
• ЦИК — циркулирующие иммунные комплексы
• ЦМВ — цитомегаловирус
• ЦНС — центральная нервная система
• ЦОГ — циклооксигеназа
• ЦПД — церебральное перфузионное давление
• ЦСТС — церебральный сольтеряющий синдром
• ч — час
• ЧД — частота дыхания
• ЧДД — частота дыхательных движений
• ЧКВ — чрескожное коронарное вмешательство
• ЧМН — черепно-мозговые нервы
• ЧМТ — черепно-мозговая травма
• ЧН — черепные нервы
• ЧС — чувствительность/специфичность (ЧС 97%/87%)
• ЧСС — частота сердечных сокращений
• ЧТВ — частичное тромбопластиновое время
• ШКГ — шкала комы Глазго
• ШОП — шейный отдел позвоночника
• ЩЖ — щитовидная железа
• ЩФ — щелочная фосфатаза
• ЭАР — эквивалент активности ретинола
• ЭГДС — эзофагогастродуоденоскопия
• ЭДТА — этилендиаминтетрауксусная кислота (этилендиаминтетраацетат)
• ЭКГ — электрокардиография
• ЭКМО — экстракорпоральная мембранная оксигенация
• ЭКО — экстракорпоральное оплодотворение
• ЭКС — электрокардиостимулятор, элекгрокардиостимуляция
• ЭМГ — электромиография
• ЭМК — электронная медицинская карта
• ЭМП — экстренная медицинская помощь
• ЭНМП — экстренная и неотложная медицинская помощь
• ЭНМТ — экстремально низкая масса тела
• ЭРХПГ —эндоскопическая ретроградная холангиопанкреатография
• ЭТ — эссенциальная тромбоцитемия
• ЭТТ — эндотрахеальная трубка
• ЭхоКГ — эхокардиография
• ЭЭГ — электроэнцефалография
• ЮДМ — ювенильный дерматомиозит
• ЮИА — ювенильный идиопатический артрит
• ЯБ — язвенная болезнь
• АА — амилоид A (amyloid А)
• ААР — Американская академия педиатрии (American Academy of Pediatrics)
• AASLD — Американская ассоциация по изучению заболеваний печени (American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases)
• ABC — алгоритм неотложной помощи «дыхательные пути-дыхание-кровообращение» (Airways-Breathing-Circulation)
• АВСАЗ — белковый член АТФ-связывающей кассеты АЗ
• АВСВ11 —ген АТФ-связывающей кассеты, 11-й член подсемейства В (ATP-binding cassette, subfamily В member 11)
• АВСВ4 — ген АТФ-связывающей кассеты, 4-й член подсемейства В (ATP-binding cassette 4 gene)
• АВСС2 — ген, кодирующий 2-й член подсемейства С АТФ-связывающих кассет (ATP-binding cassette sub-family С member 2)
• ABCDE — алгоритм неотложной помощи «дыхательные пути-дыхание-кровообращение-не-врологический статус-внешний вид» (Airways-Breathing-Circulation-Disability-Exposure)
• ABCG5/G8 — гетеродимер переносчика АТФ-связывающей кассеты ABCG5 и ABCG8 (heterodimer of ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG5 and ABCG8)
• AC — до еды (при назначениях) — ante cibum
• АСЕР — Американская коллегия врачей неотложной помощи (American College of Emergency Physicians)
• ACOG — Американская коллегия акушеров и гинекологов (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists)
• AHA — Американская кардиологическая ассоциация (American Heart Association)
• ALTE — очевидное опасное для жизни событие (apparent life-threatening event)
• ANP — предсердный натрийуретический пептид (atrial natriuretic peptide)
• APLS — курсы расширенных реанимационных мероприятий в педиатрии, спонсируемые Американской академией педиатрии и Американской коллегией врачей неотложной помощи (Advanced Pediatric Life Support)
• ARPKD — аутосомно-рецессивный поликистоз почек ASCVD-риск — риск развития атеросклеротического сердечно-сосудистого заболевания (Arteriosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease)
• AVPU — шкала для оценки уровня сознания («в ясном сознании»; «реакция на вербальные раздражители»; «реакция на боль»; «без сознания») (alert, verbal, pain, unresponsive)
• BCS — митохондриальный шаперон BCS1 (mitochondrial chaperone BCS1)
• BIN — биноминальная номенклатура живой природы
• B(i)PAP — режим искусственной вентиляции легких с двумя уровнями положительного давления (bilevel positive airway pressure)
• BNP — мозговой натрийуретический пептид В-типа [В (brain)-type natriuretic peptide]
• BRUE — быстро разрешившиеся необъяснимые события (brief resolved unexplained events)
• BSEP — насос выведения солей желчных кислот (bile salt export pump)
• CADASIL — церебральная аутосомно-доминантная артериопатия с подкорковыми инфарктами и лейкоэнцефалопатией (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy)
• CAPS — криопирин-ассоциированный периодический синдром (cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome)
• CBIT — комплексное поведенческое воздействие при тиках (comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics)
• CD — кластеры дифференцировки (clusters of differentiation)
• CDC — Центр по контролю и профилактике заболеваний, США (Center for Disease Control and Prevention)
• CDG — врожденные нарушения гликозилирования (congenital disorder of glycosylation)
• CFTR — трансмембранный регулятор муковисцидоза (cystic fi brosis transmembrane regulator)
• CH — гемолитический комплемент (hemolytic complement)
• CLLS — шкала оценки острой горной болезни озера Луиз у детей (Children’s Lake Louise Score)
• сМОАТ — каналикулярный мультиспецифический органический анионный транспортер (canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter)
• CMT — Шарко-Мари-Тута болезнь (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease)
• CPAP — постоянное положительное давление в дыхательных путях (constant positive airway pressure)
• CTLA — цитотоксический Т-лимфоцитарный антиген (cytotoxic T-lymphocytic antigen)
• CYP — цитохром общий
• DAF — фактор ускорения распада (decay-accelerating factor)
• DAMP — рецепторы молекулярного фрагмента, ассоциированного с повреждением (damage-associated molecular pattern)
• DASH — диетические подходы к борьбе с гипертонией (dietary approaches to stop hypertension)
• DGAT1 — диацилглицерин-1-ацилтрансфераза (diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1)
• DHR — дигидрородамин (dihydrorhodamine)
• DSM — Диагностическое и статистическое руководство по психическим расстройствам (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)
• EAST syndrome — эпилепсия, атаксия, сенсоневральная тугоухость и тубулопатия (epilepsy, ataxia, sensorineural hearing loss, and tubulopath)
• EBM — доказательная медицина (evidance based medicine)
• EPCAM — молекула адгезии эпителиальных клеток (epithelial cell adhesion molecule)
• ESC — Европейское общество кардиологии (European Society of Cardiology)
• EXIT — лечение плода вне матки во время родов (ех utero intrapartum treatment)
• FcRs — Fc-рецепторы — белок, расположенный на поверхности нескольких видов клеток иммунной системы (естественных киллеров, макрофагов, нейтрофилов и тучных клеток) FDA — Комитет по контролю за лекарственными веществами и пищевыми добавками, США (Food and Drug Administration)
• FFR — фракционный резерв кровотока (fractional flow reserve)
• FGF-23 — фактор роста фибробластов-23 (fibroblast growth factor-23)
• FIC 1 —семейный внутрипеченочный холестаз 1-го типа, болезнь Байлера (familial intrahepatic cholestasis)
• FiO₂ — фракция кислорода (во вдыхаемом воздухе, газовой смеси)
• FISH — флуоресцентная in situ гибридизация (fluorescence in situ hybridization)
• FLAIR — восстановление инверсии с ослаблением жидкости (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery)
• FMF — семейная средиземноморская лихорадка (familial mediterranean fever)
• FODMAP — ферментируемые олиго-, ди-, моносахариды и полиолы (fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols)
• FoxP3 —транскрипционный фактор семейства Forkhead Р3
• GATA — gata-связывающий белок
• DVL — трансплантат против лейкоза (graft versus leukemia)
• HADH — гидроксилацил-КоА-дегидрогеназа (Hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase)
• HAV — вирус гепатита В (hepatitis A virus)
• Hb — гемоглобин
• HBcAg — сердцевинный антиген вируса гепатита В HBeAg — антиген вируса гепатита В
• HBsAg — поверхностный антиген вируса гепатита В
• HBV — вирус гепатита В (hepatitis В virus)
• HCV — вирус гепатита С (hepatitis С virus)
• HDV — вирус гепатита D (hepatitis D virus)
• HELLP — HELLP-синдром (гемолиз, повышенный уровень печеночных ферментов, низкий уровень тромбоцитов) (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets)
• HEV — вирус гепатита E (hepatitis E virus)
• HFNC — назальные канюли высокого потока (heated, high-flow nasal cannula)
• Hib — гемофильная палочка типа В (Haemophilus influenzae В type)
• HLA — лейкоцитарные антигены (главного комплекса гистосовместимости) человека (human leukocyte antigens)
• HR — отношение рисков (hazard ratio)
• HRT — терапия отмены привычки (habit reversal therapy)
• Ht — гематокрит
• HTLV — Т-лимфотропный вирус человека (human T-lymphotropic virus)
• IFN — интерферон
• Ig — иммуноглобулин
• IgA — иммуноглобулин A
• IgE — иммуноглобулин E
• IgG — иммуноглобулин G
• IgM — иммуноглобулин M
• IL — интерлейкин
• IPEX — Х-сцепленный синдром иммунной дисрегуляции, полиэндокринопатии и энтеропатии (immunedysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy, X-linked)
• IQ — коэффициент умственного развития (intelligence quotient)
• JAK — янус-киназа (janus kinase)
• LFA — антиген, активирующий функцию лейкоцитов (lymphocyte function-associated antigen)
• LT — лейкотриен
• MALT — лимфоидная ткань слизистой оболочки (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)
• MASP — МСЛ-ассоциированная сериновая протеаза (MBL-associated serine protease)
• MBL — маннозосвязывающий лектин (mannose-binding lectin)
• MCP — мембранный белок-кофактор (membrane cofactor protein)
• MDR3 — белок множественной лекарственной устойчивости 3 (multidrug resistance protein 3)
• MELAS — митохондриальная энцефалопатия, лактоацидоз и инсультоподобные эпизоды (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes)
• MELD — модель для оценки терминальной стадии заболеваний печени, предназначена для оценки относительной тяжести заболевания и прогноза жизни у пациентов с терминальной стадией печеночной недостаточности (ожидающих трансплантации печени) (model for end-stage liver disease)
• MERRF — миоклоническая эпилепсия с рваными красными волокнами (myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers)
• MHC — главный комплекс гистосовместимости (major histocompatibility complex)
• Mr — кажущаяся молекулярная масса
• MRP — белок с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью (multidrug-resistant protein)
• MRSA — метициллинрезистентный золотистый стафилококк
• MSSA — метициллинчувствительный золотистый стафилококк
• mTOR — мишень рапамицина у млекопитающих (mammalian target of rapamycin)
• NB! — важно, обратить внимание (nota bene)
• NICE — Национальный институт здоровья и клинического совершенствования (качества медицинской помощи) Великобритании (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence)
• NK — естественные клетки-киллеры (natural killer) NMDA — И-метил-В-аспартат (N-methyl-D-aspartate)
• NNT — число больных, которых необходимо пролечить, чтобы достичь какого-то указанного эффекта (number need to treatment)
• OR — отношение шансов (odds ratio)
• paCO₂ — парциальное давление углекислого газа в артериальной крови
• PALS — курсы расширенных реанимационных мероприятий в педиатрии (Pediatric Advanced Life Support)
• PANDAS — аутоиммунное нейропсихиатрическое расстройство в детском возрасте, ассоциированное со стрептококковой инфекцией (pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infection)
• PANS — острый нейропсихиатрический синдром в детском возрасте (pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome)
• paO₂ — парциальное давление кислорода в артериальной крови
• PAS — фуксинсернистая кислота, реактив Шиффа (periodic acid-Shiff)
• PC — после еды (при назначениях) (post cibum) рСО₂ — парциальное давление углекислого газа
• PCSK-9 — пропротеиновая конвертаза субтилизинкексинового типа 9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9)
• PFAPA — периодическая лихорадка с афтозным стоматитом, фарингитом и лимфаденитом (periodic fevers with aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis)
• PFIC — семейный внутрипеченочный холестаз (familial intrahepatic cholestasis)
• Pg — простагландин
• pH — водородный показатель
• PIM — показатель летального исхода у детей (pediatric index of mortality)
• piO₂ — парциальное давление кислорода во вдыхаемом воздухе
• рО₂ — парциальное давление кислорода
• POLG — субъединица ДНК-полимеразы γ
• PRISA II — оценка риска госпитализации у детей II (pediatric risk of admission)
• PRISM — риск летального исхода у детей (pediatric risk of mortality)
• PRN — при (по) необходимости (pro re nata — при возникновении обстоятельств)
• PRSS — ген сериновой протеазы
• PS — примечание (post scriptum)
• PUVA-терапия — псорален-ультрафиолет А-терапия (psoralen and ultraviolet А)
• Q#H — каждые # часов (при назначениях) (quaque... hora)
• QAM — каждое утро (при назначениях) (quaque ante meridiem)
• QPM — каждый вечер (при назначениях) (quaque post meridiem)
• RAG — ген, активирующий рекомбиназу
• RePEAT — пересмотренный инструмент для оценки педиатрической неотложной медицинской помощи (Revised Pediatric Emergency Assessment Tool)
• RF — ревматоидный фактор
• Rh — резус(-фактор)
• Rh«-» — резус-отрицательн(ый)
• Rh«+» — резус-положительн(ый)
• ROHHAD — быстро развивающееся ожирение с дисфункцией гипоталамуса, гиповентиляцией и спонтанной дисрегуляцией (rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation and autonomic dysregulation)
• ROMK — почечный наружный мозговой калиевый канал (renal outer medullary К)
• RR — относительный риск (relative risk или risk ratio)
• RW — реакция Вассермана (reaction of Wassermann)
• SaO₂ — сатурация артериальной крови кислородом
• SatO₂ — насыщение крови кислородом
• ScvO₂ — насыщение кислородом центральной венозной крови (central venous oxygen saturation)
• SD — стандартное отклонение (standart deviation)
• SFTPA — ген сурфактантного белка A
• SFTPB — ген сурфактантного белка В
• SFTPC — ген сурфактантного белка С
• SPINK — ингибитор сериновой протеазы (serine protease inhibitor kazal)
• SpO₂ — насыщение (сатурация) гемоглобина кислородом
• spp. — виды (при родовом имени микроорганизмов)
• Src. — источник информации, библиографическая ссылка (source)
• STAT1 — сигнальный преобразователь и активатор транскрипции 1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription)
• TA — Международная анатомическая терминология
• TCR — Т-клеточный рецептор (T-cell receptor)
• TIPS —трансъюгулярный внутрипеченочный портосистемный шунт; малоинвазивная хирургическая операция, проводимая под контролем рентгеноскопии (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt)
• TLR — Толл-подобный рецептор (Toll-like receptor)
• TNF — фактор некроза опухоли (tumor necrosis factor)
• TORCH — токсоплазмоз, краснуха, цитомегаловирусная инфекция, герпес и другие инфекции (toxoplasmosis, other infections, rubella, cytomegalovirus herpes simplex)
• TPM — мутация тропомиозина (mutation of the tropomyosin)
• TRAP — синдром обратной артериальной перфузии близнецов (twin reversed arterial perfusion)
• TRAPS — периодический синдром, ассоциированный с рецептором фактора некроза опухоли (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome)
• TRPM — катионный канал с транзиторным рецепторным потенциалом, подсемейство М (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M)
• VEGF — фактор роста эндотелия сосудов (vascular endothelial growth factor)
• VO₂ — потребление кислорода
• WPW — синдром Вольфа-Паркинсона-Уайта (Wolff-Parkinson-White)
• XLA — Х-сцепленная агаммаглобулинемия (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
• αDG-RD — дистрофии, связанные с α-дистрогликанами (alpha dystroglycan-related dystrophies)
• β-ХГЧ — β-субъединица хорионического гонадотропина человека

В ходе подготовки статей по онкологии в терапии для пользователей сайта МедУнивер использованы труды следующих авторов:

1. Perez E.A., Romond E.H., Suman V.J. et al. Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer: planned joint analysis of overall survival from NSABP B-31 and NCCTG N9831. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32:3744-3752.
2. Hussain M, Fizazi K, Saad F. et al. Enzalutamide in men with nonmetastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:2465-2474.
3. Hodi FS, O’Day SJ, McDermott DF et al. Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:711-723.
4. Mhaskar R, Clark OA, Lyman G. et al. Colony-stimulating factors for chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;10:CD003039.
5. Fizazi K, Carducci M, Smith M, et al. Denosumab versus zoledronic acid for treatment of bone metastases in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer: a randomized, double-blind study. Lancet. 2011;377:785-786.
6. Gnant M, Pfeiler G, Dubsky PC, et al. Adjuvant denosumab in breast cancer (ABCSG-18): a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;386:433-443.
7. Basch E, Prestrud AA, Hesketh PJ, et al. Antiemetics: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guidelines update. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:4189-4198.
8. Roscoe JA, Heckler CE, Morrow GR, et al. Prevention of delayed nausea: a University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program study of patients receiving chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:3389-3395.
9. Garcia JM, Boccia RV, Graham CD, et al. Anamorelin for patients with cancer cachexia: an integrated analysis of two phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind trials. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16:108-116.
10. Temel JS, Abernethy AP, Currow DC, et al. Anamorelin in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and cachexia (ROMANA 1 and ROMANA 2): results from two randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trials. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17:519-531.
11. Bianchi DW, Chudova D, Sehnert AJ, et al. Noninvasive prenatal testing and incidental detection of occult maternal malignancies. JAMA. 2015;314:162-169.
12. Hartmann LC, Lindor NM. The role of risk-reducing surgery in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:454-468.
13. Zheng PP, Li J, Kros JM. Breakthroughs in modern cancer therapy and elusive cardiotoxicity: critical research-practice gaps, challenges, and insights. Med Res Rev. 2018;38:325-376.
14. Carey LA, Winer EP. I-SPY 2—Toward more rapid progress in breast cancer treatment. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:83-84.
15. Bhatt DL, Mehta C. Adaptive designs for clinical trials. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:65-74.
16. Lim SY, Menzies AM, Rizos H. Mechanisms and strategies to overcome resistance to molecularly targeted therapy for melanoma. Cancer. 2017;123:2118-2129.
17. Raghavendra NM, Pingili D, Kadasi S, et al. Dual or multi-targeting inhibitors: the next generation anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem. 2018;143:1277-1300.
18. Wang L, Zhao J, Yao Y, et al. Covalent binding design strategy: a prospective method for discovery of potent targeted anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem. 2017;142:493-505.
19. Schmitt MW, Loeb LA, Salk JJ. The influence of subclonal resistance mutations on targeted cancer therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2016;13:335-347.
20. Chiappinelli KB, Zahnow CA, Ahuja N, et al. Combining epigenetic and immunotherapy to combat cancer. Cancer Res. 2016;76:1683-1689.
21. Moslehi JJ. Cardiovascular toxic effects of targeted cancer therapies. N Engl J Med. 2016;375: 1457-1467.
22. McHayleh W, Bedi P, Sehgal R, et al. Chimeric antigen receptor t-cells: the future is now. J Clin Med. 2019;8:1-10.
23. Renehan AG, Harvie M, Cutress RI, et al. How to manage the obese patient with cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:4282-4294.
24. Lishner M, Avivi I, Apperley JF, et al. Hematologic malignancies in pregnancy: management guidelines from an international consensus meeting. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:501-508.
25. Boere I, Lok C, Vandenbroucke T, et al. Cancer in pregnancy: safety and efficacy of systemic therapies. Curr Opin Oncol. 2017;29:328-334.
26. Oktay K, Harvey BE, Partridge AH, et al. Fertility preservation in patients with cancer: ASCO clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:1994-2001.
27. Lyman GH, Poniewierski MS. A patient risk model of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia: lessons learned from the ANC Study Group. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2017;15:1543-1550.
28. Mhaskar R, Wao H, Miladinovic B, et al. The role of iron in the management of chemotherapy- induced anemia in cancer patients receiving erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2:CD009624.
29. Navari RM, Aapro M. Antiemetic prophylaxis for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:1356-1367.
30. Vellucci R, Mediati RD, Gasperoni S, et al. Assessment and treatment of breakthrough cancer pain: from theory to clinical practice. J Pain Res. 2017;10:2147-2155.
31. Meghani SH, Vapiwala N. Bridging the critical divide in pain management guidelines from the CDC, NCCN, and ASCO for cancer survivors. JAMA Oncol. 2018;4:1323-1324.
32. Swarm A, Dans M. NCCN frameworks for resource stratification of NCCN guidelines: adult cancer pain and palliative care. J Natl Compr Can Netw. 2018;16:628-631.
33. Dimitriadis GK, Angelousi A, Weickert MO, et al. Paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2017;24:R173-R190.
34. Malangone S, Campen CJ. Hypercalcemia of malignancy. J Adv Pract Oncol. 2015;6:586-692.
35. Zoccarato M, Gastaldi M, Zuliani L, et al. Diagnostics of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. Neurol Sci. 2017;38(suppl 2):237-242.
36. Wick MR, Patterson JW. Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2019. [Epub ahead of print.]
37. Manger B, Schett G. Rheumatic paraneoplastic syndromes—a clinical link between malignancy and autoimmunity. Clin Immunol. 2018;186:67-70.
38. Yap FY, Skalski MR, Patel DB, et al. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy: clinical and imaging features. Radiographics. 2017;37:157-195.
39. Bochtler T, Loffler H, Kramer A. Diagnosis and management of metastatic neoplasms with unknown primary. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2018;35:199-206.
40. Moran S, Martinez-Cardus A, Boussios S, et al. Precision medicine based on epigenomics: the paradigm of carcinoma of unknown primary. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2017;14:682-694.
41. Burglin SA, Hess S, Hoilund-Carlsen PF, et al. 18F-FDG PET/CT for detection of the primary tumor in adults with extracervical metastases from cancer of unknown primary: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96:1-8.
42. Tomuleasa C, Zaharie F, Muresan MS, et al. How to diagnose and treat a cancer of unknown primary site. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2017;26:69-79.
43. Arosio AD, Pignataro L, Gaini RM, et al. Neck lymph node metastases from unknown primary. Cancer Treat Rev. 2017;53:1-9.
44. Muller von der Grun J, Tahtali A, Ghanaati S, et al. Diagnostic and treatment modalities for patients with cervical lymph node metastases of unknown primary site—current status and challenges. Radiat Oncol. 2017;12:1-12.
45. LaGrandeur W, Armin J, Howe CL, et al. Survivorship care plan outcomes for primary care physicians, cancer survivors, and systems: a scoping review. J Cancer Surviv. 2018;12:334-347.
46. Arbyn M, Xu L, Simoens C, et al. Prophylactic vaccination against human papillomaviruses to prevent cervical cancer and its precursors. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;5:CD009069.
47. Harder T, Wichmann O, Klug SJ, et al. Efficacy, effectiveness and safety of vaccination against human papillomavirus in males: a systematic review. BMC Med. 2018;16:1-14.
48. Havrilesky LJ, Gierisch JM, Moorman PG, et al. Oral contraceptive use for the primary prevention of ovarian cancer. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep). 2013;(212):1-514.
49. Manson JE, Cook NR, Lee IM, et al. Vitamin D supplements and prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:33-44.
50. Manson JE, Cook NR, Lee IM, et al. Marine n-3 fatty acids and prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:23-32.
51. Lin JS, Piper MA, Perdue LA, et al. Screening for colorectal cancer: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2016;315:2576-2594.
52. Dulai PS, Singh S, Marquez E, et al. Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer in individuals with previous colorectal neoplasia: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2016;355:1-12.
53. Fenton JJ, Weyrich MS, Durbin S, et al. Prostate-specific antigen-based screening for prostate cancer: evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2018;319:1914-1931.
54. Nelson HD, Cantor A, Humphrey L, et al. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force evidence syntheses, formerly systematic evidence reviews. Screening for breast cancer: a systematic review to update the 2009 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2016.
55. Aberle DR, Adams AM, Berg CD, et al. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:395-409.
56. Wille MM, Dirksen A, Ashraf H, et al. Results of the randomized Danish lung cancer screening trial with focus on high-risk profiling. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016;193:542-551.
57. Melnikow J, Henderson JT, Burda BU, et al. Screening for cervical cancer with high-risk human papillomavirus testing: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2018;320:687-705.
58. Fitzmaurice C, Allen C, Barber RM, et al. Global Burden of Disease Collaboration. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability- adjusted life-years for 32 cancer groups, 1990 to 2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3:524-548.
59. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2019. CA Cancer J Clin. 2019;69:7-34.
60. Jeon J, Holford TR, Levy DT, et al. Smoking and lung cancer mortality in the United States from 2015 to 2065: a comparative modeling approach. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169:684-693.
61. Jacobs EJ, Newton CC, Carter BD, et al. What proportion of cancer deaths in the contemporary United States is attributable to cigarette smoking? Ann Epidemiol. 2015;25:179-182.
62. Flenaugh EL. Tobacco smoking in China: a pulmonary health crisis. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2019;25: 188-191.
63. Islami F, Goding Sauer A, Miller KD, et al. Proportion and number of cancer cases and deaths attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in the United States. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68:31-54.
64. Torres-Duran M, Ruano-Ravina A, Kelsey KT, et al. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and EGFR and ALK alterations in never smokers’ lung cancer. Results from the LCRINS study. Cancer Lett. 2017;411:130-135.
65. Kathuria H, Detterbeck FC, Fathi JT, et al. Stakeholder research priorities for smoking cessation interventions within lung cancer screening programs. An official American Thoracic Society research statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;196:1202-1212.
66. Plummer M, de Martel C, Vignat J, et al. Global burden of cancers attributable to infections in 2012: a synthetic analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2016;4:e609-e616.
67. Brown KF, Rumgay H, Dunlop C, et al. The fraction of cancer attributable to modifiable risk factors in England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and the United Kingdom in 2015. Br J Cancer. 2018;118:1130-1141.
68. Islami F, Goding Sauer A, Gapstur SM, et al. Proportion of cancer cases attributable to excess body weight by US State, 2011-2015. JAMA Oncol. 2018. [Epub ahead of print.]
69. Colditz GA, Peterson LL. Obesity and cancer: evidence, impact, and future directions. Clin Chem. 2018;64:154-162.
70. LoConte NK, Brewster AM, Kaur JS, et al. Alcohol and cancer: a statement of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:83-93.
71. Betts G, Ratschen E, Opazo Breton M, Grainge MJ. Alcohol consumption and risk of commom cancers: evidence from a cohort of adults from the UK. J Public Health (Oxf). 2017;11:1-9.
72. Dasu A, Toma-Dasu I. Models for the risk of secondary cancers from radiation therapy. Phys Med. 2017;42:232-238.
73. Hunter DJ. Oral contraceptives and the small increased risk of breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:2276-2277.
74. Chlebowski RT, Rohan TE, Manson JE, et al. Breast cancer after use of estrogen plus progestin and estrogen alone: analyses of data from 2 women’s health initiative randomized clinical trials. JAMA Oncol. 2015;1:296-305.
75. Baumert TF,J?hling F, Ono A, et al. Hepatitis C-related hepatocellular cancer in the era of new generation antiretrovirals. BMC Med. 2017;15:1-10.
76. Knaul FM, Farmer PE, Krakauer EL, et al. Alleviating the access abyss in palliative care and pain relief-an imperative of universal health coverage: the Lancet Commission report. Lancet. 2018;391:1391-1454.
77. Mantovani F, Collavin L, Del Sal G. Mutant p53 as a guardian of the cancer cell. Cell Death Differ. 2019;26:199-212.
78. Tomasetti C, Marchionni L, Nowak MA, et al. Only three driver gene mutations are required for the development of lung and colorectal cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015;112:118-123.
79. Tomasetti C, Li L, Vogelstein B. Stem cell divisions, somatic mutations, cancer etiology, and cancer prevention. Science. 2017;355:1330-1334.
80. Boland PM, Yurgelun MB, Boland CR. Recent progress in Lynch syndrome and other familial colorectal cancer syndromes. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68:217-231.
81. Radich JP, Mauro MJ. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment for newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2017;31:577-587.
82. Mayekar MK, Bivona TG. Current landscape of targeted therapy in lung cancer. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2017;102:757-764.
83. Chu D, Paoletti C, Gersch C, et al. ESR1 mutations in circulating plasma tumor DNA from metastatic breast cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res. 2016;22:993-999.
84. Cannon TL, Kokon MA, Shafqat S, et al. RAS mutations beyond KRAS exon 2: a review and discussion of clinical trial data. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2015;16:1-11.
85. Lord CJ, Ashworth A. PARP inhibitors: Synthetic lethality in the clinic. Science. 2017;355: 1152-1158.
86. Hyman DM, Puzanov I, Subbiah V, et al. Vemurafenib in multiple nonmelanoma cancers with BRAF V600 mutations. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:726-736.
87. Drilon A, Nagasubramanian R, Blake JF, et al. A next-generation TRK kinase inhibitor overcomes acquired resistance to prior TRK kinase inhibition in patients with TRK fusion-positive solid tumors. Cancer Discov. 2017;7:963-972.
88. Le DT, Durham JN, Smith KN, et al. Mismatch repair deficiency predicts response of solid tumors to PD-1 blockade. Science. 2017;357:409-413.
89. Cardoso F, van’t Veer LJ, Bogaerts J, et al. 70-gene signature as an aid to treatment decisions in early-stage breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:717-729.
90. Lianidou E, Pantel K. Liquid biopsies. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2019;58:219-232.
91. Donaldson J, Park BH. Circulating tumor DNA: measurement and clinical utility. Annu Rev Med. 2018;69:223-234.
92. Corcoran RB, Chabner BA. Application of cell-free DNA analysis to cancer treatment. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:1754-1765.
93. Chu D, Park BH. Liquid biopsy: unlocking the potentials of cell-free DNA. Virchows Arch. 2017; 471:147-154.
94. Silver AJ, Jaiswal S. Clonal hematopoiesis: pre-cancer PLUS. Adv Cancer Res. 2019;141:85-128.
95. Platzbecker U, Symeonidis A, Oliva EN, et al. A phase 3 randomized placebo-controlled trial of darbepoetin alfa in patients with anemia and lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukemia. 2017;31:1944-1950.
96. Fenaux P, Giagounidis A, Selleslag D, et al. A randomized phase 3 study of lenalidomide versus placebo in RBC transfusion-dependent patients with low-/intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes with del5q. Blood. 2011;118:3765-3776.
97. Santini V, Almeida A, Giagounidis A, et al. Randomized phase III study of lenalidomide versus placebo in RBC transfusion-dependent patients with lower-risk non-del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes ineligible for or refractory to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:2988-2996.
98. Almasri J, Alkhateeb HB, Firwana B, et al. A systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing azacitidine and decitabine for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. Syst Rev. 2018;7:1-9.
99. Lubbert M, Suciu S, Baila L, et al. Low-dose decitabine versus best supportive care in elderly patients with intermediate- or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) ineligible for intensive chemotherapy: final results of the randomized phase III study of the European organisation for research and treatment of cancer leukemia group and the German MDS Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29: 1987-1996.
100. Gao C, Wang J, Li Y, et al. Incidence and risk of hematologic toxicities with hypomethylating agents in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97:1-13.
101. Scott BL, Pasquini MC, Logan BR, et al. Myeloablative versus reduced-intensity hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:1154-1161.
102. Arber DA, Orazi A, Hasserjian R, et al. The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia. Blood. 2016;127:2391-2405.
103. Dussiau C, Fontenay M. Mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of myelodysplastic syndromes. Exp Hematol. 2018;58:17-26.
104. Tang G, Medeiros LJ, Wang SA. Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities of undetermined significance. Int J Lab Hematol. 2018;40:385-391.
105. Ebert BL, Libby P. Clonal hematopoiesis confers predisposition to both cardiovascular disease and cancer: a newly recognized link between two major killers. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169:116-117.
106. Blokzijl F, de Ligt J, Jager M, et al. Tissue-specific mutation accumulation in human adult stem cells during life. Nature. 2016;538:260-264.
107. Ogawa S. Genetics of MDS. Blood. 2019. [Epub ahead of print.]
108. Heuser M, Yun H, Thol F. Epigenetics of myelodysplastic syndromes. Semin Cancer Biol. 2018;51:170-179.
109. Wolach O, Stone R. Autoimmunity and inflammation in myelodysplastic syndromes. Acta Haematol. 2016;136:108-117.
110. Gattermann N. Iron overload in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Int J Haematol. 2018; 107:55-63.
111. Steensma DP. Graphical representation of clinical outcomes for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Lymphoma. 2016;57:17-20.
112. Buckstein R, Wells A, Zhu N, et al. Patient-related factors independently impact overall survival in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: an MDS-CAN prospective study. Br J Haematol. 2016;174:88-101.
113. Abel GA, Efficace F, Buckstein RJ, et al. Prospective international validation of the Quality of Life in Myelodysplasia Scale (QUALMS). Haematologica. 2016;101:781-788.
114. Weinberg OK, Hasserjian RP. The current approach to the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes. Semin Hematol. 2019;56:15-21.
115. Tanaka TN, Bejar R. MDS overlap disorders and diagnostic boundaries. Blood. 2019. [Epub ahead of print.]
116. Padron E, Steensma DP. Cutting the cord from myelodysplastic syndromes: chronic myelomonocytic leukemia-specific biology and management strategies. Curr Opin Hematol. 2015;22:163-170.
117. Platzbecker U. Treatment of MDS. Blood. 2019. [Epub ahead of print.]
118. Dao KT. Myelodysplastic syndromes: updates and nuances. Med Clin North Am. 2017;101:333-350.
119. Brierley CK, Steensma DP. Thrombopoiesis-stimulating agents and myelodysplastic syndromes. Br J Haematol. 2015;169:309-323.
120. List A, Ebert BL, Fenaux P. A decade of progress in myelodysplastic syndrome with chromosome 5q deletion. Leukemia. 2018;32:1493-1499.
121. Shapiro RM, Lazo-Langner A. Systematic review of azacitidine regimens in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. BMC Hematol. 2018;18:1-9.
122. Gillis NK, Ball M, Zhang Q, et al. Clonal haemopoiesis and therapy-related myeloid malignancies in elderly patients: a proof-of-concept, case-control study. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:112-121.
123. Cargo C, Bowen D. Individual risk assessment in MDS in the era of genomic medicine. Semin Hematol. 2017;54:133-140.
124. Lindsley RC, Saber W, Mar BG, et al. Prognostic mutations in myelodysplastic syndrome after stemcell transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:536-547.
125. Maury S, Chevret S, Thomas X, et al. Rituximab in B-lineage adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:1044-1053.
126. Kantarjian H, Stein A, Gokbuget N, et al. Blinatumomab versus chemotherapy for advanced acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:836-847.
127. Kantarjian HM, DeAngelo DJ, Stelljes M, et al. Inotuzumab ozogamicin versus standard therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:740-753.
128. Stone RM, Mandrekar SJ, Sanford BL, et al. Midostaurin plus chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia with a FLT3 mutation. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:454-464.
129. Hills RK, Castaigne S, Appelbaum FR, et al. Addition of gemtuzumab ozogamicin to induction chemotherapy in adult patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised controlled trials. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15:986-996.
130. Rashidi A, Walter RB, Tallman MS, et al. Maintenance therapy in acute myeloid leukemia: an evidence-based review of randomized trials. Blood. 2016;128:763-773.
131. Huls G, Chitu DA, Havelange V et al. Azacitidine maintenance after intensive chemotherapy improves DFS in older AML patients. Blood. 2019;133:1457-1464.
132. Dombret H, Seymour JF, Butrym A, et al. International phase 3 study of azacitidine vs conventional care regimens in older patients with newly diagnosed AML with >30% blasts. Blood. 2015;126:291-299.
133. Amadori S, Suciu S, Selleslag D, et al. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin versus best supportive care in older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia unsuitable for intensive chemotherapy: results ofthe randomized phase III EORTC-GIMEMA AML-19 Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:972-979.
134. Lo-Coco F, Avvisati G, Vignetti M, et al. Retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide for acute promyelocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:111-121.
135. Stanworth SJ, Estcourt LJ, Powter G, et al. A no-prophylaxis platelet-transfusion strategy for hematologic cancers. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1771-1780.
136. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67:7-30.
137. Miranda-Filho A, Pineros M, Ferlay J, et al. Epidemiological patterns of leukaemia in 184 countries: a population-based study. Lancet Haematol. 2018;5:e14-e24.
138. Milanovic M, Fan DNY, Belenki D, et al. Senescence-associated reprogramming promotes cancer stemness. Nature. 2018;553:96-100.
139. Arber DA, Orazi A, Hasserjian R, et al. The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia. Blood. 2016;127:2391-2405.
140. Dohner H, Estey E, Grimwade D, et al. Diagnosis and management of AML in adults: 2017 ELN recommendations from an international expert panel. Blood. 2017;129:424-447.
141. Duployez N, Marceau-Renaut A, Boissel N, et al. Comprehensive mutational profiling of core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2016;127:2451-2459.
142. Madan V, Shyamsunder P, Han L, et al. Comprehensive mutational analysis of primary and relapse acute promyelocytic leukemia. Leukemia. 2016;30:1672-1681.
143. Papaemmanuil E, Gerstung M, Bullinger L, et al. Genomic classification and prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:2209-2221.
144. Tran TH, Loh ML. Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2016;2016:561-566.
145. Bolouri H, Farrar JE, Triche T Jr, et al. The molecular landscape of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia reveals recurrent structural alterations and age-specific mutational interactions. Nat Med. 2018;24: 103-112.
146. DeAngelo DJ, Stevenson KE, Dahlberg SE, et al. Long-term outcome of a pediatric-inspired regimen used for adults aged 18–50 years with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia. 2015;29:526-534.
147. Ravandi F. How I treat Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2019;133:130-136.
148. Park JH, Riviere I, Gonen M, et al. Long-term follow-up of CD19 CAR therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:449-459.
149. Qasim W. Allogeneic CAR T cell therapies for leukemia-R1. Am J Hematol. 2019. [Epub ahead of print.]
150. Short NJ, Rytting ME, Cortes JE. Acute myeloid leukaemia. Lancet. 2018;392:593-606.
151. Jongen-Lavrencic M, Grob T, Hanekamp D, et al. Molecular minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:1189-1199.
152. Mims AS, Blum W. Progress in the problem of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Curr Opin Hematol. 2019;26:88-95.
153. Cornelissen JJ, Blaise D. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with AML in first complete remission. Blood. 2016;127:62-70.
154. Milano F, Gooley T, Wood B, et al. Cord-blood transplantation in patients with minimal residual disease. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:944-953.
155. Welch JS, Petti AA, Miller CA, et al. TP53 and decitabine in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:2023-2036.
156. Thompson PA, Tam CS, O’Brien SM, et al. Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab treatment achieves long-term disease-free survival in IGHV-mutated chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2016;127:303-309.
157. Goede V, Fischer K, Busch R, et al. Obinutuzumab plus chlorambucil in patients with CLL and coexisting conditions. N Engl Med. 2014;370:1101-1110.
158. Byrd JC, Furman RR, Coutre SE, et al. Targeting BTK with ibrutinib in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl Med. 2013;369:32-42.
159. Woyach JA, Ruppert AS, Heerema NA, et al. Ibrutinib regimens versus chemoimmunotherapy in older patients with untreated CLL. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:2517-2528.
160. Byrd JC, Harrington B, O’Brien S, et al. Acalabrutinib (ACP-196) in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl Med. 2016;374:323-332.
161. Furman RR, Sharman JP, Coutre SE, et al. Idelalisib and rituximab in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl Med. 2014;370:997-1007.
162. Roberts AW, Davids MS, Pagel JM, et al. Targeting BCL2 with venetoclax in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl Med. 2016;374:311-322.
163. Seymour JF, Kipps TJ, Eichhorst B, et al. Venetoclax-rituximab in relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:1107-1120.
164. Brown JR, Hillmen P, O’Bren S, et al. Extended follow-up and impact of high-risk prognostic factors from the phase 3 RESONATE study in patients with previously treated CLL/SLL. Leukemia. 2018;32:83-91.
165. Mansouri L, Wierzbinska JA, Plass C, et al. Epigenetic deregulation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: clinical and biological impact. Semin Cancer Biol. 2018;51:1-11.
166. Condoluci A, Rossi D. Genetic mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: impact on clinical treatment. Expert Rev Hematol. 2019;12:89-98.
167. Mpakou VE, Ioannidou HD, Konsta E, et al. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of regulatory T cells in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Res. 2017;60:74-81.
168. Taylor J, Ziao W, Abdel-Wahab O. Diagnosis and classification of hematologic malignancies on the basis of genetics. Blood. 2017;130:410-423.
169. Hallek M, Cheson BD, Catovsky D, et al. iwCLL guidelines for diagnosis, indications for treatment, response assessment, and supportive management of CLL. Blood. 2018;131:2745-2760.
170. Mato A, Nabhan C, Kay NE, et al. Prognostic testing patterns and outcomes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients stratified by fluorescence in situ hybridization/cytogenetics: a real-world clinical experience in the connect CLL registry. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2018;18:114-124.
171. Hallek M. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: 2017 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment. Am J Hematol. 2017;92:946-965.
172. Hallek M, Shanafelt TD, Eichhorst B. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Lancet. 2018;391: 1524-1537.
173. Wierda WG, Zelenetz AD, Gordon LI, et al. NCCN guidelines insights: chronic lymphocytic leu- kemia/small lymphocytic leukemia, version 1.2017. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2017;15:293-311.
174. Brown JR. How I treat CLL patients with ibrutinib. Blood. 2018;131:379-386.
175. Pettijohn EM, Ma S. Targeted therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2017;12:20-28.
176. Woyach JA, et al. BTKC481S-mediated resistance to ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:1437-1443.
177. Dimier N, Delmar P, Ward C, et al. A model for predicting effect of treatment on progression-free survival using MRD as a surrogate endpoint in CLL. Blood. 2018;131:955-962.
178. Fraietta JA, Lacey SF, Orlando EJ, et al. Determinants of response and resistance to CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Nat Med. 2018;24: 563-571.
179. Gribben JG. How and when I do allogeneic transplant in CLL. Blood. 2018;132:31-39.
180. Andrasiak I, Rybka J, Wrobel T. Response to the therapy in hairy cell leukemia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2018;18:392-399.
181. Hochhaus A, Larson RA, Guilhot F, et al. Long-term outcomes of imatinib treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:917-927.
182. Jabbour E, Kantarjian HM, Saglio G, et al. Early response with dasatinib or imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia: a 3-year follow-up from a randomized phase 3 trial (DASISION). Blood. 2014;123:494-500.
183. Larson RA, Hochhaus A, Hughes TP, et al. Nilotinib vs imatinib in patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase: ENESTnd 3-year follow-up. Leukemia. 2012;26:2197-2203.
184. Hochhaus A, Saglio G, Hughes TP, et al. Long-term benefits and risks of frontline nilotinib vs imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase: 5-year update of the randomized ENESTnd trial. Leukemia. 2016;30:1044-1054.
185. Cortes JE, Saglio G, Kantarjian HM, et al. Final 5-year study results of DASISION: the Dasatinib Versus Imatinib Study in Treatment-Naive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients trial. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:2333-2340.
186. Radich JP, Kopecky KJ, Appelbaum FR, et al. A randomized trial of dasatinib 100 mg vs imatinib 400 mg in newly diagnosed chronic phase chromic myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2012;120:3898-3905.
187. Deininger MW, Kopecky KJ, Radich JP, et al. Imatinib 800 mg daily induces deeper molecular responses than imatinib 400 mg daily: results of SWOG S0325, an intergroup randomized PHASE II trial in newly diagnosed chronic phase chronic myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2014;164:223-232.
188. Mahon FX, Rea D, Guilhot J, et al. Discontinuation of imatinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia who have maintained complete molecular remission for at least 2 years: the prospective, multicentre Stop Imatinib (STIM) trial. Lancet Oncol. 2010;1029-1035.
189. Cortes JE, Khoury HJ, Kantarjian HM, et al. Long-term bosutinib for chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia after failure of imatinib plus dasatinib and/or nilotinib. Am J Hematol. 2016;91:1206-1214.
190. Nguyen LT, Guo M, Naugler C, et al. Incidence of chronic myeloid leukemia in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. BMC Res Notes. 2018;11:1-5.
191. Baccarani M, Castagnetti F, Gugliotta G, et al. The proportion of different BCR-ABL1 transcript types in chronic myeloid leukemia. An international overview. Leukemia. 2019. [Epub ahead of print.].
192. Arber DA, Orazi A. Update on the pathologic diagnosis of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Mod Pathol. 2019. [Epub ahead of print.].
193. Arora R, Press RD. Measurement of BCR-ABL 1 transcripts on the International Scale in the United States: current status and best practices. Leuk Lymphoma. 2017;58:8-16.
194. Kennedy JA, Hobbs G. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of chronic-phase CML: strategies for frontline decision-making. Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2018;13:202-211.
195. Medeiros BC, Possick J, Fradley M. Cardiovascular, pulmonary, and metabolic toxicities complicating tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia: strategies for monitoring, detecting, and managing. Blood Rev. 2018;32:289-299.
196. Pallera A, Altman JK, Berman E, et al. NCCN guidelines insights: chronic myeloid leukemia, version 1.2017. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2016;14:1505-1512.
197. Ritchie EK, Latremouille-Viau D, Guerin A, et al. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy treatment and discontinuation in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase in the United States: a clinical practice perspective. Leuk Lymphoma. 2019:1-9.
198. Saussele S, Richter J, Guilhot J, et al. Discontinuation of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in chronic myeloid leukaemia (EURO-SKI): a prespecified interim analysis of a prospective, multicentre, nonrandomised, trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19:747-757.
199. Laneuville P. When to stop tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2018;19:1-13.
200. Shah NP, Rousselot P, Schiffer C, et al. Dasatinib in imatinib-resistant or -intolerant chronic-phase, chronic myeloid leukemia patients: 7-year follow-up of study CA180-034. Am J Hematol. 2016; 91:869-874.
201. Garcua-Gutiurrez V, Milojkovic D, Hernandez-Boluda JC, et al. Safety and efficacy of bosutinib in fourth-line therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Ann Hematol. 2019;98:321-330.
202. Cortes JE, Kim DW, Pinilla-Ibarz J, et al. Ponatinib efficacy and safety in Philadelphia chromosomepositive leukemia: final 5-year results of the phase 2 PACE trial. Blood. 2018;132:393-404.
203. Nair AP, Barnett MJ, Broady RC, et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an effective salvage therapy for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia presenting with advanced disease or failing treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2015;21: 1437-1444.
204. Revilla-Lopez J, Casanova-Marquez L, Samanez-Figari C, et al. Prognostic factors of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase treated with imatinib: a Peruvian experience. Blood. 2016;128:5444.
205. Dybko J, Ja?wiec B, Haus O, et al. The Hasford score may predict molecular response in chronic myeloid leukemia patients: a single institution experience. Dis Markers. 2016;2016:1-5.
206. Wang W, Cortes JE, Tang G, et al. Risk stratification of chromosomal abnormalities in chronic myelogenous leukemia in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Blood. 2016;127:2742-2750.
207. Arber DA, Orazi A. Update on the pathologic diagnosis of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Mod Pathol. 2019. [Epub ahead of print.].
208. Loghavi S, Khoury JD. Recent updates on chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2018;13:446-454.
209. Zucca E, Conconi A, Laszlo D, et al. Addition of rituximab to chlorambucil produces superior event-free survival in the treatment of patients with extranodal marginal-zone B-cell lymphoma: 5-year analysis of the IELSG-19 randomized study. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:565-572.
210. Ardeshna KM, Qian W, Smith P, et al. Rituximab versus a watch-and-wait approach in patients with advanced-stage, asymptomatic, non-bulky follicular lymphoma: an open-label randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15:424-435.
211. Bachy E, Houot R, Morschhauser F, et al. Long-term follow up of the FL2000 study comparing CHVP-interferon to CHVP-interferon plus rituximab in follicular lymphoma. Haematologica. 2013;98:1107-1114.
212. Morschhauser F, Fowler NH, Feugier P, et al. Rituximab plus lenalidomide in advanced untreated follicular lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:934-947.
213. Salles G, Seymour JF, Offner F, et al. Rituximab maintenance for 2 years in patients with high tumour burden follicular lymphoma responding to rituximab plus chemotherapy (PRIMA): a phase 3, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2011;377:42-51.
214. Marcus R, Davies A, Ando K, et al. Obinutuzumab for the first-line treatment of follicular lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:1331-1344.
215. Cheson BD, Chua N, Mayer J, et al. Overall survival benefit in patients with rituximab-refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma who received obinutuzumab plus bendamustine induction and obinutuzumab maintenance in the GADOLIN study. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:2259-2266.
216. Rummel MJ, Niederle N, Maschmeyer G, et al. Bendamustine plus rituximab versus CHOP plus rituximab as first-line treatment for patients with indolent and mantle-cell lymphomas: an openlabel, multicenter, randomized, phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2013;381:1203-1210.
217. Robak T, Jin J, Pylypenko H, et al. Frontline bortezomib, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (VR-CAP) versus rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) in transplantation-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed mantle cell lymphoma: final overall survival results of a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19:1449-1458.
218. Dreyling M, Jurczak W, Jerkeman M, et al. Ibrutinib versus temsirolimus in patients with relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma: an international, randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet. 2016;387:770-778.
219. Coiffier B, Thieblemont C, Van Den Neste E, et al. Long-term outcome of patients in the LNH-98.5 trial, the first randomized study comparing rituximab-CHOP to standard CHOP chemotherapy in DLBCL patients: a study by the Groupe d’Etudesdes Lymphomes de lAdulte. Blood. 2010;116:2040-2045.
220. Recher C, Coiffier B, Haioun C, et al. Intensified chemotherapy with ACVBP plus rituximab versus standard CHOP plus rituximab for the treatment of diffuse large B-celllymphoma (LNH03-2B): an open-label randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2011;378:1858-1867.
221. Stiff PJ, Unger JM, Cook JR, et al. Autologous transplantation as consolidation for aggressive nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:1681-1690.
222. Ribrag V, Koscielny S, Bosq J, et al. Rituximab and dose-dense chemotherapy for adults with Burkitt’s lymphoma: a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2016;387:2402-2411.
223. Leblond V, Johnson S, Chevret S, et al. Results of a randomized trial of chlorambucilversus fluda- rabine for patients with untreated Waldenstr?m macroglobulinemia, marginal zone lymphoma, or lymphoplasmacyticlymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2012;31:301-307.
224. Dimopoulos MA, Tedeschi A, Trotman J, et al. Phase 3 trial of ibrutinib plus rituximab in Waldenstr?m’s macroglobulinemia. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:2399-2410.
225. Horwitz S, O’Connor OA, Pro B, et al. Brentuximab vedotin with chemotherapy for CD30-positive peripheral T-cell lymphoma (ECHELON-2): a global, double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2019;393:229-240.
226. Prince HM, Kim YH, Horwitz SM, et al. Brentuximab vedotin or physician’s choice in CD30-positive cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (ALCANZA): an international, open-label, randomised, phase 3, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2017;390:555-566.
227. Whittaker S, Ortiz P, Dummer R, et al. Efficacy and safety of bexarotene combined with psoralen- ultraviolet A (PUVA) compared with PUVA treatment alone in stage IB-IIA mycosis fungoides: final results from the EORTC Cutaneous Lymphoma Task Force phase III randomized clinical trial (NCT00056056). Br J Dermatol. 2012;167:678-687.
228. van Rhee F, Wong RS, Munshi N, et al. Siltuximab for multicentric Castleman’s disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15:966-974.
229. National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results ( SEER) Program. https:// seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/nhl.html. Accessed February 28, 2019.
230. Aguilera N, Gru AA. Reexamining post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders: newly recognized and enigmatic types. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2018;35:236-246.
231. Meister A, Hentrich M, Wyen C, Hubel K. Malignant lymphoma in the HIV-positive patient. Eur J Haematol. 2018;101:119-126.
232. Klein A, Polliack A, Gafter-Gvili A. Rheumatoid arthritis and lymphoma: incidence, pathogenesis, biology, and outcome. Hematol Oncol. 2018;36:733-739.
233. Alunno A, Leone MC, Giacomelli R, et al. Lymphoma and lymphomagenesis in primary Sjogren’s syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne). 2018;5:1-7.
234. Vockerodt M, Yap LF, Shannon-Lowe C, et al. The Epstein-Barr virus and the pathogenesis of lymphoma. J Pathol. 2015;235:312-322.
235. van Roeden SE, van Houwelingen F, Donkers CMJ, et al. Exposure to Coxiella burnetii and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a retrospective population-based analysis in the Netherlands. Lancet Haematol. 2018;5:e211-e219.
236. Schmitz R, Wright GW, Huang DW, et al. Genetics and pathogenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:1396-1407.
237. Zucc E, Bertoni F. The spectrum of MALT lymphoma at different sites: biological and therapeutic relevance. Blood. 2016;127:2082-2092.
238. Salar A. Gastric MALT lymphoma and Helicobacter pylori. Med Clin (Barc). 2019;152:65-71.
239. Defrancesco I, Arcaim L. Overview on the management of non-gastric MALT lymphomas. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2018;31:57-64.
240. Becnel MR, Nastoupil LJ. Follicular lymphoma: past, present, and future. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2018;19:1-16.
241. Armitage JO, Longo DL. Is watch and wait still acceptable for patients with low-grade follicular lymphoma? Blood. 2016;127:2804-2808.
242. Kuruvilla J, Assouline S, Hodgson D, et al. A Canadian evidence-based guideline for the first-line treatment of follicular lymphoma: joint consensus of the Lymphoma Canada Scientific Advisory Board. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2015;15:59-74.
243. Casulo C, Barr PM. How I treat early relapsing follicular lymphoma. Blood. 2019;133:1540-1547.
244. Stenner F, Renner C. Cancer immunotherapy and the immune response in follicular lymphoma. Front Oncol. 2018;8:1-7.
245. Levin A, Shah NN. Chimeric antigen receptor modified T cell therapy in B cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Am J Hematol. 2019;94:S18-S23.
246. Maddocks K. Update on mantle cell lymphoma. Blood. 2018;132:1647-1656.
247. McCulloch R, Rule S. What is the optimal initial management of the younger mantle cell lymphoma patient? Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2018;31:90-98.
248. Kluin-Nelemans JC, Doorduijn JK. What is the optimal initial management ofthe older MCL patient? Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2018;31:99-104.
249. Schmitz R, Wright GW, Huang DW, et al. Genetics and pathogenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:1396-1407.
250. Gisselbrecht C, Van Den Neste E. How I manage patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2018;182:633-643.
251. Giulino-Roth L. How I treat primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2018;132:782-790.
252. Shimada K, Hayakawa F, Kiyoi H. Biology and management of primary effusion lymphoma. Blood. 2018;132:1879-1888.
253. Cai Q, Fang Y, Young KH. Primary central nervous system lymphoma: molecular pathogenesis and advances in treatment. Transl Oncol. 2019;12:523-538.
254. Goyal A, LeBlanc RE, Carter JB. Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2019;33:149-161.
255. Larocca C, Kupper T Mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome: an update. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2019;33:103-120.
256. Shustov A, Soma L. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma: contemporary concepts and optimal management. Cancer Treat Res. 2019;176:127-144.
257. Vu K, Ai W. Update on the treatment of anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2018;13:135-141.
258. O’Connor OA, Horwitz S, Masszi T, et al. Belinostat in patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma: results of the pivotal phase II BELIEF (CLN-19) study. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33: 2492-2499.
259. Yang Y, Zhu Y, Cao JZ, et al. Risk-adapted therapy for early-stage extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma: a comprehensive analysis from a multicenter study. Blood. 2015;126:1424-1432.
260. Vangipuram R, Tyring SK. AIDS-associated malignancies. Cancer Treat Res. 2019;177:1-21.
261. Dierickx D, Habermann TM. Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders in adults. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:549-562.
262. Liu AY, Nabel CS, Finkelman BS, et al. Idiopathic multicentric Castleman’s disease: a systematic literature review. Lancet Haematol. 2016;3:e163-e175.
263. Hapgood G, Zheng Y, Sehn LH, et al. Evaluation ofthe risk of relapse in classical Hodgkin lymphoma at event-free survival time points and survival comparison with the general population in British Columbia. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:2493-2500.
264. Radford J, Illidge T, Counsell N, et al. Results of a trial of PET-directed therapy for early-stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1598-1607.
265. Johnson P, Federico M, Kirkwood A, et al. Adapted treatment guided by interim PET-CT scan in advanced Hodgkin’s lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:2419-2429.
266. Carde P, Karrasch M, Fortpied C, et al. Eight cycles ofABVD versus four cycles of BEACOPPescalated plus four cycles of BEACOPPbaseline in stage III to IV, internaTional Prognostic Score ?3, high-risk Hodgkin lymphoma: first results of the phase III EORTC 20012 Intergroup Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:2028-2036.
267. Merli F, Luminari S, Gobbi PG, et al. Long-term results of the HD2000 trial comparing ABVD versus BEACOPP versus COPP-EBV-CAD in untreated patients with advanced Hodgkin lymphoma: a study by Fondazione Italiana Linfomi. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:1175-1181.
268. Connors JM, Jurczak W, Straus DJ, ECHELON-1 Study Group. Brentuximab vedotin with chemotherapy for stage III or IV Hodgkin’s lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:331-344.
269. Moskowitz CH, Nademanee A, Masszi T, et al. Brentuximab vedotin as consolidation therapy after autologous stem-cell transplantation in patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma at risk of relapse or progression (AETHERA): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2015;385:1853-1862.
270. Moskowitz CH, Walewski J, Nademanee A, et al. Five-year PFS from the AETHERA. trial of brentuximab vedotin for Hodgkin lymphoma at high risk of progression or relapse. Blood. 2018;132: 2639-2642.
271. Ansell SM, Lesokhin AM, Borrello I, et al. PD-1 blockade with nivolumab in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin’s lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:311-319.
272. Shannon-Lowe C, Rickinson AB, Bell AI. Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphomas. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2017;372:1-15.
273. Spina V, Bruscaggin A, Cuccaro A, et al. Circulating tumor DNA reveals genetics, clonal evolution and residual disease in classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood. 2018;131:2413-2425.
274. Sud A, Thomsen H, Law PJ, et al. Genome-wide association study of classical Hodgkin lymphoma identifies key regulators of disease susceptibility. Nat Commun. 2017;8:1-11.
275. Wang HW, Balakrishna JP, Pittaluga S, et al. Diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma in the modern era. Br J Haematol. 2019;184:45-59.
276. Panebianco M, Bagni O, Cenfra N, et al. Comparison of (18)F FDG PET-CT AND CECT in pretreatment staging of adults with Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Leuk Res. 2019;76:48-52.
277. El-Galay TC, Gormsen LC, Hutchings M. PET/CT for staging: past, present, and future. Semin Nucl Med. 2018;48:4-16.
278. Remer M, Johnson PW. Risk- and response-adapted strategies for the management of Hodgkin lymphoma. Chin Clin Oncol. 2015;4:1-13.
279. Brockelmann PJ, Sasse S, Engert A. Balancing risk and benefit in early-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood. 2018;131:1666-1678.
280. Depaus J, Delcourt A, Andre M. Therapeutic recommendations for early stage Hodgkin lymphomas. Br J Haematol. 2019;184:9-16.
281. Lim SH, Johnson PWM. Optimizing therapy in advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood. 2018;131:1679-1688.
282. Longley J, Johnson PWM. Current treatment paradigms for advanced stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2019;184:60-71.
283. Broccoli A, Zinzani PL. The role of transplantation in Hodgkin lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2019;184:93-104.
284. Alinari L, Blum KA. How I treat relapsed classical Hodgkin lymphoma after autologous stem cell transplant. Blood. 2016;127:287-295.
285. Schaapveld M, Aleman BMP, van Eggermond AM, et al. Second cancer risk up to 40 years after treatment of Hodgkin’s lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:2499-2511.
286. Conway JL, Connors JM, Tyldesley S, et al. Secondary breast cancer risk by radiation volume in women with Hodgkin lymphoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2017;97:35-41.
287. van Nimwegen FA, Schaapveld M, Cutter DJ, et al. Radiation dose-response relationship for risk of coronary heart disease in survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:235-243.
288. Maraldo MV, Ng AK. Minimizing cardiac risks with contemporary radiation therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:208-210.
289. Uldrick TS, Little RF. How I treat classical Hodgkin lymphoma in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Blood. 2015;125:1226-1235.
290. Chase ML, Armand P. Minimal residual disease in non-Hodgkin lymphoma—current applications and future directions. Br J Haematol. 2018;180:177-188.
291. Palumbo A, Cavallo F, Gay F, et al. Autologous transplantation and maintenance therapy in multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:895-905.
292. Durie BGM, Hoering A, Abidi MH, et al. Bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone vs. lenalidomide and dexamethasone induction followed by lenalidomide and dexamethasone maintenance in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma without intent for immediate autologous stem cell transplant: results of the randomised phase III SWOG trial S0777. Lancet. 2017;389:519-527.
293. Rajkumar SV, Jacobus S, Callander NS, et al. Lenalidomide plus high-dose dexamethasone versus lenalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone as initial therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: an open-label randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11:29-37.
294. Attal M, Lauwers-Cances V, Hulin C, et al. Lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone with transplantation for myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:1311-1320.
295. Mina R, Petrucci MT, Corradini P, et al. Treatment intensification with autologous stem cell transplantation and lenalidomide maintenance improves survival outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma in complete response. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2018;18: 533-540.
296. Attal M, Lauwers-Cances V, Marit G, et al. Lenalidomide maintenance after stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1782-1791.
297. McCarthy PL, Owzar K, Hofmeister CC, et al. Lenalidomide after stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1770-1781.
298. Sonneveld P, Schmidt-Wolf IG, van der Holt B, et al. Bortezomib induction and maintenance treatment in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: results of the randomized phase III HOVON-65/GMMG-HD4 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:2946-2955.
299. Krishnan A, Pasquini MC, Logan B, et al. Autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation followed by allogeneic or autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma (BMT CTN 0102): a phase 3 biological assignment trial. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12:1195-1203.
300. Mateos MV, Dimopoulos MA, Cavo M, et al. Daratumumab plus bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone for untreated myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:518-528.
301. Benboubker L, Dimopoulos MA, Dispenzieri A, et al. Lenalidomide and dexamethasone in transplant- ineligible patients with myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:906-917.
302. San Miguel J, Weisel K, Moreau P, et al. Pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone versus high- dose dexamethasone alone for patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (MM-003): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14:1055-1066.
303. Scott K, Hayden PJ, Will A, et al. Bortezomib for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;4:CD010816.
304. Stewart AK, Rajkumar SV, Dimopoulos MA, et al. Carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone for relapsed multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:142-152.
305. Moreau P, Masszi T, Grzasko N, et al. Oral ixazomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:1621-1634.
306. Dimopoulos MA, Oriol A, Nahi H, et al. Daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:1319-1331.
307. Palumbo A, Chanan-Khan A, Weisel K, et al. Daratumumab, bortezomib, and dexamethasone for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:754-766.
308. Lonial S, Dimopoulos M, Palumbo A, et al. Elotuzumab therapy for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:621-631.
309. Dimopoulos MA, Dytfeld D, Grosicki S, et al. Elotuzumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:1811-1822.
310. San-Miguel MDJF, Hungria VTM, Yoon MDS. Randomized phase 3 trial of the deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat plus bortezomib and dexamethasone versus placebo plus bortezomib and dexamethasone in relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15: 1195-1206.
311. Anderson K, Ismaila N, Flynn PJ, et al. Role of bone-modifying agents in multiple myeloma: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:812-818.
312. Mateos M-V, Hernandez M-T, Giraldo P, et al. Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:438-447.
313. Dimopoulos MA, Tedeschi A, Trotman J, et al. Phase 3 trial of ibrutinib plus rituximab in Waldenstr?m’s macroglobulinemia. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:2399-2410.
314. Kumar SK, Rajkumar SV, Kyle RA, et al. Multiple myeloma. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:1-20.
315. Landgren O, Graubard BI, Kumar S, et al. Prevalence of myeloma precursor state monoclonal gammopathy ofundetermined significance (MGUS) in 12,309 individuals 10 to 49 years old: a populationbased study from the National Health and Nutritional Examination survey. Blood Cancer J. 2017;7:1-5.
316. Chaudhry HM, Mauermann ML, Rajkumar SV Monoclonal gammopathy-associated peripheral neuropathy: diagnosis and management. Mayo Clinic proceedings. 2017;92:838-850.
317. Go RS, Rajkumar SV. How I manage monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Blood. 2018;131:163-173.
318. Kyle RA., Larson DR, Therneau TM, et al. Long-term follow-up of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:241-249.
319. Terpos E, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Gavriatopoulo M, Dimopoulos MA. Pathogenesis ofbone disease in multiple myeloma: from bench to bedside. Blood Cancer J. 2018;8:1-5.
320. Robiou du Pont S, Cleynen A, Fontan C, et al. Genomics of multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:963-967.
321. Chantry A, Kazmi M, Barrington S, et al. Guidelines for the use of imaging in the management of patients with myeloma. Br J Haematol. 2017;178:380-393.
322. Mateos MV Gonzalez-Calle V Smoldering multiple myeloma: who and when to treat. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2017;17:716-722.
323. Kumar SK. Targeted management strategies in multiple myeloma. Cancer J. 2019;25:59-64.
324. Kumar S, Paiva B, Anderson KC, et al. International Myeloma Working Group consensus criteria for response and minimal residual disease assessment in multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17: e328-e346.
325. Palumbo A, Avet-Loiseau H, Oliva S, et al. Revised International Staging System for multiple myeloma: a report from International Myeloma Working Group. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:2863-2869.
326. Bashir Q, Qazilbash MH. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for myeloma: when and in whom does it work. Cirr Hematol Malig Rep. 2017;12:126-135.
327. Moreau P, de Wit E. Recent progress in relapsed multiple myeloma therapy: implications for treatment decisions. Bt J Haematol. 2017;179:198-218.
328. Cook G, Zweegman S, Mateos MV et al. A question of class: treatment options for patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2018;121:74-89.
329. Rosenblatt J, Avigan D. Cellular immunotherapy for multiple myeloma. Cancer J. 2019;25:38-44.
330. Rajkumar SV, Landgren O, Mateos MV. Smoldering multiple myeloma. Blood. 2015;125: 3069-3075.
331. Gundesen MT, Lund T, Moeller HEH, et al. Plasma cell leukemia: definition, presentation, and treatment. Curr Oncol Rep. 2019;21:1-10.
332. Warsame R, Yanamandra U, Kapoor P. POEMS syndrome: an enigma. Cirr Hematol Malig Rep. 2017;12:85-95.
333. Caers J, Paiva B, Zamagni E, et al. Diagnosis, treatment, and response assessment in solitary plasmacytoma: updated recommendations from a European Expert Panel. J Hematol Oncol. 2018;11: 1-10.
334. Gertz MA. Waldenstr?m macroglobulinemia: 2019 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management. Am J Hematol. 2019;94:266-276.
335. Benevolo G, Nicolosi M, Santambrogio E, et al. Current options to manage Waldenstrom’s macro- globulinemia. Expert Rev Hematol. 2017;10:637-647.
336. Muchtar E, Magen H, Gertz MA. How I treat cryoglobulinemia. Blood. 2017;129:289-298.
337. Maurer MS, Schwartz JH, Gundapaneni B, et al. Tafamidis treatment for patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:1007-1016.
338. Solomon SD, Adams D, Kristen A, et al. Effects of patisiran, an RNA interference therapeutic, on cardiac parameters in patients with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis. Circulation. 2019;139:431-443.
339. Adams D, Gonzalez-Duarte A, O’Riordan WD, et al. Patisiran, an RNAi therapeutic, for hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:11-21.
340. Benson MD, Waddington-Cruz M, Berk JL, et al. Inotersen treatment for patients with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:22-31.
341. Berk J, Suhr O, Obici L, et al. Repurposing diflunisal for familial amyloid polyneuropathy: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;310:2658-2667.
342. Wechalekar AD, Gillmore JD, Hawkins PN. Systemic amyloidosis. Lancet. 2016;387:2641-2654.
343. Benson MD, Liepnieks JJ, Kluve-Beckerman B. Hereditary systemic immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis. Blood. 2015;125:3281-3286.
344. Merlini G, Dispenzieri A, Sanchorawala V, et al. Systemic immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018;4:1-19.
345. Malyszko J, Kozlowska K, Malyszko JS. Amyloidosis: a cancer-derived paraproteinemia and kidney involvement. Adv Med Sci. 2017;62:31-38.
346. Flodrova P, Flodr P, Pika T, et al. Cardiac amyloidosis: from clinical suspicion to morphological diagnosis. Pathology. 2018;50:261-268.
347. Donnelly JP, Hanna M. Cardiac amyloidosis: an update on diagnosis and treatment. Cleve Clin J Med. 2017;84:12-26.
348. Jaccard A. POEMS syndrome: therapeutic options. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2018;32: 141-151.
349. Fernandez de Larrea C, Verga L, Morbini P, et al. A practical approach to the diagnosis of systemic amyloidoses. Blood. 2015;125:2239-2244.
350. Vaxman I, Gertz M. Recent advances in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of systemic light-chain amyloidosis. Acta Haematol. 2019;141:93-106.
351. Milani P, Palladini G, Merlini G. New concepts in the treatment and diagnosis of amyloidosis. Expert Rev Hematol. 2018;11:117-127.
352. Palladini G, Sachchithanantham S, Milani P, et al. A European collaborative study of cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in upfront treatment of systemic AL amyloidosis. Blood. 2015;126:612-615.
353. Palladini G, Milani P, Foli A, et al. A phase 2 trial of pomalidomide and dexamethasone rescue treatment in patients with AL amyloidosis. Blood. 2017;129:2120-2123.
354. Angel-Korman A, Stern L, Sarosiek S, et al. Long-term outcome of kidney transplantation in AL amyloidosis. Kidney Int. 2019;95:405-411.
355. Mollee P, Merlini G. Free light chain testing for the diagnosis, monitoring and prognostication of AL amyloidosis. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2016;54:921-927.
356. Milani P, Basset M, Russo F, et al. Patients with light-chain amyloidosis and low free light-chain burden have distinct clinical features and outcome. Blood. 2017;130:625-631.
357. Palladini G, Milani P, Foli A, et al. Presentation and outcome with second-line treatment in AL amyloidosis previously sensitive to nontransplant therapies. Blood. 2018;131:525-532.
358. Fontana M, Pica S, Reant P, et al. Prognostic value of late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance in cardiac amyloidosis. Circulation. 2015;132:1570-1579.
359. Galant NJ, Westermark P, Higaki JN, Chakrabertty A. Transthyretin amyloidosis: an under-recognized neuropathy and cardiomyopathy. Clin Sci. 2017;131:395-409.
360. Iorio A, De Angelis F, Di Girolamo M, et al. Population diversity of the genetically determined TTR expression in human tissues and its implication in TRR amyloidosis. BMC Genomics. 2017;18: 1-9.
361. Quarta CC, Buxbaum JN, Shah AM, et al. The amyloidogenic V122I transthyretin variant in elderly black Americans. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:21-29.
362. Finsterer J, Iglseder S, Wanschitz J, et al. Hereditary transthyretin-related amyloidosis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2019;139:92-105.
363. Lu C, Zuo K, Lu Y, et al. Apolipoprotein A-1-related amyloidosis 2 case reports and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96:1-7.
364. Obici L, Kuks JB, Buades J, et al. Recommendations for presymptomatic genetic testing and management of individuals at risk for hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. Curr Opin Neurol. 2016;29: S27-S35.
365. Papa R, Lachmann HJ. Secondary, AA, amyloidosis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2018;44:585-603.
366. Mikkelsen T, Paleologos NA, Robinson PD, et al. The role of prophylactic anticonvulsants in the management of brain metastases: a systematic review and evidence-based clinical practice guideline. J Neurooncol. 2010;96:97-102.
367. Rogers L, Barani I, Chamberlain M, et al. Meningiomas: knowledge base, treatment outcomes, and uncertainties. A RANO review. J Neurosurg. 2015;122:4-23.
368. Senft C, Bink A, Franz K, et al. Intraoperative MRI guidance and extent of resection in glioma surgery: a randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12:997-1003.
369. Stupp R, Taillibert S, Kanner A, et al. Effect of tumor-treating fields plus maintenance temozolomide vs maintenance temozolomide alone on survival in patients with glioblastoma: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017;318:2306-2316.
370. van den Bent MJ, Baumert B, Erridge SC, et al. Interim results from the CATNON trial (EORTC study 26053-22054) of treatment with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide for 1p/19q non- co-deleted anaplastic glioma: a phase 3, randomised, open-label intergroup study. Lancet. 2017;390:1645-1653.
371. Perry JR, Laperriere N, O’Callaghan CJ, et al. Short-course radiation plus temozolomide in elderly patients with glioblastoma. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:1027-1037.
372. Stupp R, Taillibert S, Kanner AA, et al. Maintenance therapy with tumor-treating fields plus temozolomide vs temozolomide alone for glioblastoma: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;314: 2535-2543.
373. Chinot OL, Wick W, Mason W, et al. Bevacizumab plus radiotherapy-temozolomide for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:709-722.
374. Gilbert MR, Dignam JJ, Armstrong TS, et al. A randomized trial of bevacizumab for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:699-708.
375. Wick W, Gorlia T, Bendszus M, et al. Lomustine and bevacizumab in progressive glioblastoma. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:1954-1963.
376. Buckner JC, Shaw EG, Pugh SL, et al. Radiation plus procarbazine, CCNU, and vincristine in low- grade glioma. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:1344-1355.
377. Cairncross G, Wang M, Shaw E, et al. Phase III trial of chemoradiotherapy for anaplastic oligodendroglioma: long-term results of RTOG 9402. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:337-343.
378. Korfel A, Thiel E, Martus P, et al. Randomized phase III study of whole-brain radiotherapy for primary CNS lymphoma. Neurology. 2015;84:1242-1248.
379. Mahajan A, Ahmed S, McAleer MF, et al. Post-operative stereotactic radiosurgery versus observation for completely resected brain metastases: a single-centre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:1040-1048.
380. Brown PD, Ballman KV Cerhan JH, et al. Postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery compared with whole brain radiotherapy for resected metastatic brain disease (NCCTG N107C/CEC.3): a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:1049-1060.
381. Moussazadeh N, Lis E, Katsoulakis E, et al. Five-year outcomes of high-dose single-fraction spinal stereotactic radiosurgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2015;93:361-367.
382. Louis DN, Perry A, Reifenberger G, et al. The 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary. Acta Neuropathol. 2016;131:803-820.
383. Roosli M, Lagorio S, Schoemaker MJ, et al. Brain and salivary gland tumors and mobile phone use: evaluating the evidence from various epidemiological study designs. Annu Rev Public Health. 2019. [Epub ahead of print.]
384. Zach L, Guez D, Last D, et al. Delayed contrast extravasation MRI: a new paradigm in neuro-oncology. Neuro Oncol. 2015;17:457-465.
385. Donato J, Campigotto F, Uhlmann EJ, et al. Intracranial hemorrhage in patients with brain metastases treated with therapeutic enoxaparin: a matched cohort study. Blood. 2015;126:494-499.
386. Buerki RA, Horbinski CM, Kruser T, et al. An overview of meningiomas. Future Oncol. 2018;14:2161-2177.
387. Jordan JT, Plotkin SR. Benign intracranial tumors. Neurol Clin. 2018;36:501-516. [Epub ahead of print.]
388. Euskirchen P, Peyre M. Management of meningioma. Presse Med. 2018;47:e245-e252.
389. Lees R4, Tombers NM, Link MJ, et al. Natural history of sporadic vestibular schwannoma: a volumetric study of tumor growth. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018;159:535-542.
390. Lapointe S, Perry A, Butowski NA. Primary brain tumours in adults. Lancet. 2018;392:432-446.
391. Brat DJ, Verhaak RG, Aldape KD, et al. Comprehensive, integrative genomic analysis of diffuse lower- grade gliomas. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:2481-2498.
392. Donovan LE, Lassman AB. Chemotherapy treatment and trials in low-grade gliomas. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2019;30:103-109.
393. Robinson GW, Orr BA, Wu G, et al. Vismodegib exerts targeted efficacy against recurrent sonic hedgehog-subgroup medulloblastoma: results from phase II pediatric brain tumor consortium studies PBTC-025B and PBTC-032. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:2646-2654.
394. Cai Q, Fang Y, Young KH. Primary central nervous system lymphoma: molecular pathogenesis and advances in treatment. Transl Oncol. 2019;12:523-538.
395. Omuro A, Correa DD, DeAngelis LM, et al. R-MVP followed by high-dose chemotherapy with TBC and autologous stem-cell transplant for newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma. Blood. 2015;125:1403-1410.
396. Achrol AS, Rennert RC, Anders C, et al. Brain metastases. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019;5:1-26.
397. Tawbi HA, Forsyth PA, Algazi A, et al. Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab in melanoma metastatic to the brain. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:722-730.
398. Lawton AJ, Lee R4, Cheville AL, et al. Assessment and management of patients with metastatic spinal cord compression: a multidisciplinary review. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37:61-71.
399. Spratt DE, Beeler WH, de Moraes FY, et al. An integrated multidisciplinary algorithm for the management of spinal metastases: an International Spine Oncology Consortium report. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:e720-e730.
400. Juthani RG, Bilsky MH, Vogelbaum MA. Current management and treatment modalities for intramedullary spinal cord tumors. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2015;16:1-7.
401. Lacas B, Bourhis J, Overgaard J, et al. Role of radiotherapy fractionation in head and neck cancers (MARCH): an updated meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:1221-1237.
402. Reeves TD, Hill EG, Armeson KE, et al. Cetuximab therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review of the data. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;144:676-684.
403. D’Cruz AK, Vaish R, Kapre N, et al. Elective versus therapeutic neck dissection in node-negative oral cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:521-529.
404. Bonner JA, Harari PM, Giralt J, et al. Radiotherapy plus cetuximab for locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer: 5-year survival data from a phase 3 randomised trial, and relation between cetuximab-induced rash and survival. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11:21-28.
405. Tao Y, Auperin A, Sire C, et al. Improved outcome by adding concurrent chemotherapy to cetuximab and radiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck carcinomas: results of the GORTEC 2007-01 phase III randomized trial. J Clin Oncol. 2018;31:3084-3090.
406. Cohen EEW, Soulieres D, Le Tourneau C, et al. Pembrolizumab versus methotrexate, docetaxel, or cetuximab for recurrent or metastatic head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (KEYNOTE- 040): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet. 2019;393:156-167.
407. Gillison ML, Trotti AM, Harris J, et al. Radiotherapy plus cetuximab or cisplatin in human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal cancer (NRG Oncology RTOG 1016): a randomised, multicentre, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2019;393:40-50.
408. Mehanna H, Robinson M, Hartley A, et al. Radiotherapy plus cisplatin or cetuximab in low-risk human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal cancer (De-ESCALaTE ВПЧ): an open-label randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2019;393:51-60.
409. Ferris RL, Blumenschein G Jr, Fayette J, et al. Nivolumab for recurrent squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:1856-1867.
410. Beachler DC, Kreimer AR, Schiffman M, et al. Multisite HPV16/18 vaccine efficacy against cervical, anal, and oral HPV infection. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2016;108:1-8.
411. Schvartsman G, Pinto NA, Bell D, et al. Salivary gland tumors: molecular characterization and therapeutic advances for metastatic disease. Head Neck. 2019;41:239-247.
412. Ganesh D, Sreenivasan P, ?hman J, et al. Potentially malignant oral disorders and cancer transformation. Anticancer Res. 2018;29:1145-1157.
413. Rettig EM, D’Souza G. Epidemiology of head and neck cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2015;24: 379-396.
414. Huang SH, Xu W, Waldron J, et al. Refining American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control TNM stage and prognostic groups for human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinomas. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:836-845.
415. de Martel C, Plummer M, Vignat J, et al. Worldwide burden of cancer attributable to HPV by site, country and HPV type. Int J Cancer. 2017;141:664-670.
416. Viens LJ, Henley SJ, Watson M, et al. Human Papillomavirus-Associated Cancers—United States, 2008–2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65:661-666.
417. Chaturvedi AK, Graubard BI, Broutian T, et al. NHANES 2009-2012 findings: association of sexual behaviors with higher prevalence of oral oncogenic human papillomavirus infections in U.S. men. Cancer Res. 2015;75:2468-2477.
418. Wang CC, Palefsky JM. Human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancer in the HIV-infected population. Oral Dis. 2016;22:98-106.
419. Walline HM, Carey TE, Goudsmit CM, et al. High-risk HPV, biomarkers, and outcome in matched cohorts of head and neck cancer patients positive and negative for HIV. Mol Cancer Res. 2017;15: 179-188.
420. Cancer Genome Atlas Network. Comprehensive genomic characterization ofhead and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Nature. 2015;517:576-582.
421. Leemans CR, Snijders PJF, Brakenhoff RH. The molecular landscape of head and neck cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2018;18:269-282.
422. Outh-Gauer S, Alt M, Le Tourneau C, et al. Immunotherapy in head and neck cancers: a new challenge for immunologists, pathologists, and clinicians. Cancer Treat Rev. 2018;65:54-64.
423. Ettinger KS, Ganry L, Fernandes RP. Oral cavity cancer. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2019;31:13-29.
424. Adelstein D, Gillison ML, Pfister DG, et al. NCCN guidelines insights: head and neck cancers, version 2.2017 featured updates to the NCCN guidelines. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2017;15: 761-770.
425. O’Sullivan B, Huang SH, Su J, et al. Development and validation of a staging system for HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer by the International Collaboration on Oropharyngeal cancer Network for Staging (ICON-S): a multicentre cohort study. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17:440-451.
426. Sindhu SK, Bauman JE. Current concepts in chemotherapy for head and neck cancer. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2019;31:145-154.
427. Shen ZS, Li JS, Chen WL, Fan S. The latest advancements in selective neck dissection for early stage oral squamous cell carcinoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2017;18:1-17.
428. Riddell IA. Cisplatin and oxaliplatin: our current understanding of their actions. Met Ions Life Sci. 2018;5:1-42.
429. Bauman JE, Cohen E, Ferris RL, et al. Immunotherapy of head and neck cancer: emerging trials from a National Cancer Institute Head and Neck Cancer Steering Committee planning meeting. Cancer. 2017;123:1259-1271.
430. Afzali P, Ward BB. Management of the neck in oral squamous cell carcinoma: background, classification, and current philosophy. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2019;31:69-84.
431. Ward MC, Reddy CA, Adelstein DJ, et al. Use of systemic therapy with definitive radiotherapy for elderly patients with head and neck cancer: a National Cancer Data Base analysis. Cancer. 2016;122:3472-3483.
432. Marur S, Li S, Cmelak AJ, et al. E1308: phase II trial of induction chemotherapy followed by reduced- dose radiation and weekly cetuximab in patients with HPV-associated resectable squamous cell carcinoma of the Oropharynx- ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35: 490-497.
433. Obid R, Redlich M, Tomeh C. The treatment of laryngeal cancer. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2019;31:1-11.
434. Ferrell JK, Mace JC, Clayburgh D. Contemporary treatment patterns and outcomes of salivary gland carcinoma: a National Cancer Database review. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2019. [Epub ahead of print.]
435. Sheth SH, Johnson DE, Kensler TW, et al. Chemoprevention targets for tobacco-related head and neck cancer: past lessons and future directions. Oral Oncol. 2015;51:557-564.
436. Chaturvedi AK, Graubard B, Broutian T, et al. Effect of prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on oral HPV infections among young adults in the U.S. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36: 262-267.
437. Gronhoj C, Jensen DH, Dehlendorff C, et al. Development and external validation of nomograms in oropharyngeal cancer patients with known HPV-DNA status: a European Multicentre Study (OroGrams). Br J Cancer. 2018;118:1672-1681.
438. Schenker Y, Arnold RM, Bauman JE, et al. An enhanced role for palliative care in the multidisciplinary approach to high-risk head and neck cancer. Cancer. 2016;122:340-343.
439. Bendixen M, Jorgensen OD, Kronborg C, et al. Postoperative pain and quality of life after lobectomy via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or anterolateral thoracotomy for early stage lung cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17:836-844.
440. De Ruysscher D, Dingemans AC, Praag J, et al. Prophylactic cranial irradiation versus observation in radically treated stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomized phase III NVALT-11/DLCRG- 02 study. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:2366-2377.
441. Soria JC, Felip E, Cobo M, et al. Afatinib versus erlotinib as second-line treatment of patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (LUX-Lung 8): an open-label randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16:897-907.
442. Mok TS, Cheng Y, Zhou X, et al. Improvement in overall survival in a randomized study that compared dacomitinib with gefitinib in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and EGFR-activating mutations. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:2244-2250.
443. Soria JC, Ohe Y, Vansteenkiste J, et al. Osimertinib in untreated EGFR-mutated advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:113-125.
444. Solomon BJ, Kim DW, Wu YL, et al. Final overall survival analysis from a study comparing first-line crizotinib versus chemotherapy in ALK-mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:2251-2258.
445. Shaw AT, Kim DW, Mehra R, et al. Ceritinib in ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1189-1197.
446. Peters S, Camidge DR, Shaw AT, et al. Alectinib versus crizotinib in untreated ALK-positive nonsmall-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:829-838.
447. Camidge DR, Kim HR, Ahn MJ, et al. Brigatinib versus crizotinib in ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:2027-2039.
448. Hida T, Nokihara H, Kondo M, et al. Alectinib versus crizotinib in patients with ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer ( J-ALEX): an open-label, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2017;390: 29-39.
449. Thatcher N, Hirsch FR, Luft AV et al. Necitumumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin versus gemcitabine and cisplatin alone as first-line therapy in patients with stage IV squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (SQUIRE): an open-label, randomised, controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16: 763-774.
450. Paz-Ares L, Luft A, Vicente D, et al. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy for squamous non-smallcell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:2040-2051.
451. Gandhi L, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Gadgeel S, et al. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:2078-2092.
452. Reck M, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Robinson AG, et al. Updated analysis of KEYNOTE-024: pembrolizumab versus platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with PD-L1 Tumor Proportion Score of 50% or greater. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37:537-546.
453. Socinski MA, Jotte RM, Cappuzzo F, et al. Atezolizumab for first-line treatment of metastatic non- squamous NSCLC. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:2288-2301.
454. Horn L, Mansfield AS, Szczesna A, et al. First-line atezolizumab plus chemotherapy in extensive- stage small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:2220-2229.
455. Hellmann MD, Ciuleanu TE, Pluzanski A, et al. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in lung cancer with a high tumor mutational burden. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:2093-2104.
456. Gettinger S, Horn L, Jackman D, et al. Five-year follow-up of nivolumab in previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: results from the CA209-003 study. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:1675-1684.
457. Herbst RS, Baas P, Kim DW, et al. Pembrolizumab versus docetaxel for previously treated, PD- L1-positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-010): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2016;387:1540-1550.
458. Rittmeyer A, Barlesi F, Waterkamp D, et al. Atezolizumab versus docetaxel in patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (OAK): a phase 3, open-label, multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2017;389:255-265.
459. Antonia SJ, Villegas A, Daniel D, et al. Overall survival with durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy in stage III NSCLC. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:2342-2350.
460. Goto K, Ohe Y, Shibata T, et al. Combined chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide, and irinotecan versus topotecan alone as second-line treatment for patients with sensitive relapsed small-cell lung cancer (JCOG0605): a multicentre, open-label, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17: 1147-1157.
461. National Lung Screening Trial Research Team, Aberle DR, Adams AM, Berg CD, et al. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening. N Engl J Med. 2011;365: 395-409.
462. Kovalchik SA, Tammemagi M, Berg CD, et al. Targeting of low-dose CT screening according to the risk of lung-cancer death. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:245-254.
463. Wille MM, Dirksen A, Ashraf H, et al. Results of the randomized Danish lung cancer screening trial with focus on high-risk profiling. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016;193:542-551.
464. Zalcman G, Mazieres J, Margery J, et al. Bevacizumab for newly diagnosed pleural mesothelioma in the Mesothelioma Avastin Cisplatin Pemetrexed Study (MAPS): a randomised, controlled, openlabel, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2016;387:1405-1414.
465. Fennell DA, Baas P, Taylor P, et al. Maintenance defactinib versus placebo after first-line chemotherapy in patients with merlin-stratified pleural mesothelioma: COMMAND—a double-blind, randomized, phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 2019;790-798.
466. Jeon J, Holford TR, Levy DT, et al. Smoking and lung cancer mortality in the United States from 2015 to 2065: a comparative modeling approach. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169:684-693.
467. Swanton C, Govindan R. Clinical implications of genomic discoveries in lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:1864-1873.
468. Brainard J, Farver C. The diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer in the molecular era. Mod Pathol. 2019. [Epub ahead of print.]
469. Suh JH, Johnson A, Albacker L, et al. Comprehensive genomic profiling facilitates implementation of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines for lung cancer biomarker testing and identifies patients who may benefit from enrollment in mechanism-driven clinical trials. Oncologist. 2016;21:684-691.
470. Gould MK, Tang T, Liu IL, et al. Recent trends in the identification of incidental pulmonary nodules. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;192:1208-1214.
471. Gozzard P, Woodhall M, Chapman C, et al. Paraneoplastic neurologic disorders in small cell lung carcinoma: a prospective study. Neurology. 2015;85:235-239.
472. Silvestri GA, Vachani A, Whitney D, et al. A bronchial genomic classifier for the diagnostic evaluation of lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:243-251.
473. Anderson IJ, Davis AM. Incidental pulmonary nodules detected on CT images. JAMA. 2018;320:2260-2261.
474. Walter JE, Heuvelmans MA, de Jong PA, et al. Occurrence and lung cancer probability of new solid nodules at incidence screening with low-dose CT: analysis of data from the randomised, controlled NELSON trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17:907-916.
475. Berfield KS, Farjah F, Mulligan MS. Video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg. 2019;107:603-609.
476. Ball D, Mai GT, Vinod S, et al. Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy versus standard radiotherapy in stage 1 non-small-cell lung cancer (TROG 09.02 CHISEL): a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019. [Epub ahead of print.]
477. Ettinger DS, Wood DE, Aisner DL, et al. Non-small cell lung cancer, version 5.2017, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2017;15:504-535.
478. Reck M, Rabe KF. Precision diagnosis and treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:849-861.
479. Planchard D, Besse B, Groen HJ, et al. Dabrafenib plus trametinib in patients with previously treated BRAF(V600E)-mutant metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: an open-label, multicentre phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17:984-993.
480. Rizvi NA, Hellmann MD, Snyder A, et al. Cancer immunology. Mutational landscape determines sensitivity to PD-1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer. Science. 2015;348:124-128.
481. Manchado E, Weissmueller S, Morris JP 4th, et al. A combinatorial strategy for treating KRAS -mutant lung cancer. Nature. 2016;534:647-651.
482. Calles A, Aguado G, Sandoval C, et al. The role of immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer. Clin Transl Oncol. 2019. [Epub ahead of print.]
483. Wright AA, Keating NL, Ayanian JZ, et al. Family perspectives on aggressive cancer care near the end of life. JAMA. 2016;315:284-292.
484. Oudkerk M, Devaraj A, Vliegenthart R, et al. European position statement on lung cancer screening. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:e754-e766.
485. Donnelly EF, Kazerooni EA, Lee E, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria* lung cancer screening. J Am Coll Radiol. 2018;15:S341-S346.
486. Wang X, Mao K, Wang L, et al. An appraisal of lung nodules automatic classification algorithms for CT images. Sensors (Basel). 2019;19:1-35.
487. Gould MK. Who should be screened for lung cancer? And who gets to decide? JAMA. 2016;315:2279-2281.
488. Katki HA, Kovalchik SA, Berg CD, et al. Development and validation of risk models to select eversmokers for CT lung cancer screening. JAMA. 2016;315:2300-2311.
489. Kim J, Bhagwandin S, Labow DM. Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: a review. Ann Transl Med. 2017;5:236.
490. Kindler HL, Ismaila N, Armato SG 3rd, et al. Treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:1343-1373.
491. Mariette C, Markar SR, Dabakuyo-Yonli TS, et al. Hybrid minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:152-162.
492. van der Sluis PC, van der Horst S, May AM, et al. Robot-assisted minimally invasive thoracolapa- roscopic esophagectomy versus open transthoracic esophagectomy for resectable esophageal cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg. 2019;269:621-630.
493. Vellayappan BA, Soon YY, Ku GY, et al. Chemoradiotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy plus surgery for esophageal cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;8:CD010511.
494. Shapiro J, van Lanschot JJB, Hulshof M, et al. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus surgery versus surgery alone for oesophageal or junctional cancer (CROSS): long-term results of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16:1090-1098.
495. Pasquali S, Yim G, Vohra RS, et al. Survival after neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatments compared to surgery alone for resectable esophageal carcinoma: a network meta-analysis. Ann Surg. 2017;265:481-491.
496. Yang H, Liu H, Chen Y, et al. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery versus surgery alone for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma ofthe esophagus (NEOCRTEC5010): a phase III multicenter, randomized, open-label clinical trial. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:2796-2803.
497. Phoa KN, van Vilsteren FG, Weusten BL, et al. Radiofrequency ablation vs endoscopic surveillance for patients with Barrett esophagus and low-grade dysplasia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;311:1209-1217.
498. Fujitani K, Yang HK, Mizusawa J, et al. Gastrectomy plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for advanced gastric cancer with a single non-curable factor (REGATTA): a phase 3, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17:309-318.
499. Iacovelli R, Pietrantonio F, Maggi C, et al. Combination or single-agent chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment of gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published trials. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2016;98:24-28.
500. Cats A, Jansen EPM, van Grieken NCT, et al. Chemotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy after surgery and preoperative chemotherapy for resectable gastric cancer (CRITICS): an international, openlabel, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19:616-628.
501. Ohtsu A, Shah MA, Van Cutsem E, et al. Bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy as first-line therapy in advanced gastric cancer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:3968-3976.
502. Fuchs CS, Tomasek J, Yong CJ, et al. Ramucirumab monotherapy for previously treated advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (REGARD): an international, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2014;383:31-39.
503. Kang YK, Boku N, Satoh T, et al. Nivolumab in patients with advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer refractory to, or intolerant of, at least two previous chemotherapy regimens (ONO- 4538-12, ATTRACTION-2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2017;390:2461-2471.
504. Shitara K, ?zg?ro?lu M, Bang YJ, et al. Pembrolizumab versus paclitaxel for previously treated, advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (KEYNOTE-061): a randomised, openlabel, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2018;392:123-133.
505. Choi IJ, Kook MC, Kim YI, et al. Helicobacter pylori therapy for the prevention of metachronous gastric cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:1085-1095.
506. Joensuu H, Eriksson M, Sundby Hall K, et al. One vs three years of adjuvant imatinib for operable gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2012;307:1265-1272.
507. Dong J, Thrift AP. Alcohol, smoking and risk of oesophago-gastric cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2017;31:509-517.
508. Abnet CC, Arnold M, Wei WQ. Epidemiology of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2018;154:360-373.
509. Rice TW, Ishwaran H, Ferguson MK, et al. Cancer of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction: an eighth edition staging primer. J Thorac Oncol. 2017;12:36-42.
510. Cohen DJ, Leichman L. Controversies in the treatment of local and locally advanced gastric and esophageal cancers. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:1754-1759.
511. Lagergren J, Smyth E, Cunningham D, et al. Oesophageal cancer. Lancet. 2017;390:2383-2396.
512. Markar SR, Mackenzie H, Lagergren P, et al. Surgical proficiency gain and survival after esophagectomy for cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:1528-1536.
513. van den Berg JW, Luketich JD, Cheong E. Oesophagectomy: the expanding role of minimally invasive surgery in oesophageal cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2018;36-37:75-80.
514. Markar S, Gronnier C, Duhamel A, et al. Salvage surgery after chemoradiotherapy in the management of esophageal cancer: is it a viable therapeutic option? J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:3866-3873.
515. van Rossum PSN, Mohammad NH, Vleggaar FP, et al. Treatment for unresectable or metastatic oesophageal cancer: current evidence and trends. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;15:235-249.
516. Rubenstein JH, Shaheen NJ. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2015;149:302-317.
517. Grady WM, Yu M. Molecular evolution of metaplasia to adenocarcinoma in the esophagus. Dig Dis Sci. 2018;63:2059-2069.
518. van der Bogt RD, Vermeulen BD, Reijm AN, et al. Palliation of dysphagia. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2018;36-37:97-103.
519. Shah MA. Update on metastatic gastric and esophageal cancers. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:1760-1769.
520. Sitarz R, Skierucha M, Mielko J, et al. Gastric cancer: epidemiology, prevention, classification, and treatment. Cancer Manag Res. 2018;10:239-248.
521. Lee YC, Chiang TH, Chou CK, et al. Association between helicobacter pylori eradication and gastric cancer incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2016;150:1113-1124.
522. Cislo M, Filip AA, Arnold Offerhaus GJ, et al. Distinct molecular subtypes of gastric cancer: from Lauren to molecular pathology. Oncotarget. 2018;9:19427-19442.
523. Cristescu R, Lee J, Nebozhyn M, et al. Molecular analysis of gastric cancer identifies subtypes associated with distinct clinical outcomes. Nat Med. 2015;21:449-456.
524. Chiu PWY, Uedo N, Singh R, et al. An Asian consensus on standards of diagnostic upper endoscopy for neoplasia. Gut. 2019;68:186-197.
525. Coburn N, Cosby R, Klein L, et al. Staging and surgical approaches in gastric cancer: a systematic review. Cancer Treat Rev. 2018;63:104-115.
526. Van Cutsem E, Sagaert X, Topal B, et al. Gastric cancer. Lancet. 2016;388:2654-2664.
527. Ilson DH. Advances in the treatment of gastric cancer. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2018;34:465-468.
528. Matysiak-Budnik T, Fabiani B, Hennequin C, et al. Gastrointestinal lymphomas: French Intergroup clinical practice recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up (SNFGE, FFCD, GERCOR, UNICANCER, SFCD, SFED, SFRO, SFH). Dig Liver Dis. 2018;50:124-131.
529. Salar A. Gastric MALT lymphoma and Helicobacter pylori. Med Clin (Barc). 2019;152:65-71.
530. Peixoto A, Costa-Moreira P, Silva M, et al. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the imatinib era: 15 years’ experience of a tertiary center. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2018;9:358-362.
531. Akahoshi K, Oya M, Koga T, et al. Current clinical management of gastrointestinal stromal tumor. World J Gastroenterol. 2018;24:2806-2817.
532. The Paris endoscopic classification of superficial neoplastic lesions: esophagus, stomach, and colon. November 30 to Desember 1, 2002 // Gastrointest. Endosc. — 2003. Vol.- 58, — p.83-89, 810-843.
533. Casali PG, Zalcberg J, Le Cesne A, et al. Ten-year progression-free and overall survival in patients with unresectable or metastatic GI stromal tumors: long-term analysis ofthe European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Italian Sarcoma Group, and Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group Intergroup phase III randomized trial on imatinib at two dose levels. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:1713-1720.
534. Demetri GD, Reichardt P, Kang YK, et al. Efficacy and safety of regorafenib for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours after failure of imatinib and sunitinib (GRID): an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2013;381:295-302.
535. Imperiale TF, Ransohoff DF, Itzkowitz SH, et al. Multitarget stool DNA testing for colorectal-cancer screening. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1287-1297.
536. Holme A, Loberg M, Kalager M, et al. Effect of flexible sigmoidoscopy screening on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;312:606-615.
537. Holme A, Schoen RE, Senore C, et al. Effectiveness of flexible sigmoidoscopy screening in men and women and different age groups: pooled analysis of randomised trials. BMJ. 2017;356:1-8.
538. Tomo T, Dominguez-Lopez S, Barrios-Rodr?guez R. Non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in prevention of colorectal cancer in people aged 40 or older: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Cancer Epidemiol. 2019;58:52-62.
539. Emilsson L, Holme 0, Bretthauer M, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the comparative effectiveness of aspirin vs. screening for colorectal cancer prevention. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;45:193-204.
540. Kitano S, Inomata M, Mizusawa J, et al. Survival outcomes following laparoscopic versus open D3 dissection for stage II or III colon cancer (JCOG0404): a phase 3, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;2:261-268.
541. Schmoll HJ, Twelves C, Sun W, et al. Effect of adjuvant capecitabine or fluorouracil, with or without oxaliplatin, on survival outcomes in stage III colon cancer and the effect of oxaliplatin on postrelapse survival: a pooled analysis of individual patient data from four randomised controlled trials. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15:1481-1492.
542. Grothey A, Sobrero AF, Shields AF, et al. Duration of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:1177-1188.
543. Allegra CJ, Yothers G, O’Connell MJ, et al. Neoadjuvant 5-FU or capecitabine plus radiation with or without oxaliplatin in rectal cancer patients: a phase III randomized clinical trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2015;107:1-8.
544. Venook AP, Niedzwiecki D, Lenz HJ, et al. Effect of first-line chemotherapy combined with cetuximab or bevacizumab on overall survival in patients with KRAS wild-type advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017;317:2392-2401.
545. Price T, Kim TW, Li J, et al. Final results and outcomes by prior bevacizumab exposure, skin toxicity, and hypomagnesaemia from ASPECCT: randomized phase 3 non-inferiority study of panitumumab versus cetuximab in chemorefractory wild-type KRAS exon 2 metastatic colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2016;68:51-59.
546. Mayer RJ, Van Cutsem E, Falcone A, et al. Randomized trial of TAS-102 for refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1909-1919.
547. Wasan HS, Gibbs P, Sharma NK, et al. First-line selective internal radiotherapy plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer (FOXFIRE, SIRFLOX, and FOXFIRE-Global): a combined analysis of three multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trials. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:1159-1171.
548. Wille-J?rgensen P, Syk I, Smedh K, et al. Effect of more vs less frequent follow-up testing on overall and colorectal cancer-specific mortality in patients with stage II or III colorectal cancer: the COLOFOL randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018;319:2095-2103.
549. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2019. CA Cancer J Clin. 2019;69:7-34.
550. Schrock AB, Devoe CE, McWilliams R, et al. Genomic profiling of small-bowel adenocarcinoma. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3:1546-1553.
551. Sinicrope FA. Lynch syndrome-associated colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:764-773.
552. Kim JS, Park SH, Hansel S, et al. Imaging and screening of cancer of the small bowel. Radiol Clin North Am. 2017;55:1273-1291.
553. Fottner C, Ferrata M, Weber MM. Hormone secreting gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasias (GEP-NEN): when to consider, how to diagnose? Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2017;18: 393-410.
554. Locher C, Batumona B, Afchain P, et al. Small bowel adenocarcinoma: French intergroup clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatments and follow-up (SNFGE, FFCD, GERCOR, UNICANCER, SFCD, SFED, SFRO). Dig Liver Dis. 2018;50:15-19.
555. Siegel RL, Fedewa SA, Anderson WF, et al. Colorectal cancer incidence patterns in the United States, 1974-2013. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2017;109:1-6.
556. Fan C, Younis A, Bookhout CE, et al. Management of serrated polyps of the colon. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2018;16:182-202.
557. Angarita FA, Feinberg AE, Feinberg SM, et al. Management of complex polyps of the colon and rectum. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2018;33:115-129.
558. Geneve N, Kairys D, Bean B, et al. Colorectal cancer screening. Prim Care. 2019;46:135-148.
559. Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, et al. Screening for colorectal cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2016;315:2564-2575.
560. Bronzwaer MES, Greuter MJE, Bleijenberg AGC, et al. Impact of differences in adenoma and proximal serrated polyp detection rate on the long-term effectiveness of FIT-based colorectal cancer screening. BMC Cancer. 2018;18:1-14.
561. IJspeert JE, Tutein Nolthenius CJ, Kuipers EJ, et al. CT-colonography vs. colonoscopy for detection of high-risk sessile serrated polyps. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111:516-522.
562. Zhang X, Keum N, Wu K, et al. Calcium intake and colorectal cancer risk: results from the nurses’ health study and health professionals follow-up study. Int J Cancer. 2016;139:2232-2242.
563. Fuchs MA, Yuan C, Sato K, et al. Predicted vitamin D status and colon cancer recurrence and mortality in CALGB 89803 (Alliance). Ann Oncol. 2017;28:1359-1367.
564. Pan P, Yu J, Wang LS. Diet and colon: what matters? Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2019;35:101-106.
565. Loree JM, Kopetz S. Recent developments in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2017;9:551-564.
566. Das S, Ciombor KK, Haraldsdottir S, et al. Promising new agents for colorectal cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2018;19:1-14.
567. Atreya CE, Yaeger R, Chu E. Systemic therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: from current standards to future molecular targeted approaches. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2017;37:246-256.
568. Tejpar S, Stintzing S, Ciardiello F, et al. Prognostic and predictive relevance of primary tumor location in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: retrospective analyses of the CRYSTAL and FIRE-3 trials. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3:194-201.
569. Arnold D, Lueza B, Douillard JY, et al. Prognostic and predictive value of primary tumour side in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer treated with chemotherapy and EGFR directed antibodies in six randomized trials. Ann Oncol. 2017;28:1713-1729.
570. Le DT, Uram JN, Wang H, et al. PD-1 Blockade in tumors with mismatch-repair deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:2509-2520.
571. Adam R, Kitano Y. Multidisciplinary approach of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Ann Gastroenterol Surg. 2019;3:50-56.
572. Tomasello G, Petrelli F, Ghidini M, et al. FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab as conversion therapy for patients with initially unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and pooled analysis. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3:1-6.
573. Steele SR, Chang GJ, Hendren S, et al. Practice guideline for the surveillance of patients after curative treatment of colon and rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 2015;58:713-725.
574. Petrelli F, Tomasello G, Borgonovo K, et al. Prognostic survival associated with left-sided vs rightsided colon cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3:211-219.
575. Oettle H, Neuhaus P, Hochhaus JT, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and long-term outcomes among patients with resected pancreatic cancer: the CONKO-001 randomized trial. JAMA. 2013;310:1473-1481.
576. Uesaka K, Boku N, Fukutomi A, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy of S-1 versus gemcitabine for resected pancreatic cancer: a phase 3, open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial (JASPAC 01). Lancet. 2016;388:248-257.
577. Neoptolemos JP, Palmer DH, Ghaneh P, et al. Comparison of adjuvant gemcitabine and capecitabine with gemcitabine monotherapy in patients with resected pancreatic cancer (ESPAC-4): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2017;389:1011-1024.
578. Conroy T, Hammel P, Hebbar M, et al. FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine as adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:2395-2406.
579. Liao WC, Chien KL, Lin YL, et al. Adjuvant treatments for resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14:1095-1103.
580. Hammel P, Huguet F, van Laethem JL, et al. Effect of chemoradiotherapy vs chemotherapy on survival in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer controlled after 4 months of gemcitabine with or without erlotinib: the LAP07 randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016;315:1844-1853.
581. Xu X, Wu Q, Wang Z, et al. Meta-analysis of FOLFIRINOX regimen as the first-line chemotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. Clin Exp Med. 2019;19:149-157.
582. Conroy T, Desseigne F, Ychou M, et al. FOLFIRINOX versus gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1817-1825.
583. Von Hoff DD, Ervin T, Arena FP, et al. Increased survival in pancreatic cancer with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine. N Eng J Med. 2013;369:1691-1703.
584. Wang-Gillam A, Li CP, Bodoky G, et al. Nanoliposomal irinotecan with fluorouracil and folinic acid in metastatic pancreatic cancer after previous gemcitabine-based therapy (NAPOLI-1): a global, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2016;387:545-557.
585. Halfdanarson TR, Foster NR, Kim GP, et al. A phase II randomized trial of panitumumab, erlotinib, and gemcitabine versus erlotinib and gemcitabine in patients with untreated, metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma: North Central Cancer Treatment Group Trial N064B (Alliance). Oncologist. 2019. [Epub ahead of print.]
586. Allen PJ, G?nen M, Brennan MF, et al. Pasireotide for postoperative pancreatic fistula. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:2014-2022.
587. Pelzer U, Opitz B, Deutschinoff G, et al. Efficacy of prophylactic low-molecular weight heparin for ambulatory patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: outcomes from the CONKO-004 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:2028-2034.
588. Munoz AR, Chakravarthy D, Gong J, et al. Pancreatic cancer: current status and challenges. Curr Pharmacol Rep. 2017;3:396-408.
589. Shindo K, Yu J, Suenaga M, et al. Deleterious germline mutations in patients with apparently sporadic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:3382-3390.
590. Yuan C, Morales-Oyarvide V, Babic A, et al. Cigarette smoking and pancreatic cancer survival. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:1822-1828.
591. Kirkegard J, Mortensen FV, Cronin-Fenton D. Chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017;112:1366-1372.
592. Kamisawa T, Wood LD, Itoi T, et al. Pancreatic cancer. Lancet. 2016;388:73-85.
593. Shindo K, Yu J, Suenaga M, et al. Deleterious germline mutations in patients with apparently sporadic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:3382-3390.
594. Mueller S, Engleitner T, Maresch R, et al. Evolutionary routes and KRAS dosage define pancreatic cancer phenotypes. Nature. 2018;554:62-68.
595. Syren P, Andersson R, Bauden M, Ansari D. Epigenetic alterations as biomarkers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2017;52:668-673.
596. Dougan SK. The pancreatic cancer microenvironment. Cancer J. 2017;23:321-325.
597. Brewer Gutierrez OI, Lennon AM. Pancreatic cysts: sinister findings or incidentalomas? Med Clin North Am. 2019;103:163-172.
598. Scheiman JM, Hwang JH, Moayyedi P. American Gastroenterological Association technical review on the diagnosis and management of asymptomatic neoplastic pancreatic cysts. Gastroenterology. 2015;148:824-848.
599. Kearns M, Ahmad NA. Diagnosis and management of pancreatic cystic neoplasms. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2017;15:587-602.
600. Vege SS, Ziring B, Jain R, et al. American Gastroenterological Association institute guideline on the diagnosis and management of asymptomatic neoplastic pancreatic cysts. Gastroenterology. 2015;148: 819-822.
601. Kamata K, Kitano M. Endoscopic diagnosis of cystic lesions of the pancreas. Dig Endosc. 2019;31:5-15.
602. Singhi AD, McGrath K, Brand RE, et al. Preoperative next-generation sequencing of pancreatic cyst fluid is highly accurate in cyst classification and detection of advanced neoplasia. Gut. 2018;67: 2131-2141.
603. Cohen JD, Li L, Wang Y, et al. Detection and localization of surgically resectable cancers with a multi-analyte blood test. Science. 2018;doi:10.1126/science.aar3247. [Epub ahead of print.]
604. Vasen H, Ibrahim I, Ponce CG, et al. Benefit of surveillance for pancreatic cancer in high-risk individuals: outcome of long-term prospective follow-up studies from three European expert centers. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:2010-2019.
605. Stark A, Donahue TR, Reber HA, et al. Pancreatic cyst disease: a review. JAMA. 2016;315: 1882-1893.
606. Perri G, Marchegiani G, Frigerio I, et al. Management of pancreatic cystic lesions. Dig Surg. 2019. [Epub ahead of print.]
607. Khorana AA, Mangu PB, Berlin J, et al. Potentially curable pancreatic cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:2324-2328.
608. Russo S, Ammori J, Eads J, et al. The role of neoadjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer: a review. Future Oncol. 2016;12:669-685.
609. Sohal DPS, Kennedy EB, Khorana A, et al. Metastatic pancreatic cancer: ASCO clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:2545-2556.
610. Jais B, Rebours V, Malleo G, et al. Serous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas: a multinational study of 2622 patients under the auspices of the International Association of Pancreatology and European Pancreatic Club (European Study Group on Cystic Tumors of the Pancreas). Gut. 2016;65: 305-312.
611. Balachandran VP, Luksza M, Zhao JN, et al. Identification of unique neoantigen qualities in long-term survivors of pancreatic cancer. Nature. 2017;551:512-516.
612. Singal AG, Pillai A, Tiro J. Early detection, curative treatment, and survival rates for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in patients with cirrhosis: a meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2014;1-20.
613. Bruix J, Takayama T, Mazzaferro V et al. Adjuvant sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma after resection or ablation (STORM): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;16:1344-1354.
614. Liu Z, Gao F, Yang G, et al. Combination of radiofrequency ablation with transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: an up-to-date meta-analysis. Tumour Biol. 2014;35:7407-7413.
615. Brown KT, Do RK, Gonen M, et al. Randomized trial of hepatic artery embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma using doxorubicin-eluting microspheres compared with embolization with microspheres alone. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:2046-2053.
616. Kudo M, Finn RS, Qin S, et al. Lenvatinib versus sorafenib in first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2018;391:1163-1173.
617. Bruix J, Qin S, Merle P, et al. Regorafenib for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who progressed on sorafenib treatment (RESORCE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2017;389:56-66.
618. Abou-Alfa GK, Meyer T, Cheng AL, et al. Cabozantinib in patients with advanced and progressing hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:54-63.
619. Primrose JN, Fox RP, Palmer DH, et al. Capecitabine compared with observation in resected biliary tract cancer (BILCAP): a randomised, controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20:663-673.
620. Valle J, Wasan H, Palmer DH, et al. Cisplatin plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for biliary tract cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1273-1281.
621. Forner A, Reig M, Bruix J. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet. 2018;391:1301-1324.
622. Baecker A, Liu X, La Vecchia C, Zhang ZF. Worldwide incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma cases attributed to major risk factors. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2018;27:205-212.
623. Ryerson A, Eheman C, Altekruse S, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 19752012, featuring the increasing incidence of liver cancer. Cancer. 2016;122:1312-1337.
624. Said A, Ghufran A. Epidemic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Clin Oncol. 2017;8:429-436.
625. Ganne-Carrie N, Nahon P. Hepatocellular carcinoma in the setting of alcohol-related liver disease. J Hepatol. 2019;70:284-293.
626. Fingas C, Best J, Sowa J-P, Canbay A. Epidemiology of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical Liver Dis. 2016;8:119-122.
627. Mohamad B, Shah V Onyshchenko M, et al. Characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients without cirrhosis. Hepatol Int. 2016; 10: 632-639.
628. Van Dyke AL, Shiels MS,Jones GS, et al. Biliary tract cancer incidence and trends in the United States by demographic group, 1999–2013. Cancer. 2019. [Epub ahead of print.]
629. DesJardins H, Duy L, Scheirey C, Schnelldorfer T. Porcelain gallbladder: is observation a safe option in select populations? J Am Coll Surg. 2018;226:1064-1069.
630. Ringelhan M, Pfister D, O’Connor T, et al. The immunology ofhepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Immunol. 2018;19:222-232.
631. DeLeon TT, Ahn DH, Bogenberger JM, et al. Novel targeted therapy strategies for biliary tract cancers and hepatocellular carcinoma. Future Oncol. 2018;14:553-566.
632. Chou R, Cuevas C, Fu R, et al. Imaging techniques for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162:697-711.
633. Cartier V, Crouan A, Esvan M, et al. Suspicious liver nodule in chronic liver disease: usefulness of a second biopsy. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2018;99:493-499.
634. Salem R, Gordon AC, Mouli S, et al. Radioembolization significantly prolongs time to progression compared with chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2016;151:1155-1163.
635. Heimbach JK, Kulik LM, Finn RS, et al. AASLD guidelines for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2018;67:358-380.
636. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2018;69:182-236.
637. El-Khoueiry A, Sangro B, Yau T, et al. Nivolumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (checkmate 040): an open-label, non-comparative, phase 1/2 dose escalation and expansion trial. Lancet. 2017;389:2492-2502.
638. Doherty B, Nambudiri VE, Palmer WC. Update on the diagnosis and treatment of cholangiocarci- noma. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2017;19:1-8.
639. Zaidi MY, Maithel SK. Updates on gallbladder cancer management. Curr Oncol Rep. 2018;20:1-7.
640. Varley PR, Geller DA, Tsung A. Factors influencing failure to rescue after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a national surgical quality improvement project perspective. J Surg Res. 2017;214:131-139.
641. Lee DD, Croome KP, Musto KR, et al. Liver transplantation for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Liver Transpl. 2018;24:634-644.
642. Le DT, Uram JN, Wang H, et al. PD-1 blockade in tumors with mismatch-repair deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:2509-2520.
643. Waziry R, Hajarizadeh B, Grebely J, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma risk following direct-acting antiviral therapy: a systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regression. J Hepatol. 2017;67: 1204-1212.
644. Fujiwara N, Friedman SL, Goossens N, Hoshida Y. Risk factors and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of precision medicine. J Hepatol. 2018;68:526-549.
645. Ravaud A, Motzer RJ, Pandha HS, et al. Adjuvant sunitinib in high-risk renal-cell carcinoma after nephrectomy. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:2246-2254.
646. Mejean A, Ravaud A, Thezenas S, et al. Sunitinib alone or after nephrectomy in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:417-427.
647. George S, Motzer RJ, Hammers HJ, et al. Safety and efficacy ofnivolumab in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated beyond progression: a subgroup analysis of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2016;2:1179-1186.
648. Motzer RJ, Tannir NM, McDermott DF, et al. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus sunitinib in advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:1277-1290.
649. Haas NB, Manola J, Uzzo RG, et al. Adjuvant sunitinib or sorafenib for high-risk, non-metastatic renal-cell carcinoma (ECOG-ACRIN E2805): a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2016;387:2008-2016.
650. Escudier B, Bellmunt J, Negrier S, et al. Phase III trial of bevacizumab plus interferon alfa-2a in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (AVOREN): final analysis of overall survival. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:2144-2150.
651. Fernandez-Pello S, Hofmann F, Tahbaz R, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness and adverse effects of different systemic treatments for non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2017;71:426-436.
652. Motzer RJ, Escudier B, McDermott DF, et al. Nivolumab versus everolimus in advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:1803-1813.
653. Choueiri TK, Escudier B, Powles T, et al. Cabozantinib versus everolimus in advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:1814-1823.
654. Motzer RJ, Hutson TE, Glen H, et al. Lenvatinib, everolimus, and the combination in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a randomised phase 2, open-label, multicentre trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16:1473-1482.
655. Messing EM, Tangen CM, Lerner SP, et al. Effect of intravesical instillation of gemcitabine vs saline immediately following resection of suspected low-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer on tumor recurrence: SWOG S0337 randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018;319:1880-1888.
656. International Collaboration of Trialists. International phase III trial assessing neoadjuvant cisplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: long-term results of the BA06 30894 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:2171-2177.
657. Sternberg CN, Skoneczna I, Kerst JM, et al. Immediate versus deferred chemotherapy after radical cystectomy in patients with pT3-pT4 or N+ M0 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (EORTC 30994): an intergroup, open-label, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16:76-86.
658. James ND, Hussain SA, Hall E, et al. Radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in muscle- invasive bladder cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1477-1488.
659. De Santis M, Bellmunt J, Mead G, et al. Randomized phase II/III trial assessing gemcitabine/ carboplatin and methotrexate/carboplatin/vinblastine in patients with advanced urothelial cancer who are unfit for cisplatin-based chemotherapy: EORTC study 30986. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:191-199.
660. Petrylak DP, de Wit R, Chi KN, et al. Ramucirumab plus docetaxel versus placebo plus docetaxel in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma after platinum-based therapy (RANGE): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2017;390:2266-2277.
661. Bellmunt J, de Wit R, Vaughn DJ, et al. Pembrolizumab as second-line therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:1015-1026.
662. Inamura K. Renal cell tumors: understanding their molecular pathological epidemiology and the 2016 WHO classification. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18:1-15.
663. Capitanio U, Bensalah K, Bex A, et al. Epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2019;75: 74-84
664. Linehan WM, Spellman PT, Ricketts CJ, et al. Comprehensive molecular characterization of papillary renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:135-145.
665. Hagemann M, Kroeger N, Stenzl A, et al. Rare and changeable as a chameleon: paraneoplastic syndromes in renal cell carcinoma. World J Urol. 2018;36:849-854.
666. Capitanio U, Montorsi F. Renal cancer. Lancet. 2016;387:894-906.
667. Williamson SR, Taneja K, Cheng L. Renal cell carcinoma staging: pitfalls, challenges, and updates. Histopathology. 2019;74:18-30.
668. Choueiri TK, Motzer RJ. Systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2017; 376:354-366.
669. Lalani AA, McGregor BA, Albiges L, et al. Systemic treatment of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma in 2018: current paradigms, use of immunotherapy, and future directions. Eur Urol. 2019;75:100-110.
670. Fernandez MI, Brausi M, Clark PE, et al. Epidemiology, prevention, screening, diagnosis, and evaluation: update of the ICUD-SIU joint consultation on bladder cancer. World J Urol. 2019;37:3-13.
671. Comperat E, Varinot J, Moroch J, et al. A practical guide to bladder cancer pathology. Nat Rev Urol. 2018;15:143-154.
672. Yousef PG, Gabril MY. An update on the molecular pathology of urinary bladder tumors. Pathol Res Pract. 2018;214:1-6.
673. Chou R, Gore JL, Buckley D, et al. Urinary biomarkers for diagnosis of bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163:922-931.
674. Kamat AM, Hahn NM, Efstathiou JA, et al. Bladder cancer. Lancet. 2016;388:2796-2810.
675. Pietzak EJ, Donahue TF, Bochner BH. Male neobladder. Urol Clin North Am. 2018;45:37-48.
676. Pradere B, Thibault C, Vetterlein MW, et al. Peri-operative chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: status-quo in 2017. Transl Androl Urol. 2017;6:1049-1059.
677. Godwin JL, Hoffman-Censits J, Plimack E. Recent developments in the treatment of advanced bladder cancer. Urol Oncol. 2018;36:109-114.
678. Balar AV, Castellano D, O’Donnell PH, et al. First-line pembrolizumab in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced and unresectable or metastatic urothelial cancer (KEYNOTE-052): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:1483-1492.
679. Balar AV, Galsky MD, Rosenberg JE, et al. Atezolizumab as first-line treatment in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2017;389:67-76.
680. Galimberti V, Cole BF, Viale G, et al. Axillary dissection versus no axillary dissection in patients with breast cancer and sentinel-node micrometastases (IBCSG 23-01): 10-year follow-up of a randomised, controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19:1385-1393.
681. Strnad V, Ott OJ, Hildebrandt G, et al. 5-year results of accelerated partial breast irradiation using sole interstitial multicatheter brachytherapy versus whole-breast irradiation with boost after breastconserving surgery for low-risk invasive and in-situ carcinoma of the female breast: a randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2016;387:229-238.
682. Whelan TJ, Olivotto IA, Parulekar WR, et al. Regional nodal irradiation in early-stage breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:307-316.
683. McGale P, Taylor C, Correa C, et al. Effect of radiotherapy after mastectomy and axillary surgery on 10-year recurrence and 20-year breast cancer mortality: meta-analysis of individual patient data for 8135 women in 22 randomised trials. Lancet. 2014;383:2127-2135.
684. Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG). Comparisons between different polychemotherapy regimens for early breast cancer: meta-analyses of long-term outcome among 100,000 women in 123 randomised trials. Lancet. 2012;379:432-444.
685. Pan H, Gray R, Braybrooke J, et al. 20-year risks of breast-cancer recurrence after stopping endocrine therapy at 5 years. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:1836-1846.
686. Sparano JA, Gray RJ, Makower DF, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy guided by a 21-gene expression assay in breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:111-121.
687. Francis PA, Pagani O, Fleming GF, et al. Tailoring adjuvant endocrine therapy for premenopausal breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:122-137.
688. Moore HC, Unger JM, Phillips KA, et al. Goserelin for ovarian protection during breast-cancer adjuvant chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:923-932.
689. De Placido S, Gallo C, De Laurentiis M, et al. Adjuvant anastrozole versus exemestane versus letrozole, upfront or after 2 years of tamoxifen, in endocrine-sensitive breast cancer (FATA-GIM3): a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19:474-485.
690. Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG). Aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen in early breast cancer: patient-level meta-analysis of the randomized trials. Lancet. 2015;386: 1341-1352.
691. Goss PE, Ingle JN, Pritchard KI, et al. Extending aromatase-inhibitor adjuvant therapy to 10 years. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:209-219.
692. von Minckwitz G, Huang CS, Mano MS, et al. Trastuzumab emtansine for residual invasive HER2- positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:617-628.
693. Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG). Long-term outcomes for neoadjuvant versus adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer: meta-analysis of individual patient data from ten randomised trials. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19:27-39.
694. Mehta RS, Barlow WE, Albain KS, et al. Combination anastrozole and fulvestrant in metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:435-444.
695. Baselga J, Campone M, Piccart M, et al. Everolimus in postmenopausal hormone-receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:520-529.
696. Turner NC, Slamon DJ, Ro J, et al. Overall survival with palbociclib and fulvestrant in advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:1926-1936.
697. Baselga J, Cort?s J, Kim SB, et al. Pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel for metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:109-119.
698. Verma S, Miles D, Gianni L, et al. Trastuzumab emtansine for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1783-1791.
699. von Minckwitz G, Procter M, de Azambuja E, et al. Adjuvant pertuzumab and trastuzumab in early HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:122-131.
700. Swain SM, Baselga J, Kim SB, et al. Pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:724-734.
701. Robson M, Im SA, Senkus E, et al. Olaparib for metastatic breast cancer in patients with a germline BRCA mutation. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:523-533.
702. Litton JK, Rugo HS, Ettl J, et al. Talazoparib in patients with advanced breast cancer and a germline BRCA mutation. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:753-763.
703. Gnant M, Pfeiler G, Dubsky PC, et al. Adjuvant denosumab in breast cancer (ABCSG-18): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;386:433-443.
704. Coleman R, Powles T, Paterson A, et al. Adjuvant bisphosphonate treatment in early breast cancer: meta-analyses of individual patient data from randomised trials. Lancet. 2015;386:1353-1361.
705. Mao JJ, Bowman MA, Xie SX, et al. Electroacupuncture versus gabapentin for hot flashes among breast cancer survivors: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33: 3615-3620.
706. Cuzick J, Sestak I, Forbes JF, et al. Anastrozole for prevention of breast cancer in high-risk postmenopausal women (IBIS-II): an international, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2014;383:1041-1048.
707. Moss SM, Wale C, Smith R, et al. Effect of mammographic screening from age 40 years on breast cancer mortality in the UK Age trial at 17 years’ follow-up: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16:1123-1132.
708. Ohuchi N, Suzuki A, Sobue T, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of mammography and adjunctive ultrasonography to screen for breast cancer in the Japan Strategic Anti-cancer Randomized Trial ( J-START): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2016;387:341-348.
709. Rebbeck TR, Mitra N, Wan F, et al. Association of type and location of BCRA1 and BCRA2 mutations with risk of breast and ovarian cancer. JAMA. 2015;313:1347-1361.
710. Wendt C, Margolin S. Identifying breast cancer susceptibility genes—a review of the genetic background in familial breast cancer. Acta Oncol. 2019;58:135-146.
711. Morch LS, Skovlund CW, Hannaford PC, et al. Contemporary hormonal contraception and the risk of breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:2228-2239.
712. Woodward WA. Inflammatory breast cancer: unique biological and therapeutic considerations. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16:e568-e576.
713. Buono G, Gerratana L, Bulfoni M, et al. Circulating tumor DNA analysis in breast cancer: is it ready for prime-time? Cancer Treat Rev. 2019;73:73-83.
714. Abdel-Rahman O. Validation of the 8th AJCC prognostic staging system for breast cancer in a population-based setting. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018;168:269-275.
715. Ibis K, Ozkurt S, Kucucuk S, et al. Comparison of pathological prognostic stage and anatomic stage groups according to the updated version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) breast cancer staging 8th edition. Med Sci Monit. 2018;24:3637-3643.
716. Loibl S, Gianni L. HER2-positive breast cancer. Lancet. 2017;389:2415-2429.
717. Low SK, Zembutsu H, Nakamura Y. Breast cancer: the translation of big genomic data to cancer precision medicine. Cancer Sci. 2018;109:497-506.
718. Lee GK, Sheckter CC. Breast reconstruction following breast cancer treatment—2018. JAMA. 2018;320:1277-1278.
719. Rockson SG. Lymphedema after breast cancer treatment. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:1937-1944.
720. Waks AG, Winer EP. Breast cancer treatment. JAMA. 2019;321:316.
721. Denduluri N, Chavez-MacGregor M, Telli ML, et al. Selection of optimal adjuvant chemotherapy and targeted therapy for early breast cancer: ASCO clinical practice guideline focused update. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:2433-2443.
722. Turner NC, Slamon DJ, Ro J, et al. Overall survival with palbociclib and fulvestrant in advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:1926-1936.
723. Runowicz CD, Leach CR, Henry NL, et al. American Cancer Society/American Society of Clinical Oncology breast cancer survivorship care guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:611-635.
724. Lynce F, Shajahan-Haq AN, Swain SM. CDK 4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer therapy: current practice and future opportunities. Pharmacol Ther. 2018;191:65-73.
725. Wang X, Shi Y, Huang D, et al. Emerging therapeutic modalities of PARP inhibitors in breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rev. 2018;68:62-68.
726. Giordano SH. Breast cancer in men. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:2311-2320.
727. Sauler ER. Breast cancer prevention: current approaches and future directions. Eur J Breast Health. 2018;14:64-71.
728. Myers ER, Moorman P, Gierisch JM, et al. Benefits and harms of breast cancer screening: a systematic review. JAMA. 2015;314:1615-1634.
729. Nelson HD, Fu R, Cantor A, et al. Effectiveness of breast cancer screening: systematic review and meta-analysis to update the 2009 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation. Ann Intern Med. 2016;164:244-255.
730. Siu AL. Screening for breast cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2016;164:279-296.
731. Lauby-Secretan B, Scoccianti C, Loomis D, et al. Breast-cancer screening: viewpoint of the IARC Working Group. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:2353-2358.
732. Nelson HD, Pappas M, Cantor A, et al. Harms of breast cancer screening: systematic review to update the 2009 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation. Ann Intern Med. 2016; 164:256-267.
733. Welch HG, Prorok PC, O’Malley AJ, et al. Breast-cancer tumor size, overdiagnosis, and mammography screening effectiveness. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:1438-1447.
734. Sprague BL, Stout NK, Schechter C, et al. Benefits, harms, and cost-effectiveness of supplemental ultrasonography screening for women with dense breasts. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162:157-166.
735. Melnikow J, Fenton JJ, Whitlock EP, et al. Supplemental screening for breast cancer in women with dense breasts: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2016;164:268-278.
736. Angelopoulou A, Field D, Ryan CA, et al. The microbiology and treatment of human mastitis. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2018;207:83-94.
737. Ramirez PT, Frumovitz M, Pareja R, et al. Minimally invasive versus abdominal radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:1895-1904.
738. Gupta S, Maheshwari A, Parab P, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgery versus concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patients with stage IB2, IIA, or IIB squamous cervical cancer: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:1548-1555.
739. Tewari KS, Sill MW, Penson RT, et al. Bevacizumab for advanced cervical cancer: final overall survival and adverse event analysis of a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial (Gynecologic Oncology Group 240). Lancet. 2017;390:1654-1663.
740. Huh WK, Joura EA, Giuliano AR, et al. Final efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety analyses of a nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine in women aged 16–26 years: a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2017;390:2143-2159.
741. Arbyn M, Xu L, Simoens C, et al. Prophylactic vaccination against human papillomaviruses to prevent cervical cancer and its precursors. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;5:CD009069.
742. Yi L, Zhang H, Zou J, et al. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in high-risk endometrial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Oncol. 2018;149:612-619.
743. de Boer SM, Powell ME, Mileshkin L, et al. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for women with high-risk endometrial cancer (PORTEC-3): final results of an international, openlabel, multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19:295-309.
744. Wright AA, Bohlke K, Armstrong DK, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for newly diagnosed, advanced ovarian cancer: Society of Gynecologic Oncology and American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline. Gynecol Oncol. 2016;143:3-15.
745. Coleman RL, Brady MF, Herzog TJ, et al. Bevacizumab and paclitaxel-carboplatin chemotherapy and secondary cytoreduction in recurrent, platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer (NRG Oncology/ Gynecologic Oncology Group study GOG-0213): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:779-791.
746. Coleman RL, Oza AM, Lorusso D, et al. Rucaparib maintenance treatment for recurrent ovarian carcinoma after response to platinum therapy (ARIEL3): a randomised, double-blind, placebo- controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2017;390:1949-1961.
747. Moore K, Colombo N, Scambia G, et al. Maintenance olaparib in patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:2495-2505.
748. Murji A, Whitaker L, Chow TL, et al. Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) for uterine fibroids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;4:CD010770.
749. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68:7-30.
750. Bogani G, Leone Roberti Maggiore U, Signorelli M, et al. The role of human papillomavirus vaccines in cervical cancer: prevention and treatment. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2018;122:92-97.
751. Roden RBS, Stern PL. Opportunities and challenges for human papillomavirus vaccination in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2018;18:240-254.
752. Koh WJ, Abu-Rustum NR, Bean S, et al. Cervical cancer, version 3.2019, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2019;17:64-84.
753. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Use of a 2-dose schedule for human papillomavirus vaccination—updated recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6549a5.htm Accessed April 16, 2019.
754. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Human papilloma virus: tools and materials for your office. https://www.cdc.gov/hpv/hcp/tools-materials.html Accessed April 16, 2019.
755. Curry SJ, Krist AH, Owens DK, et al. Screening for cervical cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2018;320:674-686.
756. Cohen PA, Jhingran A, Oaknin A, et al. Cervical cancer. Lancet. 2019;393:169-182.
757. Staples JN, Duska LR. Cancer screening and prevention highlights in gynecologic cancer. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2019;46:19-36.
758. Adar T, Rodgers LH, Shannon KM, et al. Universal screening of both endometrial and colon cancers increases the detection of Lynch syndrome. Cancer. 2018;124:3145-3153.
759. Fader AN, Java J, Tenney M, et al. Impact of histology and surgical approach on survival among women with early-stage, high-grade uterine cancer: an NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group ancillary analysis. Gynecol Oncol. 2016;143:460-465.
760. MacKay HJ, Levine DA, Bae-Jump VL, et al. Moving forward with actionable therapeutic targets and opportunities in endometrial cancer: NCI clinical trials planning meeting report on identifying key genes and molecular pathways for targeted endometrial cancer trials. Oncotarget. 2017;8: 84579-84594.
761. Cosgrove CM, Tritchler DL, Cohn DE, et al. An NRG Oncology/GOG study of molecular classification for risk prediction in endometrioid endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2018;148:174-180.
762. Holloway RW, Abu-Rustum NR, Backes FJ, et al. Sentinel lymph node mapping and staging in endometrial cancer: a Society of Gynecologic Oncology literature review with consensus recommendations. Gynecol Oncol. 2017;146:405-415.
763. Koh WJ, Abu-Rustum NR, Bean S, et al. Uterine neoplasms, version 1.2018, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2018;16:170-199.
764. Colombo N, Creutzberg C, Amant F, et al. ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO Consensus Conference on Endometrial Cancer: diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2016;27:16-41.
765. Lheureux S, Gourley C, Vergote I, et al. Epithelial ovarian cancer. Lancet. 2019;393:1240-1253.
766. Norquist BM, Harrell MI, Brady MF, et al. Inherited mutations in women with ovarian carcinoma. JAMA Oncol. 2016;2:482-490.
767. Mersch J, Jackson MA, Park M, et al. Cancers associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations other than breast and ovarian. Cancer. 2015;121:269-275.
768. Morgan RJ Jr, Armstrong DK, Alvarez RD, et al. Ovarian cancer, version 1.2016, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2016;14:1134-1163.
769. Noone AM, Cronin KA., Altekruse SF, et al. Cancer incidence and survival trends by subtype using data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Program, 1992-2013. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2017;26:632-641.
770. Henderson JT, Webber EM, Sawaya GF. Screening for ovarian cancer: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2018;319:595-606.
771. Farris M, Bastianelli C, Rosato E, et al. Uterine fibroids: an update on current and emerging medical treatment options. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2019;15:157-178.
772. Garnock-Jones KP, Duggan ST. Ulipristal acetate: a review in symptomatic uterine fibroids. Drugs. 2017;77:1665-1675.
773. Dubuisson J. The current place of mini-invasive surgery in uterine leiomyoma management. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2019;48:77-81.
774. Mead GM, Fossa SD, Oliver RT, et al. Randomized trials in 2466 patients with stage I seminoma: patterns of relapse and follow-up. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011;103:241-249.
775. Daugaard G, Skoneczna I, Aass N, et al. A randomized phase III study comparing standard dose BEP with sequential high-dose cisplatin, etoposide, and ifosfamide (VIP) plus stem-cell support in males with poor-prognosis germ-cell cancer. An intergroup study of EORTC, GTCSG, and Grupo Germinal (EORTC 30974). Ann Oncol. 2011;22:1054-1061.
776. Brenner DR, Heer E, Ruan Y, et al. The rising incidence of testicular cancer among young men in Canada, data from 1971-2015. Cancer Epidemiol. 2019;58:175-177.
777. Smith ZL, Werntz RP, Eggener SE. Testicular cancer: epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. Med Clin North Am. 2018;102:251-264.
778. Batool A, Karimi N, Wu XN, et al. Testicular germ cell tumor: a comprehensive review. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019. [Epub ahead of print.].
779. Rajpert-De Meyts E, McGlynn KA, Okamoto K, et al. Testicular germ cell tumours. Lancet. 2016;387:1762-1774.
780. Paner GP, Stadler WM, Hansel DE, et al. Updates in the eighth edition of the tumor-node-metastasis staging classification for urologic concerns. Eur Urol. 2018;73:560-569.
781. Adra N, Abonour R, Althouse SK, et al. High dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant for relapsed metastatic germ cell tumors. The Indiana University Experience. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:1096-1102.
782. Adra N, Einhorn LH. Testicular cancer update. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2017;15:386-396.
783. Alsdorf W, Seidel C, Bokemeyer C, et al. Current pharmacotherapy for testicular germ cell cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2019;1-14.
784. Kerns SL, Fung C, Monahan PO, et al. Cumulative burden of morbidity among testicular cancer survivors after standard cisplatin-based chemotherapy: a multi-institutional study. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:1505-1512.
785. Maroto P, Anguera G, Martin C. Long-term toxicity of the treatment for germ cell-cancer. A review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2018;121:62-67.
786. Kior MG, Hansen MK, Lauritsen J, et al. Second malignant neoplasms and cause of death in patients with germ cell cancer. JAMA Oncol. 2016;2:1624-1627.
787. Schepisi G, De Padova S, De Lisi D, et al. Psychosocial issues in long-term survivors of testicular cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019;10:1-10.
788. Schroder FH, Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, et al. Screening and prostate cancer mortality: results of the European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) at 13 years of follow-up. Lancet. 2014;384:2027-2035.
789. Martin RM, Donovan JL, Turner EL, et al. Effect of a low-intensity PSA-based screening intervention on prostate cancer mortality: the CAP randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018;319:883-895.
790. Ilic D, Djulbegovic M, Jung JH, et al. Prostate cancer screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2018;362:1-12.
791. Pron G. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based population screening for prostate cancer: an evidencebased analysis. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser. 2015;15:1-64.
792. Fenton JJ, Weyrich MS, Durbin S, et al. Prostate-specific antigen-based screening for prostate cancer: evidence report and systematic review of the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2018;319: 1914-1931.
793. Kasivisvanathan V, Rannikko AS, Borghi M, et al. MRI-targeted or standard biopsy for prostatecancer diagnosis. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:1767-1777.
794. Andriole GL, Bostwick DG, Brawley OW, et al. Effect of dutasteride on the risk of prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1192-1202.
795. Goodman PJ, Tangen CM, Darke AK, et al. Long-term effects of finasteride on prostate cancer mortality. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:393-394.
796. Wilt TJ, Jones KM, Barry MJ, et al. Follow-up ofprostatectomy versus observation for early prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:132-142.
797. Bill-Axelson A, Holmberg L, Garmo H, et al. Radical prostatectomy or watchful waiting in prostate cancer—29-year follow-up. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:2319-2329.
798. Hamdy FC, Donovan JL, Lane JA, et al. 10-year outcomes after monitoring, surgery, or radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:1415-1424.
799. Wilt TJ, Brawer MK, Jones KM, et al. Radical prostatectomy versus observation for localized prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:203-213.
800. Yaxley JW, Coughlin GD, Chambers SK, et al. Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy versus open radical retropubic prostatectomy: early outcomes from a randomised controlled phase 3 study. Lancet. 2016;388:1057-1066.
801. Incrocci L, Wortel RC, Alemayehu WG, et al. Hypofractionated versus conventionally fractionated radiotherapy for patients with localised prostate cancer (HYPRO): final efficacy results from a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17:1061-1069.
802. Dearnaley D, Syndikus I, Mossop H, et al. Conventional versus hypofractionated high-dose intensity- modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer: 5-year outcomes of the randomised, non-inferiority, phase 3 CHHiP trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17:1047-1060.
803. Aluwini S, Pos F, Schimmel E, et al. Hypofractionated versus conventionally fractionated radiotherapy for patients with prostate cancer (HYPRO): late toxicity results from a randomised, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17:464-474.
804. Jones CU, Hunt D, McGowan DG, et al. Radiotherapy and short-term androgen deprivation for localized prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:107-118.
805. Shipley WU, Seiferheld W, Lukka HR, et al. Radiation with or without antiandrogen therapy in recurrent prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:417-428.
806. Crook JM, O’Callaghan CJ, Duncan G, et al. Intermittent androgen suppression for rising PSA level after radiotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:895-903.
807. Parker CC, James ND, Brawley CD, et al. Radiotherapy to the primary tumour for newly diagnosed, metastatic prostate cancer (STAMPEDE): a randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2018; 392:2353-2366.
808. Sweeney CJ, Chen YH, Carducci M, et al. Chemohormonal therapy in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:737-746.
809. James ND, Sydes MR, Clarke NW, et al. Addition of docetaxel, zoledronic acid, or both to first-line long-term hormone therapy in prostate cancer (STAMPEDE): survival results from an adaptive, multiarm, multistage, platform randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2016;387:1163-1177.
810. Fizazi K, Tran NP, Fein L, et al. Abiraterone plus prednisone in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:352-360.
811. James ND, de Bono JS, Spears MR, et al. Abiraterone for prostate cancer not previously treated with hormone therapy. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:338-351.
812. Kantoff PW, Higano CS, Shore ND, et al. Sipuleucel-T immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:411-422.
813. Hussain M, Fizazi K, Saad F, et al. Enzalutamide in men with nonmetastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:2465-2474.
814. Ryan CJ, Smith MR, de Bono JS. Abiraterone in metastatic prostate cancer without previous chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:138-148.
815. Scher HI, Fizazi K, Saad F, et al. Increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1187-1197.
816. Beer TM, Armstrong AJ, Rathkopf DE, et al. Enzalutamide in metastatic prostate cancer before chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:424-433.
817. Smith MR, Saad F, Chowdhury S, et al. Apalutamide treatment and metastasis-free survival in prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:1408-1418.
818. de Bono JS, Oudard S, Ozguroglu M, et al. Prednisone plus cabazitaxel or mitoxantrone for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel treatment: a randomised open-label trial. Lancet. 2010;376:1147-1154.
819. Parker C, Nilsson S, Heinrich D, et al. Alpha emitter radium-223 and survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:213-223.
820. Fizazi K, Carducci M, Smith M, et al. Denosumab versus zoledronic acid for treatment of bone metastases in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer: a randomised, double-blind study. Lancet. 2011;377:813-822.
821. Brookman-May SD, Campi R, Henriquez JDS, et al. Latest evidence on the impact of smoking, sports, and sexual activity as modifiable lifestyle risk factors for prostate cancer incidence, recurrence, and progression: a systematic review of the literature by the European Association of Urology Section of Oncological Urology (ESOU). Eur Urol Focus. 2018. [Epub ahead of print.]
822. Allemani C, Matsuda T, Di Carlo V, et al. Global surveillance of trends in cancer survival 2000–2014 (CONCORD-3): analysis of individual records for 37513025 patients diagnosed with one of 18 cancers from 322 population-based registries in 71 countries. Lancet. 2018;391:1023-1075.
823. Pritchard CC, Mateo J, Walsh MF, et al. Inherited DNA-repair gene mutations in men with metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:443-453.
824. Aroka K, Barbieri CE. Molecular subtypes of prostate cancer. Curr Oncol Rep. 2018;20:1-4.
825. Robinson D, Van Allen EM, Wu YM, et al. Integrative clinical genomics of advanced prostate cancer. Cell. 2015;161:1215-1228.
826. Epstein JI, Zelefsky MJ, Sjoberg DD, et al. A contemporary prostate cancer grading system: a validated alternative to the Gleason score. Eur Urol. 2016;69:428-435.
827. Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Owens DK, et al. Screening for prostate cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2018;319:1901-1913.
828. Tikkinen KAO, Dahm P, Lytvyn L, et al. Prostate cancer screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ. 2018;362:1-12.
829. Litwin MS, Tan HJ. The diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer: a review. JAMA. 2017;317: 2532-2542.
830. Turkbey B, Choyke PL. Prostate magnetic resonance imaging: lesion detection and local staging. Annu Rev Med. 2019;70:451-459.
831. Cooperberg MR. Active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer-an evolving international standard of care. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3:1398-1399.
832. Lavery HJ, Cooperberg MR. Clinically localized prostate cancer in 2017: a review of comparative effectiveness. Urol Oncol. 2017;35:40-41.
833. Barocas DA, Alvarez J, Resnick MJ, et al. Association between radiation therapy, surgery, or observation for localized prostate cancer and patient-reported outcomes after 3 years. JAMA. 2017;317: 1126-1140.
834. Nguyen PL, Haddad Z, Ross AE, et al. Ability of a genomic classifier to predict metastasis and prostate cancer-specific mortality after radiation or surgery based on needle biopsy specimens. Eur Urol. 2017;72:845-852.
835. Stavrinides V, Parker CC, Moore CM. When no treatment is the best treatment: active surveillance strategies for low risk prostate cancers. Cancer Treat Rev. 2017;58:14-21.
836. Ennis RD, Hu L, Ryemon SN, et al. Brachytherapy-based radiotherapy and radical prostatectomy are associated with similar survival in high-risk localized prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36: 1192-1198.
837. Kishan AU, Cook RR, Ciezki JP, et al. Radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy, or external beam radiotherapy with brachytherapy boost and disease progression and mortality with Gleason score 9–10 prostate cancer. JAMA. 2018;319:896-905.
838. Akin-Akintayo OO, Jani AB, Odewole O, et al. Change in salvage radiotherapy management based on guidance with FACBC (fluciclovine) PET/CT in postprostatectomy recurrent prostate cancer. Clin Nucl Med. 2017;42:e22-e28.
839. Sartor O, de Bono JS. Metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:645-657.
840. Morris MJ, Rumble RB, Basch E, et al. Optimizing anticancer therapy in metastatic non-castrate prostate cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:1521-1539.
841. Nuhn P, De Bono JS, Fizazi K, et al. Update on systemic prostate cancer therapies: management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in the era of precision oncology. Eur Urol. 2019;75: 88-99.
842. Bernthal NM, Federman N, Eilber FR, et al. Long-term results (>25 years) of a randomized, prospective clinical trial evaluating chemotherapy in patients with high-grade, operable osteosarcoma. Cancer. 2012;118:5888-5893.
843. Womer RB, West DC, Krailo MD, et al. Randomized controlled trial of interval-compressed chemotherapy for the treatment of localized Ewing sarcoma: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:4148-4154.
844. Chow E, Meyer RM, Ding K, et al. Dexamethasone in the prophylaxis of radiation-induced pain flare after palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases: a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16:1463-1472.
845. Barrett-Lee P, Casbard A, Abraham J, et al. Oral ibandronic acid versus intravenous zoledronic acid in treatment of bone metastases from breast cancer: a randomised, open label, non-inferiority phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15:114-122.
846. Gronchi A, Ferrari S, Quagliuolo V, et al. Histotype-tailored neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus standard chemotherapy in patients with high-risk soft-tissue sarcomas (ISG-STS 1001): an international, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3, multicentre trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:812-822.
847. Judson I, Verweij J, Gelderblom H, et al. Doxorubicin alone versus intensified doxorubicin plus ifosfamide for first-line treatment of advanced or metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15:415-423.
848. Garcia-Del-Muro X, Lopez-Pousa A, Maurel J, et al. Randomized phase II study comparing gemcitabine plus dacarbazine versus dacarbazine alone in patients with previously treated soft tissue sarcoma: a Spanish Group for Research on Sarcomas study. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:2528-2533.
849. Demetri GD, von Mehren M, Jones RL, et al. Efficacy and safety of trabectedin or dacarbazine for metastatic liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma after failure of conventional chemotherapy: results of a phase III randomized multicenter clinical trial. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:786-793.
850. Sch?ffski P, Chawla S, Maki RG, et al. Eribulin versus dacarbazine in previously treated patients with advanced liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma: a randomised, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2016;387:1629-1637.
851. van der Graaf WT, Blay JY, Chawla SP, et al. Pazopanib for metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma (PALETTE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2012;379:1879-1886.
852. Joensuu H, Eriksson M, Sundby Hall K, et al. One vs three years of adjuvant imatinib for operable gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2012;307:1265-1272.
853. Demetri GD, Reichardt P, Kang YK, et al. Efficacy and safety of regorafenib for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours after failure of imatinib and sunitinib (GRID): an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2013;381:295-302.
854. Gounder MM, Mahoney MR, Van Tine BA, et al. Sorafenib for advanced and refractory desmoid tumors. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:2417-2428.
855. Whelan JS, Davis LE. Osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and chordoma. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36: 188-193.
856. Harrison DJ, Geller DS, Gill JD, et al. Current and future therapeutic approaches for osteosarcoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2018;18:39-50.
857. Smeland S, Bielack SS, Whelan J, et al. Survival and prognosis with osteosarcoma: outcomes in more than 2000 patients in the EUKA.MOS-1 (European and American Osteosarcoma Study) cohort. Eur J Cancer. 2019;109:36-50.
858. Polychronidou G, Karavasilis V, Pollack SM, et al. Novel therapeutic approaches in chondrosarcoma. Future Oncol. 2017;13:637-648.
859. Grunewald TGP, Cidre-Aranaz F, Surdez D, et al. Ewing sarcoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018;4:1-22.
860. Noujaim J, Thway K, Sheri A, et al. Histology-driven therapy: the importance of diagnostic accuracy in guiding systemic therapy of soft tissue tumors. Int J Surg Pathol. 2016;24:5-15.
861. Loong HH, Wong KH, Tse T. Controversies and consensus of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in soft- tissue sarcomas. ESMO Open. 2018;3:1-6.
862. Meyer M, Seetharam M. First-line therapy for metastatic soft tissue sarcoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2019;20:1-14.
863. Bourcier K, Italiano A. Newer therapeutic strategies for soft-tissue sarcomas. Pharmacol Ther. 2018;188:118-123.
864. Niinuma T, Suzuki H, Sugai T. Molecular characterization and pathogenesis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;3:1-43.
865. Szucs Z, Thway K, Fisher C, et al. Molecular subtypes of gastrointestinal stromal tumors and their prognostic and therapeutic implications. Future Oncol. 2017;13:93-107.
866. El-Menyar A, Mekkodathil A, Al-Thani H. Diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: an up-to-date literature review. J Cancer Res Ther. 2017;13:889-900.
867. Akahoshi K, Oya M, Koga T, et al. Current clinical management of gastrointestinal stromal tumor. World J Gastroenterol. 2018;24:2806-2817.
868. von Mehren M, Joensuu H. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:136-143.
869. Faries MD, Thompson JF, Cochran AJ, et al. Completion dissection or observation for sentinel lymph node metastasis in melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:2211-2222.
870. Weber J, Mandala M, Del Vecchio M, et al. Adjuvant nivolumab in resected stage III or IV melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:1824-1835.
871. Long GV, Hauschild A, Santinami M, et al. Adjuvant dabrafenib and trametinib in stage III BRA.F mutated melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:1812-1823.
872. Eggermont AMM, Blank CU, Mandala M, et al. Adjuvant pembrolizumab versus placebo in resected stage III melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:1789-1801.
873. Robert C, Thomas L, Bondarenko I, et al. Ipilimumab plus dacarbazine for previously untreated metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2517-2526.
874. Robert C, Long GV, Brady B, et al. Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:320-330.
875. Larkin J, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, et al. Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab or monotherapy in untreated melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;37391:23-34.
876. Schachter J, Ribas A, Long GV, et al. Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab for advanced melanoma: final overall survival results of a multicentre, randomised, open-label phase 3 study (KEYNOTE- 006). Lancet. 2017;390:1853-1862.
877. Wolchok JD, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, et al. Overall survival with combined nivolumab and ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:1345-1356.
878. Long GV, Stroyakovskiy D, Gogas H, et al. Dabrafenib and trametinib versus dabrafenib and placebo for Val600 BRAF-mutant melanoma: a multicentre, double-blind, phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;386:444-451.
879. Robert C, Karaszewska B, Schachter J, et al. Improved overall survival in melanoma with combined dabrafenib and trametinib. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:30-39.
880. Larkin J, Ascierto PA, Dr?no B, et al. Combined vemurafenib and cobimetinib in BRA.F-mutated melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:1867-1876.
881. Dummer R, Ascierto PA, Gogas HJ, et al. Overall survival in patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma receiving encorafenib plus binimetinib versus vemurafenib or encorafenib (COLUMBUS): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19:1315-1327.
882. Tawbi HA, Forsyth PA, Algazi A, et al. Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab in melanoma metastatic to the brain. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:722-730.
883. Jansen MHE, Mosterd K, Arits A, et al. Five-year results of a randomized controlled trial comparing effectiveness of photodynamic therapy, topical imiquimod, and topical 5-fluorouracil in patients with superficial basal cell carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol. 2018;138:527-533.
884. Chen AC, Martin AJ, Choy B, et al. A phase 3 randomized trial of nicotinamide for skin-cancer chemoprevention. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:1618-1626.
885. Shain AH, Yeh I, Kovalyshyn I, et al. The genetic evolution of melanoma from precursor lesions. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:1926-1936.
886. Cancer Genome Atlas Network. Genomic classification of cutaneous melanoma. Cell. 2015;161: 1681-1696.
887. Boshuizen J, Koopman LA, Krijgsman O, et al. Cooperative targeting of melanoma heterogeneity with AXL antibody-drug conjugate and BRAF/MEK inhibitors. Nat Med. 2018;24:203-212.
888. Ghiasvand R, Rueegg CS, Weiderpass E, et al. Indoor tanning and melanoma risk: long term evidence from a prospective population based cohort study. Am J Epidemiol. 2017;185:147-156.
889. Hayward NK, Wilmott JS, Waddell N, et al. Whole genome landscape of major melanoma subtypes. Nature. 2017;545:175-180.
890. Grossman D, Farnham JM, Hyngstrom J, et al. Similar survival of patients with multiple vs. single primary melanomas based on Utah SEER data (1973–2011). J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018; 79:238-244.
891. Gershenwald JE, Scolyer KR, Hess VK, et al. Melanoma staging: evidence based changes in the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition cancer staging manual. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67:472-492.
892. Wong SL, Faries MB, Kennedy EB, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy and management of regional lymph nodes in melanoma: American Society of Clinical Oncology and Society of Surgical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:399-413.
893. Agha A, Tarhini AA. Adjuvant therapy of melanoma. Curr Oncol Rep. 2017;19:1-9.
894. Schuchter LM. Adjuvant melanoma therapy: head spinning progress. N Engl J Med. 2017;377: 1888-1890.
895. Schadendorf D, van Akkooi ACJ, Berking C, et al. Melanoma. Lancet. 2018;392:971-984.
896. Champiat S, Lambotte O, Barreau E, et al. Management of immune checkpoint blockade dysimmune toxicities: a collaborative position paper. Ann Oncol. 2016;27:559-574.
897. Hartman RI, Lin JY Cutaneous melanoma—a review in detection, staging, and management. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2019;33:25-38.
898. Jacquelot N, Roberti MP, Enot DP, et al. Predictors of responses to immune checkpoint blockade in advanced melanoma. Nat Commun. 2017;8:1-13.
899. Andtbacka RH, Kaufman HL, Collichio F, et al. Talimogene laherparepvec improves durable response rate in patients with advanced melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:2780-2788.
900. Tracey EH, Vij A. Updates in melanoma. Dermatol Clin. 2019;37:73-82.
901. Gandini S, Palli D, Spadola G, et al. Anti-hypertensive drugs and skin cancer risk: a review of the literature and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2018;122:1-9.
902. Amaral T, Garbe C. Non-melanoma skin cancer: new and future synthetic drug treatments. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2017;18:689-699.
903. Migden MR, Rischin D, Schmults CD, et al. PD-1 Blockade with cemiplimab in advanced cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:341-351.

Труды отечественных авторов при подготовке статей по терапии для пользователей сайта - не использовались, так как их вы всегда можете найти в библиотеках.

- Вернуться в оглавление раздела "Терапия"

Редактор: Искандер Милевски. Дата обновления публикации: 25.2.2025